Research Article
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A Review of Emotional Empathy Development Methods in Contemporary Turkish TV Series Narratives

Year 2024, Volume: 9 Issue: 22, 608 - 639, 30.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.37679/trta.1519979

Abstract

This study investigates the narrative strategies that enable Turkish television series to develop emotional empathy with viewers. The series Gönül Dağı, Bahar and Kızılcık Şerbeti , which were broadcasted on national channels in the 2023-2024 broadcast period and decided to continue, were analyzed through thematic analysis. As a result of these analyses, five main categories for revealing emotional empathy were identified: cinematographic techniques, dialogue structuring, actor performances, music use and sub-narratives. Methodologically, the thematic analysis was carried out in three stages: watching the series, categorizing the elements of emotional empathy, and further analyzing the emotional impact of these elements on the audience. The research examines how television series promote emotional empathy in viewers from the perspective of neurocognitive approach and film philosophy. According to the results of the study, Turkish television series establish emotional bonds with viewers by using certain strategies. These strategies create bridges of empathy between the audience and the characters and enable viewers to participate in the series. In this regard, cinematography, dialogues, actor performances, music, poetry, songs, character voices and imagery were found to play an active role in the process
of emotional bonding.

References

  • Agosta, L. (2010). Empathy in the context of philosophy: Renewing philosophy (resimli baskı). Springer. ISBN 0230275249, 9780230275249.
  • Algan E, Kaptan Y (2020) Television in Turkey: Local Production, Transnational Expansion and Political Aspirations. Switzerland: Springer Nature.
  • Arda, Ö, Aslan, P., Mujica, C. (2021). Transnationalization of Turkish television series. İstanbul: Istanbul University Publication
  • Armony, J., Vuilleumier, P. (Eds.). (2013). The Cambridge handbook of human affective neuroscience.Cambridge University Pres. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511843716
  • Anderson, B. (2013). Affect and emotion. İçinde N. C. Johnson, R. H. Schein, & J. Winders (Ed.), The Wiley-Blackwell companion to cultural geography (s. 452-465). Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Arieti, s., (1970). Cognition and feeling. In Feelings and emotions: The Loyola symposium (pp. 135-143). New York: Academic Pres.
  • Berg, M. (2023). Turkish drama serials: The importance and influence of a globally popular TV phenomenon. University of Exeter Pres.
  • Box Office Türkiye. (2024a). 2023/2024 sezonunun en çok izlenen Türk dizileri. Box Office Türkiye. https://boxofficeturkiye.com/haber/2023-2024-sezonunun-en-cok-izlenen-turk-dizileri--6001 Erişim Tarihi: 09.08.2024
  • Box Office Türkiye. (2024b). Yeni sezonda yayınlanmaya devam edecek televizyon dizileri (2024/2025).https://boxofficeturkiye.com/haber/yeni-sezonda-yayinlanmaya-devam-edecek-televizyon-dizileri-2024-2025--5997 Erişim Tarihi: 09.08.2024
  • Can Maraşlı, M. (2022). İsteğe bağlı yayın hizmetlerinde çocukların korunması: “Minnoşlar” filmi örneği. Yeni Medya, 2022(13), 265-287, https://doi.org/10.55609/yenimedya.1160315
  • Carroll, N. (1999). Film, emotion and genre. İçinde C. Plantinga & G. M. Smith (Ed.), Passionate views: Film, cognition, and emotion (s. 21-47). The Johns Hopkins University Pres.55
  • Choi, J. (2005). Leaving It Up to the Imagination: POV Shots and Imagining from the Inside. Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, 63(1), 17–25. doi:10.1111/j.0021-8529.2005.00177.x
  • Damasio, A. (2003). Spinoza’yı Ararken: Haz, Acı ve Hisseden Beyin, çev. Emre Kumral, İlay Çetiner, İstanbul, ODTÜ Yayıncılık.
  • Damasio, A. (2024). Olan Biteni Hissetmek (M. Kırca, Çev.). İstanbul: Metis Yayınları
  • Eitzen, D. (1999). The emotional basis of film comedy. İçinde C. Plantinga & G. M. Smith (Ed.), Passionate views: Film, cognition, and emotion (s. 84-99). The Johns Hopkins University Pres.
  • Feagin, S. L. (1999). Time and timing. İçinde C. Plantinga & G. M. Smith (Ed.), (s. 168-179). The Johns Hopkins University Pres.
  • Güngör Kılıç, E. (2022). Türkiye’de Dizi Üretim-İhracat Dinamikleri İlişkisi ve Kültürel Etkileşim. İçinde İ. Sarıtaş ve A. Özsoy (Ed.), Kültürel Değişim ve Endüstrileşme Sürecinde Türk Diziler (2010 – 2020), İstanbul Ticaret Odası.
  • Hogan, R. (1969). Development of an empathy scale. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 33(3), 307–316. doi:10.1037/h0027580
  • Ioannidou, F., & Konstantikaki, V. (2008). Empathy and emotional intelligence: What is it really about. International Journal of caring sciences, 1(3), 118.
  • Keen, S. (2006). A Theory of Narrative Empathy. Narrative, 14(3), 207–236. doi:10.1353/nar.2006.0015
  • Keen, S. (2007). Empathy and the novel. Oxford University Press, USA.
  • Klimecki, O., Singer, T. (2013). Empathy from the perspective of social neuroscience. The Cambridge handbook of human affective neuroscience, 533-550.
  • La Pastina, A. C., Straubhaar, J. D. (2005). Multiple Proximities between Television Genres and Audiences: The Schism between Telenovelas’ Global Distribution and Local Consumption. International Communication Gazette, 67(3), 271–288.
  • Losoya, S. H., Eisenberg, N. (2001). Affective empathy. In J. A. Hall & F. J. Bernieri (Eds.), Interpersonal sensitivity: Theory and measurement (s. 21-43). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Mar, R. A., Oatley, K., Peterson, J. B. (2009). Exploring the link between reading fiction and empathy: Ruling out individual differences and examining outcomes.
  • Martínez, A. G.,, González, A. M. (2016). Emotional culture and TV narratives. In Emotions in contemporary TV series (s. 13-25). London: Palgrave Macmillan UK
  • Mehrabian, A., Young, A. L., Sato, S. (1988). Emotional empathy and associated individual differences. Current Psychology, 7, 221-240.
  • Morreall, J. (1998). The Emotions of Television. Midwest Studies in Philosophy, 22(1), 280–293. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4975.1998.tb00341.x
  • Mutlu, E. (2008). Televizyonu Anlamak. Ankara: Ayraç Yayınevi.
  • Oatley K. (1994). A taxonomy of the emotions of literary response and a theory of identification in fictional narrative. Poetics, 23, 5374.
  • Özbulduk Kılıç, I. (2022).Türkiye’de Dizi Temaları ve Dizi İçeriklerinin Belirlenmesi: 2010-2020 Dönemi. İ. Sarıtaş ve A. Özsoy (Eds), Kültürel Değişim ve Endüstrileşme Sürecinde Türk Dizileri (2010-2020) içinde. İstanbul, İstanbul Ticaret Odası Yayınları
  • Plamper, J. (2015). The history of emotions: An introduction. Oxford University Pres.
  • Plantinga, C. (1999). The scene of empathy and the human face on film. In C. Plantinga & G. M. Smith (Eds.), Passionate views: Film, cognition, and emotion (pp. [specific page range]). Johns Hopkins University Pres.
  • Plantinga, C. (2009). Emotion and affect. İçinde P. Livingston & C. Plantinga (Ed.), The Routledge companion to philosophy and film (s. x-y). Routledge.
  • Rohm, s., Hopp, F. R., Smit, E. G. (2022). Exposure to serial audiovisual narratives increases empathy via vicarious interactions. Media Psychology, 25(1), 106-127.
  • Sarıtaş, İ., Özsoy, A. (2022). Kültürel değişim ve endüstrileşme sürecinde Türk dizileri 2010-2020 İ. Sarıtaş ve A. Özsoy (Eds), Kültürel Değişim ve Endüstrileşme Sürecinde Türk Dizileri (2010-2020) içinde. İstanbul, İstanbul Ticaret Odası Yayınları.
  • Seeley, W., & Carroll, N. (2014). Cognitive Theory and the Individual Film: The Case of Rear Window. In Cognitive media theory (s. 235-252). Routledge.
  • Smith, A. (2006). Cognitive empathy and emotional empathy in human behavior and evolution. The Psychological Record, 56(1), 3-21.
  • Smith, G. M. (1999). Local emotions, global moods, and film structure. İçinde C. Plantinga & G. M. Smith (Ed.), Passionate views: Film, cognition, and emotion (s. 84-99). The Johns Hopkins University Pres..
  • Stadler, J. (2017). Empathy in film. In The Routledge handbook of philosophy of empathy (s. 317-326). Routledge.
  • Stueber, K. (2019). Empathy. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2019 ed.). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. Retrieved from https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2019/entries/empathy/ (Erişim Tarihi: 10.07.2024)
  • Şentürk, R., Gülçur, A. s., & Eken, İ. (2017). Türkiye’de film endüstrisi (2011-2015). İstanbul: İstanbul Ticaret Odası.
  • Tanrıöver, H. U. (2022). Towards a social history of turkey through television series. Series-International Journal of TV Serial Narratives, 8(2), 9-26.
  • TenHouten, W. D. (2007). A general theory of emotions and social life. Routledge
  • Türkgeldi, S. K. (2019). İzleyici-Karakter İlişkisi Bağlamında Empati ve Sempatinin İçkinliği:” Arka Pencere” Örneği. SineFilozofi, 4(7), 74-88.
  • Vaage, M. B. (2010). Fiction Film and the Varieties of Empathic Engagement. Midwest Studies In Philosophy, 34(1), 158–179. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4975.2010.00200.x
  • Vitrinel, E., Kaptan, Y., & Algan, E. (2022). Introduction: Capturing the New Dynamics of Turkish Television Series. Disjunctions and Continuities. Series-International Journal of TV Serial Narratives, 8(2), 5-8.
  • Yalkin, C. (2019). TV series: marketplace icon. Consumption Markets & Culture, 24(2), 217–224. doi:10.1080/10253866.2019.1669569
  • Yalkin, C., & Veer, E. (2018). Taboo on TV: gender, religion, and sexual taboos in transnationally marketed Turkish soap operas. Journal of Marketing Management, 1–23.
  • Yesil, B. (2015). Transnationalization of Turkish dramas: Exploring the convergence of local and global market imperatives. Global Media and Communication, 11(1), 43-60.
  • Young, P. T. (1975). Understanding your feelings and emotions. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall

Son Dönem Türk Dizi Anlatılarında Duygusal Empati Geliştirme Yöntemlerine Yönelik Bir İnceleme

Year 2024, Volume: 9 Issue: 22, 608 - 639, 30.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.37679/trta.1519979

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Türk televizyon dizilerinin izleyicilerle duygusal empatiyi geliştirmesini sağlayan anlatı stratejilerini araştırmaktadır. 2023-2024 yayın döneminde ulusal kanallarda yayınlanan ve devam etme kararı alınan Gönül Dağı, Bahar ve Kızılcık Şerbeti dizileri tematik analiz yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Bu incelemeler sonucunda duygusal empatiyi açığa çıkarmaya yönelik beş ana kategori belirlenmiştir: sinematografik teknikler, diyalogların yapılandırılması, oyuncu performansları, müzik kullanımı ve yan anlatılar. Metodolojik olarak tematik analiz üç aşamada gerçekleştirilmiştir: Dizilerin izlenmesi, duygusal empati unsurlarının kategorize edilmesi ve bu unsurların izleyici üzerindeki duygusal etkisinin daha derinlemesine analiz edilmesi. Araştırma, televizyon dizilerinin izleyicilerde duygusal empatiyi nasıl teşvik ettiğini nörobilişsel yaklaşım ve film felsefesi perspektifinden ele almaktadır. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, Türk televizyon dizileri belirli stratejiler kullanarak izleyicilerle duygusal bağ kurmaktadır. Bu stratejiler, izleyici ile karakterler arasında empati köprüleri oluşturarak izleyicilerin dizilere katılmasını olanak sağlamaktadır. Bu hususta özellikle sinematografi, diyaloglar, oyuncu performansları, müzik, şiir, şarkı, karakter dış sesi ve imgesel görüntülerin duygusal bağ kurma sürecinde etkin rol oynadığı tespit edilmiştir.

References

  • Agosta, L. (2010). Empathy in the context of philosophy: Renewing philosophy (resimli baskı). Springer. ISBN 0230275249, 9780230275249.
  • Algan E, Kaptan Y (2020) Television in Turkey: Local Production, Transnational Expansion and Political Aspirations. Switzerland: Springer Nature.
  • Arda, Ö, Aslan, P., Mujica, C. (2021). Transnationalization of Turkish television series. İstanbul: Istanbul University Publication
  • Armony, J., Vuilleumier, P. (Eds.). (2013). The Cambridge handbook of human affective neuroscience.Cambridge University Pres. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511843716
  • Anderson, B. (2013). Affect and emotion. İçinde N. C. Johnson, R. H. Schein, & J. Winders (Ed.), The Wiley-Blackwell companion to cultural geography (s. 452-465). Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Arieti, s., (1970). Cognition and feeling. In Feelings and emotions: The Loyola symposium (pp. 135-143). New York: Academic Pres.
  • Berg, M. (2023). Turkish drama serials: The importance and influence of a globally popular TV phenomenon. University of Exeter Pres.
  • Box Office Türkiye. (2024a). 2023/2024 sezonunun en çok izlenen Türk dizileri. Box Office Türkiye. https://boxofficeturkiye.com/haber/2023-2024-sezonunun-en-cok-izlenen-turk-dizileri--6001 Erişim Tarihi: 09.08.2024
  • Box Office Türkiye. (2024b). Yeni sezonda yayınlanmaya devam edecek televizyon dizileri (2024/2025).https://boxofficeturkiye.com/haber/yeni-sezonda-yayinlanmaya-devam-edecek-televizyon-dizileri-2024-2025--5997 Erişim Tarihi: 09.08.2024
  • Can Maraşlı, M. (2022). İsteğe bağlı yayın hizmetlerinde çocukların korunması: “Minnoşlar” filmi örneği. Yeni Medya, 2022(13), 265-287, https://doi.org/10.55609/yenimedya.1160315
  • Carroll, N. (1999). Film, emotion and genre. İçinde C. Plantinga & G. M. Smith (Ed.), Passionate views: Film, cognition, and emotion (s. 21-47). The Johns Hopkins University Pres.55
  • Choi, J. (2005). Leaving It Up to the Imagination: POV Shots and Imagining from the Inside. Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, 63(1), 17–25. doi:10.1111/j.0021-8529.2005.00177.x
  • Damasio, A. (2003). Spinoza’yı Ararken: Haz, Acı ve Hisseden Beyin, çev. Emre Kumral, İlay Çetiner, İstanbul, ODTÜ Yayıncılık.
  • Damasio, A. (2024). Olan Biteni Hissetmek (M. Kırca, Çev.). İstanbul: Metis Yayınları
  • Eitzen, D. (1999). The emotional basis of film comedy. İçinde C. Plantinga & G. M. Smith (Ed.), Passionate views: Film, cognition, and emotion (s. 84-99). The Johns Hopkins University Pres.
  • Feagin, S. L. (1999). Time and timing. İçinde C. Plantinga & G. M. Smith (Ed.), (s. 168-179). The Johns Hopkins University Pres.
  • Güngör Kılıç, E. (2022). Türkiye’de Dizi Üretim-İhracat Dinamikleri İlişkisi ve Kültürel Etkileşim. İçinde İ. Sarıtaş ve A. Özsoy (Ed.), Kültürel Değişim ve Endüstrileşme Sürecinde Türk Diziler (2010 – 2020), İstanbul Ticaret Odası.
  • Hogan, R. (1969). Development of an empathy scale. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 33(3), 307–316. doi:10.1037/h0027580
  • Ioannidou, F., & Konstantikaki, V. (2008). Empathy and emotional intelligence: What is it really about. International Journal of caring sciences, 1(3), 118.
  • Keen, S. (2006). A Theory of Narrative Empathy. Narrative, 14(3), 207–236. doi:10.1353/nar.2006.0015
  • Keen, S. (2007). Empathy and the novel. Oxford University Press, USA.
  • Klimecki, O., Singer, T. (2013). Empathy from the perspective of social neuroscience. The Cambridge handbook of human affective neuroscience, 533-550.
  • La Pastina, A. C., Straubhaar, J. D. (2005). Multiple Proximities between Television Genres and Audiences: The Schism between Telenovelas’ Global Distribution and Local Consumption. International Communication Gazette, 67(3), 271–288.
  • Losoya, S. H., Eisenberg, N. (2001). Affective empathy. In J. A. Hall & F. J. Bernieri (Eds.), Interpersonal sensitivity: Theory and measurement (s. 21-43). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Mar, R. A., Oatley, K., Peterson, J. B. (2009). Exploring the link between reading fiction and empathy: Ruling out individual differences and examining outcomes.
  • Martínez, A. G.,, González, A. M. (2016). Emotional culture and TV narratives. In Emotions in contemporary TV series (s. 13-25). London: Palgrave Macmillan UK
  • Mehrabian, A., Young, A. L., Sato, S. (1988). Emotional empathy and associated individual differences. Current Psychology, 7, 221-240.
  • Morreall, J. (1998). The Emotions of Television. Midwest Studies in Philosophy, 22(1), 280–293. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4975.1998.tb00341.x
  • Mutlu, E. (2008). Televizyonu Anlamak. Ankara: Ayraç Yayınevi.
  • Oatley K. (1994). A taxonomy of the emotions of literary response and a theory of identification in fictional narrative. Poetics, 23, 5374.
  • Özbulduk Kılıç, I. (2022).Türkiye’de Dizi Temaları ve Dizi İçeriklerinin Belirlenmesi: 2010-2020 Dönemi. İ. Sarıtaş ve A. Özsoy (Eds), Kültürel Değişim ve Endüstrileşme Sürecinde Türk Dizileri (2010-2020) içinde. İstanbul, İstanbul Ticaret Odası Yayınları
  • Plamper, J. (2015). The history of emotions: An introduction. Oxford University Pres.
  • Plantinga, C. (1999). The scene of empathy and the human face on film. In C. Plantinga & G. M. Smith (Eds.), Passionate views: Film, cognition, and emotion (pp. [specific page range]). Johns Hopkins University Pres.
  • Plantinga, C. (2009). Emotion and affect. İçinde P. Livingston & C. Plantinga (Ed.), The Routledge companion to philosophy and film (s. x-y). Routledge.
  • Rohm, s., Hopp, F. R., Smit, E. G. (2022). Exposure to serial audiovisual narratives increases empathy via vicarious interactions. Media Psychology, 25(1), 106-127.
  • Sarıtaş, İ., Özsoy, A. (2022). Kültürel değişim ve endüstrileşme sürecinde Türk dizileri 2010-2020 İ. Sarıtaş ve A. Özsoy (Eds), Kültürel Değişim ve Endüstrileşme Sürecinde Türk Dizileri (2010-2020) içinde. İstanbul, İstanbul Ticaret Odası Yayınları.
  • Seeley, W., & Carroll, N. (2014). Cognitive Theory and the Individual Film: The Case of Rear Window. In Cognitive media theory (s. 235-252). Routledge.
  • Smith, A. (2006). Cognitive empathy and emotional empathy in human behavior and evolution. The Psychological Record, 56(1), 3-21.
  • Smith, G. M. (1999). Local emotions, global moods, and film structure. İçinde C. Plantinga & G. M. Smith (Ed.), Passionate views: Film, cognition, and emotion (s. 84-99). The Johns Hopkins University Pres..
  • Stadler, J. (2017). Empathy in film. In The Routledge handbook of philosophy of empathy (s. 317-326). Routledge.
  • Stueber, K. (2019). Empathy. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2019 ed.). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. Retrieved from https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2019/entries/empathy/ (Erişim Tarihi: 10.07.2024)
  • Şentürk, R., Gülçur, A. s., & Eken, İ. (2017). Türkiye’de film endüstrisi (2011-2015). İstanbul: İstanbul Ticaret Odası.
  • Tanrıöver, H. U. (2022). Towards a social history of turkey through television series. Series-International Journal of TV Serial Narratives, 8(2), 9-26.
  • TenHouten, W. D. (2007). A general theory of emotions and social life. Routledge
  • Türkgeldi, S. K. (2019). İzleyici-Karakter İlişkisi Bağlamında Empati ve Sempatinin İçkinliği:” Arka Pencere” Örneği. SineFilozofi, 4(7), 74-88.
  • Vaage, M. B. (2010). Fiction Film and the Varieties of Empathic Engagement. Midwest Studies In Philosophy, 34(1), 158–179. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4975.2010.00200.x
  • Vitrinel, E., Kaptan, Y., & Algan, E. (2022). Introduction: Capturing the New Dynamics of Turkish Television Series. Disjunctions and Continuities. Series-International Journal of TV Serial Narratives, 8(2), 5-8.
  • Yalkin, C. (2019). TV series: marketplace icon. Consumption Markets & Culture, 24(2), 217–224. doi:10.1080/10253866.2019.1669569
  • Yalkin, C., & Veer, E. (2018). Taboo on TV: gender, religion, and sexual taboos in transnationally marketed Turkish soap operas. Journal of Marketing Management, 1–23.
  • Yesil, B. (2015). Transnationalization of Turkish dramas: Exploring the convergence of local and global market imperatives. Global Media and Communication, 11(1), 43-60.
  • Young, P. T. (1975). Understanding your feelings and emotions. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall
There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Television Broadcasting
Journal Section Makale
Authors

Işkın Özbulduk Kılıç 0000-0003-4801-7381

Publication Date September 30, 2024
Submission Date July 21, 2024
Acceptance Date September 12, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 9 Issue: 22

Cite

APA Özbulduk Kılıç, I. (2024). Son Dönem Türk Dizi Anlatılarında Duygusal Empati Geliştirme Yöntemlerine Yönelik Bir İnceleme. TRT Akademi, 9(22), 608-639. https://doi.org/10.37679/trta.1519979