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A Survey of Empty Container Flow Balance in Turkish Ports

Year 2015, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 18 - 29, 01.11.2015

Abstract

Container transportation is the most preferred maritime commercial freight distribution in entire world except liquefied product transportation by tankers and bulk carriers. Totally 95% volume of general cargo is transported by container ships in the world due to fast, cheap andsafe carrying potential of the goods transfer. Containerization has become recent phenomena in the field of maritime transportation and the quantity of goods transported by containers is increasing day by day as well as the total container number to use for the commercial activity. Due to very high mobility in the field of container transportation, port traffic estimation, availability of containers, storage, deposition and allocation of empty containers have become recent problems in maritime transportation area. In this study some major container ports of Turkey which are stand for 80 % of total container operations are analyzed toseek for empty container balance. After detailed statistical evaluation of national container transportation figures for Haydarpaşa, Kumport, İzmir, Mardaş, Marport and Mersin, several interviews and discussions have been made with port authorities and governing departments. As a result, it is observed that there is no empty container accumulation problem in the examined ports except Haydarpaşa and Kumport. Based on general statistics, Turkish container ports currently do not suffer from empty container problem as overall container circulation close to equilibrium but the problem has a potential to create a risk on developinginternational trade of Turkey.Keywords: Empty container, repositioning, container ports, Turkey

References

  • Boile, M., 2006. Empty intermodal container management.
  • Department of Transportation Bureau of Research and U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration. New
  • Jersey Boile, M., Mittal, N., Golias, M., Theofanis S., 2006. Empty marine container management: Addressing
  • Transportation Research Board 85th Annual Meeting Compendium of Papers CD-ROM, Washington DC. problem
  • locally, Breakers, K., 2012. Optimization of Empty Container Movements in Intermodal Transport, PhD Thesis, University of Hasselt, Belgium, pp. 24-25.
  • Crainic, T. G., 2002. A Survey of Optimization for Long-Haul Freight Transportation. Handbook of Transportation Science 2nd Edition, (R.W. Hall Ed.), pp. 9-12, Kluwer, France.
  • Hanh, P. I., 2003. The Logistics of Empty Cargo Containers in the Southern California Region. Final Environmental Southern California, U.S. pp. 10 – 17. University
  • of Rodrigue, P. J., 2012. The Containerization of Commodities: Integrating Inland Ports with Gateways and Corridors in Western Canada. Final Report, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York, United States, pp. 6-27.
  • Anonym, (2006). Shipping Statistics and Market Review, Instutute of Shipping Economics and Logistics, Bremen. URL-1, http://www.ubak.gov.tr/. 12 April
  • , Esmer, S., Oral, E. Z., Karataş, Ç., Deveci, A. D., and Tuna, O., 2009. Türkiye Limancılık Sektörü Raporu: Vizyon 2020, Türklim 2008, Yayın No: 03.
  • Esmer, S. and Oral, E. Z., 2008. Türkiye’de Konteyner Limanlarının Geleceği, Türkiye’nin Kıyı ve Deniz Alanları 7. Ulusal Konferansı, Bildiriler Kitabı: pp. 551 – 558, Ankara.
  • Zhang, J., Ioannou, P., and Chassiakos, A., 2004. Automated Container Transport System Between Inland Port and Terminals, 83rd TRB Annual meeting,
  • Washington DC. Theofanis, S. and Boile, M., (2009). Empty Marine Container
  • Management Strategies. Geojournal, 74 (3): 51 – 65. Facts, Issues and Yur, T. and Esmer, S., 2011. A Review Of The Studies On Empty Container Repositioning Problem, European Conference on Shipping Intermodalism & Ports – Econship 2011, Chios, Symposium Book, pp: 142 – 144.
  • Liu, C., Jiang, Z., Chen, F., Xiaou, L., Liming, X., 2010. Empty Container Repositioning-A Review, Proceedings of the 8th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Antomation, pp. 127-134, China.
  • Yazıcı, S., (2008). Konteyner Deniz ve Liman İşletmeciliği. (Erdal, M., Ed.), Yayın No : 2036, İstanbul, Beta Basım A.Ş.
  • Rodrigue, P. J., (2013). The Geography of Transportation Systems. ISBN 978-0-415-82254- 1, Third Edition, New York, USA, Hofstra University.
  • Brito, M.P., Konings, R., 2006. The Reverse Logistics of Empty Maritime Containers. In: Logistics in Global Economy - Challenges and Trends, 1st International Conference of Logistics, pp. 1–11, Gdansk, Poland.
  • Shintani, K., Konings, R. and Imai, A., (2010). The Impact of Foldable Containers on Container Fleet Management Costs in Hinterland Transport, Transportation Research Part E, 46 (1): 750-763.
  • Ioannou, P., Chassiakos, A., Jula, H., Chang, H. and Valencia, G., 2006. Development of Methods For Handling Empty Containers with Applications in the Los Angeles/Long Beach Port Area. Final Report Project 04-05, METRANS Transportation Center, Long Beach, CA.
  • Mittal, N. (2008). Regional Empty Marine Container Management, PhD Thesis, Graduate School-New Brunswick Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, pp. 3-15. URL-2,
  • http://www.denizcilik.gov.tr.
  • Francesco, D. M. (2007). New Optimization Model For Empty Container Management. PhD Thesis, University of Cagliari, Italy, pp. 10-21. URL-3,
  • http://www.tuik.gov.tr. 17 October
  • Dunaicevs, P., 2010. Analysis of Empty Container Flow of Shipping Line, 12th International Conference Maritime Transport and Infrastructure, Symposium Book, pp. 227-230, Riga. URL-4,
  • http://www.gumruk.gov.tr. 10 October
  • Jula, H., Chassiakos, A. and Ioannou, P., (2006). Port
  • Transportation Research Part E, 42(2): 43-60. Container
  • Reuse. of the Global Container Shipping Network. Maritime Policy & Management, 32 (3) : 15–3

Türk Limanlarındaki Boş Konteyner Akış Dengesinin Araştırılması

Year 2015, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 18 - 29, 01.11.2015

Abstract

Konteyner taşımacılığı günümüz denizciliğinde sıvı yükler dışındaki yüklerde en fazla tercih edilen taşıma türüdür. Dünyada ki genel kargo yüklerinin % 95’i güvenilir, ucuz ve bir defada çok miktarda yük taşınabilmesi nedeniyle konteynerlerle taşınmakta olup, denizyolu ile gerçekleştirilen uluslararası ticaret hacmi, her geçen gün süratle artmaktadır. Dünyada kullanılan konteyner ağlarındaki hareketlilik yoğunlaştıkça, hem limanlardaki trafiğin tahmin edilmesi, hem de konteynerlerin temin edilmesi, depolanması ve sevk edilmesi, boş konteynerlerin yeniden konumlandırılması ve yönetilmesi büyük bir sorun haline gelmeye başlamıştır. Ticari faaliyetlerdeki dengesizlikler boş konteyner yönetiminin temel nedenini oluşturmaktadır. Bu dengesizlik sonucu kimi zaman liman veya depolarda konteyner yığınları oluşurken, kimi zaman da istenen yerde ve zamanda konteyner bulunamamaktadır. Durum yönetsel problem olarak ele alındığında maliyet ve teslimatta başlayan problemler, firma itibarını ve pazar durumunu etkileyen boyutlara kadar ulaşabilmektedir. Bu noktadan yola çıkılarak ülkemizin konteyner ticaret hacminin yaklaşık olarak % 80’ini oluşturan Gemport, Haydarpaşa, İzmir, Kumport, Mardaş, Marport ve Mersin limanlarının konteyner giriş ve çıkış istatiksel verileri değerlendirilmiştir. Liman otorite ve yetkilileri ile konuyla ilgili olarak görüşme ve mülakatlar yapılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmanın sonucunda incelenen limanlardan Haydarpaşa ve Kumport limanları dışındaki limanlarımızda boş konteyner yığılmasının yaşanmadığı görülmüştür. Genel olarak ülkemiz konteyner limanlarında boş konteyner sorununun yaşanmadığı fakat gelecekte yaşanması muhtemel bir risk olarak değerlendirilmesi gerektiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır

References

  • Boile, M., 2006. Empty intermodal container management.
  • Department of Transportation Bureau of Research and U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration. New
  • Jersey Boile, M., Mittal, N., Golias, M., Theofanis S., 2006. Empty marine container management: Addressing
  • Transportation Research Board 85th Annual Meeting Compendium of Papers CD-ROM, Washington DC. problem
  • locally, Breakers, K., 2012. Optimization of Empty Container Movements in Intermodal Transport, PhD Thesis, University of Hasselt, Belgium, pp. 24-25.
  • Crainic, T. G., 2002. A Survey of Optimization for Long-Haul Freight Transportation. Handbook of Transportation Science 2nd Edition, (R.W. Hall Ed.), pp. 9-12, Kluwer, France.
  • Hanh, P. I., 2003. The Logistics of Empty Cargo Containers in the Southern California Region. Final Environmental Southern California, U.S. pp. 10 – 17. University
  • of Rodrigue, P. J., 2012. The Containerization of Commodities: Integrating Inland Ports with Gateways and Corridors in Western Canada. Final Report, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York, United States, pp. 6-27.
  • Anonym, (2006). Shipping Statistics and Market Review, Instutute of Shipping Economics and Logistics, Bremen. URL-1, http://www.ubak.gov.tr/. 12 April
  • , Esmer, S., Oral, E. Z., Karataş, Ç., Deveci, A. D., and Tuna, O., 2009. Türkiye Limancılık Sektörü Raporu: Vizyon 2020, Türklim 2008, Yayın No: 03.
  • Esmer, S. and Oral, E. Z., 2008. Türkiye’de Konteyner Limanlarının Geleceği, Türkiye’nin Kıyı ve Deniz Alanları 7. Ulusal Konferansı, Bildiriler Kitabı: pp. 551 – 558, Ankara.
  • Zhang, J., Ioannou, P., and Chassiakos, A., 2004. Automated Container Transport System Between Inland Port and Terminals, 83rd TRB Annual meeting,
  • Washington DC. Theofanis, S. and Boile, M., (2009). Empty Marine Container
  • Management Strategies. Geojournal, 74 (3): 51 – 65. Facts, Issues and Yur, T. and Esmer, S., 2011. A Review Of The Studies On Empty Container Repositioning Problem, European Conference on Shipping Intermodalism & Ports – Econship 2011, Chios, Symposium Book, pp: 142 – 144.
  • Liu, C., Jiang, Z., Chen, F., Xiaou, L., Liming, X., 2010. Empty Container Repositioning-A Review, Proceedings of the 8th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Antomation, pp. 127-134, China.
  • Yazıcı, S., (2008). Konteyner Deniz ve Liman İşletmeciliği. (Erdal, M., Ed.), Yayın No : 2036, İstanbul, Beta Basım A.Ş.
  • Rodrigue, P. J., (2013). The Geography of Transportation Systems. ISBN 978-0-415-82254- 1, Third Edition, New York, USA, Hofstra University.
  • Brito, M.P., Konings, R., 2006. The Reverse Logistics of Empty Maritime Containers. In: Logistics in Global Economy - Challenges and Trends, 1st International Conference of Logistics, pp. 1–11, Gdansk, Poland.
  • Shintani, K., Konings, R. and Imai, A., (2010). The Impact of Foldable Containers on Container Fleet Management Costs in Hinterland Transport, Transportation Research Part E, 46 (1): 750-763.
  • Ioannou, P., Chassiakos, A., Jula, H., Chang, H. and Valencia, G., 2006. Development of Methods For Handling Empty Containers with Applications in the Los Angeles/Long Beach Port Area. Final Report Project 04-05, METRANS Transportation Center, Long Beach, CA.
  • Mittal, N. (2008). Regional Empty Marine Container Management, PhD Thesis, Graduate School-New Brunswick Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, pp. 3-15. URL-2,
  • http://www.denizcilik.gov.tr.
  • Francesco, D. M. (2007). New Optimization Model For Empty Container Management. PhD Thesis, University of Cagliari, Italy, pp. 10-21. URL-3,
  • http://www.tuik.gov.tr. 17 October
  • Dunaicevs, P., 2010. Analysis of Empty Container Flow of Shipping Line, 12th International Conference Maritime Transport and Infrastructure, Symposium Book, pp. 227-230, Riga. URL-4,
  • http://www.gumruk.gov.tr. 10 October
  • Jula, H., Chassiakos, A. and Ioannou, P., (2006). Port
  • Transportation Research Part E, 42(2): 43-60. Container
  • Reuse. of the Global Container Shipping Network. Maritime Policy & Management, 32 (3) : 15–3
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA78VJ32AA
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ünal Özdemir This is me

Abdulaziz Güneroğlu This is me

Süleyman Köse This is me

Faruk Buğra Demirel This is me

Publication Date November 1, 2015
Submission Date November 1, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015 Volume: 1 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Özdemir, Ü., Güneroğlu, A., Köse, S., Demirel, F. B. (2015). A Survey of Empty Container Flow Balance in Turkish Ports. Turkish Journal of Maritime and Marine Sciences, 1(1), 18-29.

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