Mahremiyet, Verileştirme ve Dijital Kovid-19 Takip Uygulamaları

Öz

İlk dalga Kovid-19 salgınının ardından otoriteler ve bazı özel şirketler salgınla mücadeleyi ve filyasyonu yaygınlaştırmak adına çeşitli dijital uygulamalar üretme hazırlıklarına başlamıştır. Kullanıcıların riskli kişilerle temas kurup kurmadığını takip eden bu uygulamaların kişilerin Küresel Konumlama Sistemi (GPS) ve bluetooth gibi teknolojiler vasıtasıyla lokasyonlarını ve bireyler arası mesafeleri ölçmesi, güvenlik ve mahremiyet kaygısını da beraberinde getirmektedir. Google ve Apple, 20 Mayıs 2020 tarihinde, bireylerin Kovid-19 pozitif vakalarla yakın temasa maruz kalıp kalmadıklarının tespit edilmesini kolaylaştırmaya yönelik "teknolojiyi halk sağlığı otoritelerine yardım için kullanmak" sloganıyla, kamu sağlığı otoritelerinin oluşturdukları dijital filyasyon uygulamaları tarafından kullanılabilen maruz kalma ara yüzünü tanıtmıştır. Bu arayüzün diğer merkezî (centralised)filyasyon uygulamalarına nazaran dağıtık (decentralised) bir sistemle işliyor olması, bu sisteme kullanıcıların mahremiyeti açısından güven oluşturmaktadır.
Koronavirüs salgını sırasında teknolojik çözümlerin kullanılması temas takibi için avantajlı görünse de bazı kısıtlamaları da beraberinde getirmektedir. Sosyolojik bir perspektiften bakıldığında, bu çözümleri kullanmanın kritik bir sonucu, insanların verileştirilmesidir ve bu durum bireylerin metalaştırılmasına giden yolu açmaktadır. Bu makale, farklı aktörler tarafından oluşturulmuş dijital filyasyon uygulamaları aracılığıyla üretilen verinin, veri sahipliğinin ve mahremiyet ölçülerinin biyopolitika üzerinden güncel bir okumasını yaparak dijital filyasyon uygulamaları hakkında bir durum değerlendirmesi sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Aynı zamanda, uygulama kullanıcılarının mahremiyeti ihlal edecek durum ve sistemlerin farkına varmak adına veri okuryazarı olmalarının ehemmiyetini göstermeyi hedeflemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Verileştirme
• Kovid-19
• Dijtal Filyasyon Uygulamaları
• Google&Apple API

Privacy, Datafication and COVID-19 Digital Contact-tracing Apps

Abstract

After the first wave of the COVID-19 outbreak, public health authorities and some private companies started preparations to produce various digital applications in order to ease contact tracing in the fight against the pandemic. The fact that these applications use Global Positioning System (GPS) and/or bluetooth technologies to obtain location of their users and measure their distances to other individuals constantly brought the question of security and privacy. On May 20, Google and Apple introduced the exposure notifications API to be used by contact tracing applications of public health authorities to make it easier to identify whether individuals have been in close contact with COVID-19 positive cases with the slogan of 'Using technology to help public health authorities'. The fact that this interface operates with a distributed system compared to the other centralised contact tracing applications has created trust in this system in terms of privacy. Although using technological solutions seems advantageous for contact-tracing during Coronavirus pandemic; it brings some limitations as well. From a sociological perspective, a critical outcome of using these solutions is datafication of people; hence, pave the way towards commodification of them. This research aims to describe the present situation about the ownership and privacy measures of the data obtained via the digital contact tracing applications of different actors over the concept of `biopolitics'. Meanwhile, it aims to project the significance of being data literate in order to protect the application users in any case of violation of privacy.

Keywords

• Datafication
• COVID-19
• Contact-tracing Apps
• Google&Apple API

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