A REVIEW ON THE FEAR OF MISSING OUT (FOMO)

Year 2022, Volume: 24 Issue: 2, 771 - 782, 20.12.2022

Erdi Bahadır Mehmet Utku Tohumcu Bilal Kalender

https://doi.org/10.26468/trakyasobed.1075175

Abstract

Fear of missing out (Fear of Missing Out, FOMO); It means that the individual experiences intense anxiety that he or she will be deprived of or miss the developments and innovations that occur in the social lives of others. FOMO, which entered the psychology literature with the increase in technological developments and social media usage, is a new concept. Studies have reported values ranging from 15.2-75% for the prevalence of FOMO in the community. In the etiology of FOMO, along with demographic and individual factors, thought characteristics and behavioral patterns were found to be effective. It has also been reported that there are factors that can significantly affect the psychological health of the individual in the situations seen with FOMO. In addition, it has been reported that there are factors that can significantly affect the psychological health of the individual in situations seen with FOMO. The part of the study that differs from other studies on the subject is the way the concept of FOMO is handled, the breadth of the subject's scope and its base on current evaluations. This study provides literature information in terms of understanding the etiology of FOMO and examining the triggering and maintaining factors. 

Keywords

FOMO, technology, social media

GELİŞMELERİ KAÇIRMA KORKUSU (FoMO) ÜZERİNE BİR GÖZDEN GEÇİRME

Abstract

Gelişmeleri kaçırma korkusu (Fear of Missing Out, FoMO), başkalarının sosyal yaşantılarında gelişmeler ve yeniliklerden bireyin bunlardan yoksun kalacağı veya kaçıracağı yönündeki yoğun kaygıları ile karakterizedir. Teknolojik gelişmelerin ve sosyal medya kullanımının artışı ile psikoloji literatürüne giren FoMO henüz yeni bir kavramdır. Yapılan çalışmalarda yaygınlık için %15,2-75 aralığında değerler bildirilmiştir. Cinsiyet ve yaş gibi demografik değişkenlerin dışında kaygılı düşünce yapısı, nevrotik kişilik özellikleri, kaygılı bağlanma biçimi ve sosyal medya kullanımı gibi faktörlerin de FoMO etiyolojisinde önemli olduğu bilinmektedir. Sosyallik algısındaki bozulma, kendilik sunumunun değişmesi ve sosyal medya kullanımının artması ise FoMO belirtilerinin devam etmesinde sürdürücü faktörler olarak dikkat çekmektedir. FoMO belirtileri sonucunda davranışsal bağımlılık (internet, oyun oynama, akıllı telefon ve sosyal medya vb.), phubbing davranışı, uyku sorunları, depresyon, anksiyete ve dikkat dağınıklığı gibi önemli sorunlar da görülmektedir. Psikoloji literatürü için yeni bir kavram olarak FoMO, bireyin ruh sağlığı için önemli sorunlara neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışma ile birlikte FoMO’nun daha iyi anlaşılması için literatür bilgileri gözden geçirilmiş ve sonraki çalışmalarda kavramın farklı yönlerinin incelenmesinde güncel bilgiler derlenmiştir.

Keywords

FoMO, teknoloji, sosyal medya, FOMO, technology, social media

References

• Appel, M., Krisch, N., Stein, J. P., & Weber, S. (2019). Smartphone zombies! Pedestrians’ distracted walking as a function of their fear of missing out. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 63, 130-133.
• Beyens, I., Frison, E., & Eggermont, S. (2016). “I don’t want to miss a thing”: Adolescents’ fear of missing out and its relationship to adolescents’ social needs, Facebook use, and Facebook related stress. Computers in Human Behavior, 64, 1-8.
• Blackwell, D., Leaman, C., Tramposch, R., Osborne, C., & Liss, M. (2017). Extraversion, neuroticism, attachment style and fear of missing out as predictors of social media use and addiction. Personality and Individual Differences, 116, 69-72.
• Boustead, R., & Flack, M. (2021). Moderated-mediation analysis of problematic social networking use: The role of anxious attachment orientation, fear of missing out and satisfaction with life. Addictive Behaviors, 119, 106938.
• Coco, G. L., Salerno, L., Franchina, V., La Tona, A., Di Blasi, M., & Giordano, C. (2020). Examining bi-directionality between Fear of Missing Out and problematic smartphone use. A two-wave panel study among adolescents. Addictive Behaviors, 106, 106360.
• Data Reportal, (2020). Digital 2020: Global digital overview. Retrieved from: https://datar eportal.com/reports/digital-2020-global-digital-overview.
• Dempsey, A. E., O'Brien, K. D., Tiamiyu, M. F., & Elhai, J. D. (2019). Fear of missing out (FoMO) and rumination mediate relations between social anxiety and problematic Facebook use. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 9, 100150.
• Elhai, J. D., Levine, J. C., Dvorak, R. D., & Hall, B. J. (2016). Fear of missing out, need for touch, anxiety and depression are related to problematic smartphone use. Computers in Human Behavior, 63, 509-516.
• Elhai, J. D., Rozgonjuk, D., Liu, T., & Yang, H. (2020). Fear of missing out predicts repeated measurements of greater negative affect using experience sampling methodology. Journal of affective disorders, 262, 298-303.
• Elhai, J. D., Yang, H., Fang, J., Bai, X., & Hall, B. J. (2020). Depression and anxiety symptoms are related to problematic smartphone use severity in Chinese young adults: Fear of missing out as a mediator. Addictive behaviors, 101, 105962.
• Fang, J., Wang, X., Wen, Z., & Zhou, J. (2020). Fear of missing out and problematic social media use as mediators between emotional support from social media and phubbing behavior. Addictive behaviors, 107, 106430.
• Fioravanti, G., Casale, S., Benucci, S. B., Prostamo, A., Falone, A., Ricca, V., & Rotella, F. (2021). Fear of Missing Out and Social networking sites use and abuse: A Meta-analysis. Computers in Human Behavior, 106839.
• Franchina, V., Vanden Abeele, M., Van Rooij, A. J., Lo Coco, G., & De Marez, L. (2018). Fear of missing out as a predictor of problematic social media use and phubbing behavior among Flemish adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(10), 2319.
• Holte, A. J., & Ferraro, F. R. (2020). Anxious, bored, and (maybe) missing out: Evaluation of anxiety attachment, boredom proneness, and fear of missing out (FoMO). Computers in Human Behavior, 112, 106465.
• Hoşgör, H., Koç Tütüncü, S., Gündüz Hoşgör, D., & Tandoğan, Ö. (2017). Üniversite öğrencileri arasında sosyal medyadaki gelişmeleri kaçırma korkusu yaygınlığının farklı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. International Journal of Academic Value Studies, 3(17), 213-223.
• Li, L., Griffiths, M. D., Niu, Z., & Mei, S. (2020). The trait-state fear of missing out scale: Validity, reliability, and measurement invariance in a Chinese sample of university students. Journal of Affective Disorders, 274, 711-718.
• Milyavskaya, M., Saffran, M., Hope, N., & Koestner, R. (2018). Fear of missing out: prevalence, dynamics, and consequences of experiencing FOMO. Motivation and Emotion, 42(5), 725-737.
• Oberst, U., Wegmann, E., Stodt, B., Brand, M., & Chamarro, A. (2017). Negative consequences from heavy social networking in adolescents: The mediating role of fear of missing out. Journal of Adolescence, 55, 51-60.
• Panova, T., & Carbonell, X. (2018). Is smartphone addiction really an addiction?. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 7(2), 252-259.
• Pêgo, B. F., Lopes, B. C., Santos, G. S., & Rocha, J. S. B. Prevalence of Fear of Missing Out amongst students from a private higher education institution from North of Minas Gerais, Brazil: digital behavior and welfare in the university quotidian. Revista Eletrônica de Comunicação, Informação e Inovação em Saúde; v. 15, n. 1 (2021): Dossiê Comunicação, Saúde e Crises Globais: parte 2, 24(2).
• Przybylski, A. K., Murayama, K., DeHaan, C. R., & Gladwell, V. (2013). Motivational, emotional, and behavioral correlates of fear of missing out. Computers in human behavior, 29(4), 1841-1848.
• Rozgonjuk, D., Sindermann, C., Elhai, J. D., & Montag, C. (2020). Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) and social media’s impact on daily-life and productivity at work: Do WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram, and Snapchat Use Disorders mediate that association?. Addictive Behaviors, 110, 106487.
• Rozgonjuk, D., Sindermann, C., Elhai, J. D., & Montag, C. (2021). Individual differences in Fear of Missing Out (FoMO): Age, gender, and the Big Five personality trait domains, facets, and items. Personality and Individual Differences, 171, 110546.
• Ryan, R., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78.
• Scott, H., & Woods, H. C. (2018). Fear of missing out and sleep: Cognitive behavioural factors in adolescents' nighttime social media use. Journal of adolescence, 68, 61-65.
• Song, X., Zhang, X., Zhao, Y., & Song, S. (2017). Fearing of missing out (FoMO) in mobile social media environment: Conceptual development and measurement scale. iConference 2017 Proceedings.
• Stead, H., & Bibby, P. A. (2017). Personality, fear of missing out and problematic internet use and their relationship to subjective well-being. Computers in Human Behavior, 76, 534-540.
• Tavernier, R., & Willoughby, T. (2014). Sleep problems: predictor or outcome of media use among emerging adults at university?. Journal of sleep research, 23(4), 389-396.
• Tomczyk, Ł., & Selmanagic-Lizde, E. (2018). Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) among youth in Bosnia and Herzegovina—Scale and selected mechanisms. Children and Youth Services Review, 88, 541-549.
• Vaughn, V., Mack, A.M., (2012). Fear of Missing Out (FOMO). A Report from JWT Intelligence. New York: J. Walter Thompson Company.
• Wegmann, E., Oberst, U., Stodt, B., & Brand, M. (2017). Online-specific fear of missing out and Internet-use expectancies contribute to symptoms of Internet-communication disorder. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 5, 33-42.
• Wolniewicz, C. A., Tiamiyu, M. F., Weeks, J. W., & Elhai, J. D. (2018). Problematic smartphone use and relations with negative affect, fear of missing out, and fear of negative and positive evaluation. Psychiatry Research, 262, 618-623.
• Yuan, G., Elhai, J. D., & Hall, B. J. (2021). The influence of depressive symptoms and fear of missing out on severity of problematic smartphone use and Internet gaming disorder among Chinese young adults: A three-wave mediation model. Addictive Behaviors, 112, 106648.