BİLİM VE TOPLUM İLİŞKİSİ BAĞLAMINDA KÜRESEL RİSKLER: COVID-19 PANDEMİSİ VAKASI

Year 2024, Volume: 26 Issue: 1, 49 - 70, 05.06.2024

Anıl Mühürdaroğlu

https://doi.org/10.26468/trakyasobed.1428454

Abstract

ÖZ: Klasik bilim anlayışı bilimsel bilgi üretimini toplumsal süreçlerden kopuk, pratik ihtiyaçları ikinci plana iten, bilginin birikimsel olarak arttığı bir süreç olarak tanımlar. Bu tanımlama bilim tarihi, bilim felsefesi ve bilim sosyolojisi alanlarında yürütülen tartışmalar ve yapılan araştırmalar çerçevesinde uzun süredir sorgulanır hale gelmiştir. Bilimsel bilgi üretiminin toplumsal süreçlerle, ideolojilerle ve siyasa yapım süreçleriyle ilişkisine dair yürütülen tartışmalar bilimin toplum yararına işleyen planlı bir faaliyet olarak yeniden tanımlanması gerektiği görüşünü doğurmuştur. Öte yandan karşıt kamptaki yorumcular, bilimsel gelişmenin kaynağı olduğunu varsaydıkları bilimin özerklik niteliğine zarar vereceği gerekçesiyle bu görüşü eleştirmiştir. Bu tartışmalar, refah devleti paradigmasının beraberinde getirdiği teknokrasi kültürü ile birlikte başka bir boyuta taşınmıştır. 1960’lı yıllarla birlikte diğer uzmanlarla birlikte bilim insanlarına karşı artan kuşku ve bilim ve teknolojinin ortaya çıkmalarında doğrudan veya dolayı payı olan küresel risklere dair artan bilinç bilime olan güveni sarsmış, bu durum bilimin söz konusu risklerin krize dönüştüğü noktalarda bunların çözümünde oynaması gereken rolün ne olduğu sorusunu gündeme taşımıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, yakın geçmişte yaşanan Covid-19 pandemisi sürecindeki tartışmalar ile bilim ve toplum arasındaki ilişkiye dair yazında son dönemde ortaya konan değerlendirmeler çerçevesinde küresel kriz dönemlerinde bilimin siyasa yapım süreçlerinde oynaması gereken role dair bir değerlendirme sunmaktır

Keywords

bilim sosyolojisi, bilim politikaları, risk toplumu, uzmanlar

GLOBAL RISKS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SCIENCE AND SOCIETY

Abstract

ABSTRACT: The classical conception of science depicted scientific knowledge production as a cumulative process which did not prioritize the practical outcomes of the research output. This conception has long been questioned as a result of the inquiries and research in the history, philosophy, and the sociology of science. The debates on the relationship between the production of scientific knowledge, social processes, ideologies and policy-making processes had brought about an argument for redefining science as a centrally-planned activity which prioritize the social benefits. On the other hand, the representatives of the opposite camp criticized such an attempt on the grounds that it will damage the autonomous structure of science which they regard as the foundational source of the scientific progress. These debates had found new grounds with the increasing dominance of the welfare state paradigm and the concomitant technocratic culture. With the dissemination of the skeptical views against scientists along with other experts in 1960s and the increasing public awareness of the global risks which were directly or indirectly caused by the advancements in science and technology, the public trust in science had dwindled. As a result, the need for assessing the role science should play in case these risks turn into crises have become a key issue of discussion. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the role science should play during the times of global crises with reference to the discussions which emerged during the Covid-19 pandemic and the recent discussion in the literature on the relationship between science and policy-making.

Keywords

sociology of science, science policies, risk society, experts

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