Dijital Medyada Savaş Haberciliğinin Etik Sınavı: Batı Medyasında İki Savaş, İki Anlatı

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Batı ana akım medyasının (BBC, The Guardian, CNN, Associated Press) Rusya Ukrayna Savaşı ile İsrail-Filistin çatışmasının ilk dönemlerini haberleştirirken kurduğu çerçeveleme stratejilerini karşılaştırmalı olarak incelemektedir. Entman’ın çerçeveleme yaklaşımı temel alınarak, her kurumdan her iki savaşa ilişkin altışar metin olmak üzere toplam 48 düz haber, bütüncül (holistik) çerçeve analiziyle çözümlenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular Batı medyasının iki savaşa farklı etik ve normatif statüler atfettiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Rusya-Ukrayna haberlerinde Rusya, “saldırganlık”, “işgal” ve “savaş suçları”nın tartışmasız faili olarak konumlandırılırken Ukrayna ve Ukraynalı siviller hem mağdur hem de direnen “kahraman” özneler olarak temsil edilmektedir. İsrail-Filistin haberlerinde ise Gazze’deki insani kriz güvenlik ikilemi ve diplomatik süreçlerle girift biçimde çerçevelenmekte, İsrail çoğunlukla Hamas saldırılarına tepki veren meşru savunmacı, Hamas ise şiddetin ve sivil kayıpların başlıca sorumlusu olarak kodlanmaktadır. Böylece Gazze’deki insani kriz faille bağı silikleştirilmiş, yönetilmesi gereken bir trajediye indirgenmektedir. Bu ikircikli bakış, savaş haberciliğini bilgilendirmenin ötesinde, etik çifte standartları yeniden üreten bir manipülasyon pratiğine dönüştürmektedir.

Keywords

• Dijital Medya
• Savaş Haberciliği
• Çerçeveleme Kuramı
• Rusya-Ukrayna
• İsrail-Filistin

The Ethical Test of War Reporting in Digital Media: Two Wars, Two Narratives in Western Media

Abstract

This study comparatively examines the framing strategies employed by Western mainstream media outlets (BBC, The Guardian, CNN, Associated Press) in reporting the early stages of the Russia–Ukraine war and the Israel–Palestine conflict. Based on Entman’s framing approach, a total of 48 straight news texts—six from each outlet for each conflict—were analyzed using a holistic frame analysis. The findings reveal that Western media assign different ethical and normative statuses to the two wars. In the Russia–Ukraine coverage, Russia is positioned as the unequivocal perpetrator of “aggression,” “invasion,” and “war crimes,” while Ukraine and Ukrainian civilians are represented as both victims and resilient “heroic” actors. In contrast, reporting on the Israel–Palestine conflict frames the humanitarian crisis in Gaza within a complex web of security dilemmas and diplomatic processes; Israel is predominantly portrayed as a legitimate defender responding to Hamas attacks, whereas Hamas is coded as the primary agent responsible for violence and civilian casualties. As a result, the humanitarian catastrophe in Gaza becomes detached from its perpetrator and is reduced to a crisis to be managed. This ambivalent perspective transforms war reporting from a practice of informing the public into a form of manipulation that reproduces ethical double standards.

Keywords

• Digital Media
• War Reporting
• Framing Theory
• Russia-Ukraine
• Israel-Palestine

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