A Literature Review of Studies on Resilience, Risk, and Protective Factors

Abstract

The construct of resilience and its implications for studies of at-risk children has been focus of growing attention from researchers over the past 30 years. Moreover, theoretical and empirical investigations have examined a wide range of psychosocial contributors to this construct. Trends in resilience research are shifting from identifying characteristics of children who are resilient in the face of adversity to identifying processes that promote resilience under different adverse conditions. Besides, professionals attempt to develop, implement and evaluate several prevention programs to reduce the future incidence of risks on children. However, research focusing on resilience has recently begun to grow in Turkey. Thus, based on the available literature, this study aims to examine studies on resilience, risk and protective factors and to call researchers’ attention related with the importance of the studies on children and adolescents struggling to overcome risk or adverse life circumstances in Turkey.

Keywords

• Resilience
• risk
• protective factors
• positive adaptation

Psikolojik Sağlamlık, Risk Faktörleri ve Koruyucu Faktörler Üzerine Bir Derleme Çalışması

Abstract

Psikolojik saglamlık kavramı ve bu kavramın risk altındaki çocuklar üzerine yapılan çalısmalara etkileri arastırmacılar tarafından son otuz yılda giderek artan bir ilgi odagı haline gelmeye baslamıs, kuramsal ve görgül çalısmalar ile bu kavramı açıklamaya katkıda bulunan birçok psikososyal faktör incelenmistir. Son dönemde, psikolojik saglamlık arastırmalarındaki egilim zorlu yasam kosullarındaki saglam çocukların özelliklerini belirlemekten öteye geçerek, farklı olumsuz kosullarda psikolojik saglamlıgın gelismesine yardımcı olan süreçleri belirlemeye yönelmektedir. Buna ek olarak uzmanlar, mevcut risklerin gelecekte çocuklar üzerindeki etkilerini azaltmaya yönelik çesitli önleyici programlar gelistirmeye, uygulamaya ve bu programları degerlendirmeye çalısmaktadırlar. Bununla birlikte, ülkemizde psikolojik saglamlık olgusu üzerine yapılan çalısmalara son yıllarda rastlanmaya baslanmıstır. Türkiye’de bu konuyu ele alan çalısmaların az olması dikkate alındıgında bu çalısmanın amacı, psikolojik saglamlık, risk faktörleri ve koruyucu faktörler üzerine yapılan çesitli çalısmaları irdeleyerek, psikolojik saglamlıgın ülkemizde risk ya da zorlu yasam ortamlarında yetisen çocuk ve ergenlere yönelik çalısmalardaki önemine dikkat çekmek ve bu konuda temel bir bakıs açısı olusturmaktır.

Keywords

• Psikolojik sağlamlık
• risk
• koruyucu faktörler
• olumlu uyum gösterme

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