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The Changing Role of Fathers and its Impact on Child Development

Year 2011, Volume: 4 Issue: 35, 79 - 89, 26.05.2011

Abstract

In reviewing the research about fathers’ involvement in child care and its effects on child development, this paper discusses the changing role of fathers, determinants of father involvement, differences between father and mother involvement, father involvement and family outcomes. After women’s increased involvement in the workforce and consequent gains in economic power, important
changes in traditional parental roles occurred. The father was no longer the sole economic provider or the mother the sole child care provider. With their changing roles, fathers spend more time with their children and take more responsibility for child care than they did in the past. With this change, paternal influences on the child’s development, derived from caretaking, teaching, and one on one interaction with the child, are understood much better than in the past. The benefit from this increased father involvement in child care has been shown in many studies. In the context of these findings, traditional and nontraditional father roles and determinants of father involvement are discussed.

References

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  • Bahr, S. J. (1990) Family Research. Lexington Books, New York: An imprint of Macmillan.
  • Barnett, R. C. ve Baruch, G. K. (1987). Determinants of father’s participation in family work. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 49, 29-40.
  • Barnett, R. C. ve Baruch, G. K. (1988). Correlates of father’s participations in family work. (Ed: P. Bronstein, ve C.P. Cowan), Fatherhood today: Men’s changing role in the family (66-78). New York: Wiley.
  • Baruch, G. K. ve. Barnett, R. C (1981). Father’s participation in the care of their preschool children. Sex Roles, 7, 1043-1045.
  • Baruch, G. K. ve Barnett, R. C (1986). Consequences of father’s participation in family work Parent’s role strain and well Parent’s role strain and well-being. Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 983-992.
  • Baruch, G. K., ve Barnett, R. C. (1987). Role quality, multiple role involvement, and psychological well-being in midlife women. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 578-585.
  • Basow, J. (1992). Gender Stereotypes and Roles. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company.
  • Baumrind, D ve Black, A. A. (1967). Socialization practices associated with dimension of competence in preschool boys and girls. Child Development, 38, 291-327.
  • Bellinger, D. (1982). Sex differences in parental directives to young children. Sex Roles, 8, 1123-1139.
  • Belsky, J. (1979). Mother father infant interaction: A naturalistic observation study. Developmental Psychology, 15, 601- 607.
  • Belsky, J., Spanier, B. ve Rovine, M. (1983). Stability and change in marriage across the transition to parenthood. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 48, 567-583.
  • Belsky, J., Gillstrap, A. ve Rovine, M. (1984). The Pennsylvania infant and family development project. I. Stability and change in mother infant and father infant II. Interactions in a family setting at one, three and nine months. Child Development, 55, 692-705.
  • Belsky, J. ve Isebella, R. A. (1985). Marital and parent-child relationship to the family of origin and marital change following the birth of a baby. Child Development, 56, 342- 349.
  • Berardo, D. H., Shehan, L. L. ve Leslie, G. R. (1987). A residue of tradition: Jobs, careers and spouse time in housework. Journal of Marriage and Family, 49, 381-390.
  • Biller, H. B. (1981). Father absence, divorce, and personality development. (Ed: M. .E. Lamb) the role father in child development (489-532) New York: Wiley.
  • Bowlby, J. (1982). Attachment and loss: Retrospect and prospect. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 52, 664– 678.
  • Bronstein, P. ve Cowan, C. P. (1988). Fatherhood today: Men’s changing role in the family. Canada: John Wiley and Sen. Inc.
  • Budd, K. S., ve O’Brien, T. P. (1982). Father involvement in behavioral parent training: An area in need of research. Behavior Therapist, 5, 85−89.
  • Cabrera, N. J., Tamis-LeMonda, S., Bradley, R. H., Hofferth, S., ve Lamb, M. E. (2000). Fatherhood in the twenty-first century. Child Development, 71, 127–136.
  • Carr, A. (1998). The inclusion of fathers in family therapy: A research based perspective. Contemporary Family Therapy: An International Journal, 20, 371–383.
  • Coltrane, S. (1988). Father-child relationships and status of women. A cross-cultural study. American Journal of Sociology, 93(5), 1060-1095.
  • Coltrane, S. (1990). Birth timing and division of labor in dual- earner families. Journal of Family Issues, 11(2), 157-181.
  • Coltrane, S. (1995). The future of fatherhood: Social, demographic and economic influence on men’s family involvement. (Ed: W. Marsiglio, Fatherhood contemporary theory, research and social policy. Thousand Oaks, California Sage.
  • Cox, M. J. ve Paley, B. (1997). Families as systems. Annual Review Psychology, 48, 243-267.
  • Coverman, S. (1985). Explaining husband’s participation in domestic labor. Sociological Quarterly, 26, 81-97.
  • Cowan, C. ve Cowan, P. (1988). Who does what when Partners become parents: implications for men, women and marriage. Marriage and Family Review, 3(4), 105-131.
  • Crouter, C A., Perry- Jeckins, M., Huston, T. L. ve Mchale, S. M. (1987). Process underlying father involvement in dual-earner and single earner families. Developmental Psychology, 23(3), 431-440.
  • Crouter, C. A. ve Jenkins, P. M. (1990). Men’s Provider Role Attitudes. Journal of Family Issues, 11(2), 136-156.
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  • Daly, K. (1995) Reshaping Fatherhood. Journal of Family Issues, 14(4), 510-530.
  • Darling-Fisher, C. ve Tiedje, L. B. (1990). The impact of maternal employment characteristics on fathers’ participation in child care. Family relations, 39, 20-26.
  • Deutch, A. Lussier F. ve Servis R. (1993). Husbands at home; Predictors of paternal participation in childcare and housework. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(6), 1154-1166.
  • Eagly, A. H. ve Steffer, V. J. (1984). Gender stereotypes stem from the distribution of women and men into social roles. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(4), 735-754.
  • Easterbrooks, M. A. ve Goldberg, N. A (1984). Toddler development in the family impact of father involvement and parenting characteristics. Child Development, 55, 710- 752.
  • Ehrensaft, D. (1987). Parenting together men and women sharing the care of their children. New York: Free Press.
  • Ekşi, A. (1990). Çocuk, genç, ve anababalar. İstanbul: Bilgi yayınevi.
  • Entwisle, D. R. ve Doering, S. (1988). The emergent father role. Sex Roles, 18(3/4), 119-141.
  • Evans, C. (1996). Düşük sosyo-ekonomik örneklemli Türk babaların rollerine yönelik tutumları ve katılımları. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. İstanbul: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi.
  • Fagan, J. ve Hawkins, A. J. (2001). Clinical and educational interventions with fathers. Binghamton, NY: Haworth Clinical Practice Press.
  • Fagot, B. (1978). The influence of sex of child on parent’s reactions to toddler children. Child Development, 49, 459- 467.
  • Feldman, S.S., Nash, S.C. ve Aschenbrenner, B.C. (1983). Antecedents of fathering. Child Development, 54, 1628- 1363.
  • Fiebert, M. S. ve Meyer, M.W. (1997). Gender stereotypes a bias against men. The Journal of Psychology, 12, 407-410.
  • Fielde, T. (1978). Interaction patterns of primary version secondary caretaker fathers. Development Psychology, 14, 183-185.
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Değişen Babalık Rolü ve Çocuk Gelişimine Etkisi

Year 2011, Volume: 4 Issue: 35, 79 - 89, 26.05.2011

Abstract

Babanın çocuk bakımına katılımının ve çocuğun gelişimine etkilerinin gözden geçirildiği bu çalışmada, babalık rolündeki değişim, baba katılımının belirleyicileri, anne ve baba katılımı arasındaki farklar, baba katılımı ve aileye etkileri tartışılmıştır. Kadının çalışma yaşamına daha fazla girmesi ve ekonomik güç elde etmesi, babanın evin geçimini sağladığı, annenin ise ev işleri ve çocuk bakımıyla
ilgilendiği geleneksel rolleri değiştirmiştir. Değişen rolleriyle babalar, geçmişe oranla çocuklarıyla daha fazla zaman harcamaya ve çocuk bakımıyla ilgili daha fazla sorumluluk almaya başlamıştır. Baba katılımının artmasından sonra çocuğun bakımı, eğitimi ve çocukla bire bir etkileşimden oluşan babalık rolü ve çocuk gelişimindeki etkileri daha anlaşılmıştır. Nitekim çocuk bakımına baba katılımının yararı çok sayıda araştırmada ortaya konulmuştur. Araştırma sonuçlarına dayanılarak geleneksel ve geleneksel olmayan babalık rolü ve belirleyicileri tartışılmıştır.

References

  • Bagner, D. M., ve Eyberg, S. M. (2003). Father involvement in parent training: When does it matter? Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 32, 599−605.
  • Bahr, S. J. (1990) Family Research. Lexington Books, New York: An imprint of Macmillan.
  • Barnett, R. C. ve Baruch, G. K. (1987). Determinants of father’s participation in family work. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 49, 29-40.
  • Barnett, R. C. ve Baruch, G. K. (1988). Correlates of father’s participations in family work. (Ed: P. Bronstein, ve C.P. Cowan), Fatherhood today: Men’s changing role in the family (66-78). New York: Wiley.
  • Baruch, G. K. ve. Barnett, R. C (1981). Father’s participation in the care of their preschool children. Sex Roles, 7, 1043-1045.
  • Baruch, G. K. ve Barnett, R. C (1986). Consequences of father’s participation in family work Parent’s role strain and well Parent’s role strain and well-being. Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 983-992.
  • Baruch, G. K., ve Barnett, R. C. (1987). Role quality, multiple role involvement, and psychological well-being in midlife women. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 578-585.
  • Basow, J. (1992). Gender Stereotypes and Roles. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company.
  • Baumrind, D ve Black, A. A. (1967). Socialization practices associated with dimension of competence in preschool boys and girls. Child Development, 38, 291-327.
  • Bellinger, D. (1982). Sex differences in parental directives to young children. Sex Roles, 8, 1123-1139.
  • Belsky, J. (1979). Mother father infant interaction: A naturalistic observation study. Developmental Psychology, 15, 601- 607.
  • Belsky, J., Spanier, B. ve Rovine, M. (1983). Stability and change in marriage across the transition to parenthood. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 48, 567-583.
  • Belsky, J., Gillstrap, A. ve Rovine, M. (1984). The Pennsylvania infant and family development project. I. Stability and change in mother infant and father infant II. Interactions in a family setting at one, three and nine months. Child Development, 55, 692-705.
  • Belsky, J. ve Isebella, R. A. (1985). Marital and parent-child relationship to the family of origin and marital change following the birth of a baby. Child Development, 56, 342- 349.
  • Berardo, D. H., Shehan, L. L. ve Leslie, G. R. (1987). A residue of tradition: Jobs, careers and spouse time in housework. Journal of Marriage and Family, 49, 381-390.
  • Biller, H. B. (1981). Father absence, divorce, and personality development. (Ed: M. .E. Lamb) the role father in child development (489-532) New York: Wiley.
  • Bowlby, J. (1982). Attachment and loss: Retrospect and prospect. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 52, 664– 678.
  • Bronstein, P. ve Cowan, C. P. (1988). Fatherhood today: Men’s changing role in the family. Canada: John Wiley and Sen. Inc.
  • Budd, K. S., ve O’Brien, T. P. (1982). Father involvement in behavioral parent training: An area in need of research. Behavior Therapist, 5, 85−89.
  • Cabrera, N. J., Tamis-LeMonda, S., Bradley, R. H., Hofferth, S., ve Lamb, M. E. (2000). Fatherhood in the twenty-first century. Child Development, 71, 127–136.
  • Carr, A. (1998). The inclusion of fathers in family therapy: A research based perspective. Contemporary Family Therapy: An International Journal, 20, 371–383.
  • Coltrane, S. (1988). Father-child relationships and status of women. A cross-cultural study. American Journal of Sociology, 93(5), 1060-1095.
  • Coltrane, S. (1990). Birth timing and division of labor in dual- earner families. Journal of Family Issues, 11(2), 157-181.
  • Coltrane, S. (1995). The future of fatherhood: Social, demographic and economic influence on men’s family involvement. (Ed: W. Marsiglio, Fatherhood contemporary theory, research and social policy. Thousand Oaks, California Sage.
  • Cox, M. J. ve Paley, B. (1997). Families as systems. Annual Review Psychology, 48, 243-267.
  • Coverman, S. (1985). Explaining husband’s participation in domestic labor. Sociological Quarterly, 26, 81-97.
  • Cowan, C. ve Cowan, P. (1988). Who does what when Partners become parents: implications for men, women and marriage. Marriage and Family Review, 3(4), 105-131.
  • Crouter, C A., Perry- Jeckins, M., Huston, T. L. ve Mchale, S. M. (1987). Process underlying father involvement in dual-earner and single earner families. Developmental Psychology, 23(3), 431-440.
  • Crouter, C. A. ve Jenkins, P. M. (1990). Men’s Provider Role Attitudes. Journal of Family Issues, 11(2), 136-156.
  • Çağlayan, F. A. (1989). Üç-altı yaş grubundaki çocukların baba yoksunluğunda ve yokluğunda gösterdikleri davranış bozukluklarının incelenmesi. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Daly, K. (1995) Reshaping Fatherhood. Journal of Family Issues, 14(4), 510-530.
  • Darling-Fisher, C. ve Tiedje, L. B. (1990). The impact of maternal employment characteristics on fathers’ participation in child care. Family relations, 39, 20-26.
  • Deutch, A. Lussier F. ve Servis R. (1993). Husbands at home; Predictors of paternal participation in childcare and housework. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(6), 1154-1166.
  • Eagly, A. H. ve Steffer, V. J. (1984). Gender stereotypes stem from the distribution of women and men into social roles. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(4), 735-754.
  • Easterbrooks, M. A. ve Goldberg, N. A (1984). Toddler development in the family impact of father involvement and parenting characteristics. Child Development, 55, 710- 752.
  • Ehrensaft, D. (1987). Parenting together men and women sharing the care of their children. New York: Free Press.
  • Ekşi, A. (1990). Çocuk, genç, ve anababalar. İstanbul: Bilgi yayınevi.
  • Entwisle, D. R. ve Doering, S. (1988). The emergent father role. Sex Roles, 18(3/4), 119-141.
  • Evans, C. (1996). Düşük sosyo-ekonomik örneklemli Türk babaların rollerine yönelik tutumları ve katılımları. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. İstanbul: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi.
  • Fagan, J. ve Hawkins, A. J. (2001). Clinical and educational interventions with fathers. Binghamton, NY: Haworth Clinical Practice Press.
  • Fagot, B. (1978). The influence of sex of child on parent’s reactions to toddler children. Child Development, 49, 459- 467.
  • Feldman, S.S., Nash, S.C. ve Aschenbrenner, B.C. (1983). Antecedents of fathering. Child Development, 54, 1628- 1363.
  • Fiebert, M. S. ve Meyer, M.W. (1997). Gender stereotypes a bias against men. The Journal of Psychology, 12, 407-410.
  • Fielde, T. (1978). Interaction patterns of primary version secondary caretaker fathers. Development Psychology, 14, 183-185.
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There are 110 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Yaşar Kuzucu This is me

Publication Date May 26, 2011
Published in Issue Year 2011 Volume: 4 Issue: 35

Cite

APA Kuzucu, Y. (2011). The Changing Role of Fathers and its Impact on Child Development. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 4(35), 79-89. https://doi.org/10.17066/pdrd.93674

!! From 30 November 2023, English language proofreading will be required for accepted articles to ensure language quality.