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Tourism Revenue-Economic Activity Nexus in Türkiye: Evidence from Fourier VAR Model

Year 2024, Volume: 38 Issue: 2, 113 - 119, 22.04.2024
https://doi.org/10.16951/trendbusecon.1468698

Abstract

This study aims to explore the relationship between tourism revenues and industrial production in the Turkish economy using monthly data for the period 2012M1-2023M6. The relationship between the variables is estimated through the Fourier Vector Autoregression (VAR) model, which takes into account gradual structural breaks in the model. According to the impulse-response functions, the response of the industrial production index to a shock in tourism revenues is positive for the first 9 months. Besides, the cumulative response of tourism revenues to a shock in the industrial production index is also estimated as positive. In addition, the share of tourism revenues in the forecast error variance of the industrial production index is quite high; in the first 6 months, the explanatory power of this variable exceeds 30%. According to the results of the Fourier Granger causality test, a one-way causality relationship is found from tourism revenues to industrial production index in Türkiye.

References

  • Apergis, N., & Payne, J. E. (2012). Tourism and growth in the Caribbean–evidence from a panel error correction model. Tourism Economics, 18(2), 449-456.
  • Balaguer, J., & Cantavella-Jordá, M. (2002). Tourism as a long-run economic growth factor: The Spanish case. Applied Economics, 34(7), 877-884.
  • Brida, J. G., Cortes-Jimenez, I., & Pulina, M. (2016). Has the tourism-led growth hypothesis been validated? A literature review. Current Issues in Tourism, 19(5), 394-430.
  • Brida, J. G., Lanzilotta, B., Lionetti, S., & Risso, W. A. (2010). Research note: The tourism-led growth hypothesis for Uruguay. Tourism Economics, 16(3), 765-771.
  • Bozoklu, S., Yilanci, V., & Gorus, M. S. (2020). Persistence in per capita energy consumption: a fractional integration approach with a Fourier function. Energy Economics, 91, Makale 104926.
  • Cernat, L., & Gourdon, J. (2012). Paths to success: Benchmarking cross-country sustainable tourism. Tourism Management, 33(5), 1044-1056.
  • Ekanayake, E. M., & Long, A. E. (2012). Tourism development and economic growth in developing countries. The International Journal of Business and Finance Research, 6(1), 61-63.
  • Enders, W., & Jones, P. (2016). Grain prices, oil prices, and multiple smooth breaks in a VAR. Studies in Nonlinear Dynamics & Econometrics, 20(4), 399-419.
  • Enders, W., & Lee, J. (2012a). The flexible Fourier form and Dickey–Fuller type unit root tests. Economics Letters, 117(1), 196-199.
  • Enders, W., & Lee, J. (2012b). A unit root test using a Fourier series to approximate smooth breaks. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 74(4), 574-599.
  • Erdal, B., Nazlıoğlu, E. H., & Karul, Ç. (2022). Turizm odaklı büyüme hipotezinin yapısal kırılmalar ile sınanması: Türkiye örneği. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 53, 37-52.
  • Ergin-Ünal, A., & Süsay, A. (2021). Hizmet güven endeksi, turizm gelirleri ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi. Tarsus Üniversitesi Uygulamalı Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(2), 68-77.
  • Ertugrul, H. M., & Mangir, F. (2015). The tourism-led growth hypothesis: Empirical evidence from Turkey. Current Issues in Tourism, 18(7), 633-646.
  • Fayissa, B., Nsiah, C., & Tadasse, B. (2008). Impact of tourism on economic growth and development in Africa. Tourism Economics, 14(4), 807-818.
  • Gunduz, L., & Hatemi-J, A. (2005). Is the tourism-led growth hypothesis valid for Turkey?. Applied Economics Letters, 12(8), 499-504.
  • IMF (1995). Ecuador: Recent Economic Development. IMF Staff Country Reports, 1995(096), A001. https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451811759.002. [Erişim Tarihi: 9 Ekim 2023].
  • Katircioglu, S. T. (2009). Revisiting the tourism-led-growth hypothesis for Turkey using the bounds test and Johansen approach for cointegration. Tourism Management, 30(1), 17-20.
  • McKinnon, R. I. (1964). Foreign exchange constraints in economic development and efficient aid allocation. The Economic Journal, 74(294), 388-409.
  • OECD (2022). OECD Tourism Trends and Policies 2022. OECD Publishing, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1787/a8dd3019-en.
  • Özdemir, Y., Demirel, T., & Çetin Demirel, N. (2009). Türkiye turizm sektörü için SWOT analizi ve strateji belirleme. 10. Ulusal Turizm Kongresi, 21-24 Ekim 2009, Mersin, Türkiye.
  • Pérez-Rodríguez, J. V., Rachinger, H., & Santana-Gallego, M. (2022). Does tourism promote economic growth? A fractionally integrated heterogeneous panel data analysis. Tourism Economics, 28(5), 1355-1376.
  • Şahin, D., Durmuş, S., & Beşcanlar, S. (2021). Türkiye’de ekonomik büyüme ve turizm gelirleri ilişkisi; Yapısal kırılmalı test analizi. Iğdır Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, ICOMEP Özel Sayısı, 36-56.
  • Terzi, H. (2015). Is the tourism-led growth hypothesis (TLGH) valid for Turkey?. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 16(2), 165-178.
  • Yilanci, V., & Börke Tunali, Ç. (2014). Are fluctuations in energy consumption transitory or permanent? Evidence from a Fourier LM unit root test. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 36, 20-25.

Türkiye’de Turizm Geliri-Ekonomik Aktivite İlişkisi: Fourier VAR Modelinden Kanıtlar

Year 2024, Volume: 38 Issue: 2, 113 - 119, 22.04.2024
https://doi.org/10.16951/trendbusecon.1468698

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’deki turizm gelirleri ve sanayi üretimi arasındaki ilişki 2012M1-2023M6 dönemi aylık verileri kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Değişkenler arasındaki ilişki modeldeki kademeli yapısal kırılmaları dikkate alan Fourier Vektör Otoregresyon (VAR) modeliyle tahmin edilmiştir. Elde edilen etki-tepki fonksiyonlarına göre, sanayi üretim endeksinin turizm gelirlerindeki bir şoka verdiği tepki ilk 9 ay pozitiftir. Turizm gelirlerinin sanayi üretim endeksinde meydana gelen bir şoka verdiği kümülatif tepki de pozitif olarak ölçülmüştür. Bununla birlikte, sanayi üretim endeksinin öngörü hata varyansında turizm gelirlerinin payı oldukça yüksektir; ilk 6 aylık periyotta, bu değişkenin hata varyansını açıklama gücü %30’ları geçmiştir. Fourier Granger nedensellik testi sonuçlarına göre ise Türkiye’de turizm gelirlerinden sanayi üretim endeksine doğru tek yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir.

References

  • Apergis, N., & Payne, J. E. (2012). Tourism and growth in the Caribbean–evidence from a panel error correction model. Tourism Economics, 18(2), 449-456.
  • Balaguer, J., & Cantavella-Jordá, M. (2002). Tourism as a long-run economic growth factor: The Spanish case. Applied Economics, 34(7), 877-884.
  • Brida, J. G., Cortes-Jimenez, I., & Pulina, M. (2016). Has the tourism-led growth hypothesis been validated? A literature review. Current Issues in Tourism, 19(5), 394-430.
  • Brida, J. G., Lanzilotta, B., Lionetti, S., & Risso, W. A. (2010). Research note: The tourism-led growth hypothesis for Uruguay. Tourism Economics, 16(3), 765-771.
  • Bozoklu, S., Yilanci, V., & Gorus, M. S. (2020). Persistence in per capita energy consumption: a fractional integration approach with a Fourier function. Energy Economics, 91, Makale 104926.
  • Cernat, L., & Gourdon, J. (2012). Paths to success: Benchmarking cross-country sustainable tourism. Tourism Management, 33(5), 1044-1056.
  • Ekanayake, E. M., & Long, A. E. (2012). Tourism development and economic growth in developing countries. The International Journal of Business and Finance Research, 6(1), 61-63.
  • Enders, W., & Jones, P. (2016). Grain prices, oil prices, and multiple smooth breaks in a VAR. Studies in Nonlinear Dynamics & Econometrics, 20(4), 399-419.
  • Enders, W., & Lee, J. (2012a). The flexible Fourier form and Dickey–Fuller type unit root tests. Economics Letters, 117(1), 196-199.
  • Enders, W., & Lee, J. (2012b). A unit root test using a Fourier series to approximate smooth breaks. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 74(4), 574-599.
  • Erdal, B., Nazlıoğlu, E. H., & Karul, Ç. (2022). Turizm odaklı büyüme hipotezinin yapısal kırılmalar ile sınanması: Türkiye örneği. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 53, 37-52.
  • Ergin-Ünal, A., & Süsay, A. (2021). Hizmet güven endeksi, turizm gelirleri ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi. Tarsus Üniversitesi Uygulamalı Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(2), 68-77.
  • Ertugrul, H. M., & Mangir, F. (2015). The tourism-led growth hypothesis: Empirical evidence from Turkey. Current Issues in Tourism, 18(7), 633-646.
  • Fayissa, B., Nsiah, C., & Tadasse, B. (2008). Impact of tourism on economic growth and development in Africa. Tourism Economics, 14(4), 807-818.
  • Gunduz, L., & Hatemi-J, A. (2005). Is the tourism-led growth hypothesis valid for Turkey?. Applied Economics Letters, 12(8), 499-504.
  • IMF (1995). Ecuador: Recent Economic Development. IMF Staff Country Reports, 1995(096), A001. https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451811759.002. [Erişim Tarihi: 9 Ekim 2023].
  • Katircioglu, S. T. (2009). Revisiting the tourism-led-growth hypothesis for Turkey using the bounds test and Johansen approach for cointegration. Tourism Management, 30(1), 17-20.
  • McKinnon, R. I. (1964). Foreign exchange constraints in economic development and efficient aid allocation. The Economic Journal, 74(294), 388-409.
  • OECD (2022). OECD Tourism Trends and Policies 2022. OECD Publishing, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1787/a8dd3019-en.
  • Özdemir, Y., Demirel, T., & Çetin Demirel, N. (2009). Türkiye turizm sektörü için SWOT analizi ve strateji belirleme. 10. Ulusal Turizm Kongresi, 21-24 Ekim 2009, Mersin, Türkiye.
  • Pérez-Rodríguez, J. V., Rachinger, H., & Santana-Gallego, M. (2022). Does tourism promote economic growth? A fractionally integrated heterogeneous panel data analysis. Tourism Economics, 28(5), 1355-1376.
  • Şahin, D., Durmuş, S., & Beşcanlar, S. (2021). Türkiye’de ekonomik büyüme ve turizm gelirleri ilişkisi; Yapısal kırılmalı test analizi. Iğdır Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, ICOMEP Özel Sayısı, 36-56.
  • Terzi, H. (2015). Is the tourism-led growth hypothesis (TLGH) valid for Turkey?. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 16(2), 165-178.
  • Yilanci, V., & Börke Tunali, Ç. (2014). Are fluctuations in energy consumption transitory or permanent? Evidence from a Fourier LM unit root test. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 36, 20-25.
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Regional Economy
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Muhammed Şehid Görüş 0000-0002-7614-4567

Early Pub Date April 15, 2024
Publication Date April 22, 2024
Submission Date October 25, 2023
Acceptance Date February 14, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 38 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Görüş, M. Ş. (2024). Türkiye’de Turizm Geliri-Ekonomik Aktivite İlişkisi: Fourier VAR Modelinden Kanıtlar. Trends in Business and Economics, 38(2), 113-119. https://doi.org/10.16951/trendbusecon.1468698

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