Üst Gövde Direnç Egzersizlerinde 1TM, 5TM ve 10TM Testlerinin Güvenirliği

Abstract

Spor bilimlerinde antrenman ya da benzeri bir müdahalenin etkisini inceleyen araştırma tasarımları yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu tür tasarımlarda katılımcıların ön test ya da son testlerinden elde edilen verilerin güvenirliği oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı üst gövde egzersizlerinde (bench press, shoulder press, biceps curl ve triceps extension) 1TM (1 tekrar maksimum), 5TM ve 10TM testlerinin güvenirliğini incelemektir. Çalışmaya antrenman deneyimi düşük (1 yıl ve daha az) seviyede olan 23 gönüllü erkek katılmıştır. Katılımcılara bir alıştırma antrenmanından sonra dört farklı egzersizin 1TM, 5TM ve 10TM testleri üç-dört gün arayla ikişer kez uygulanmıştır. İki ölçüm arasındaki farklar ve test-tekrar test güvenirliği analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre toplam 12 testten, ikisinde (biceps curl 1TM ve triceps extension 1TM) ölçümler arasında anlamlı fark bulunurken, diğer 10 testte ölçümler arasında anlamlı fark bulunmamıştır. Testlerin güvenirliğinin belirlenmesi ve diğer çalışmalar ile karşılaştırılması için sınıf içi korelasyon katsayısı (ICC): 0,945-0,993; değişim katsayısı (CV): %1,25-3,33; ölçümlerin tipik hatası (TEM): 0,84-2,25; minimum anlamlı değişim (SWC): 0,97-2,25; Pearson korelasyon katsayısı (r): 0,919-0,988; Etki boyutu (ES): 0,01-0,34 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Sonuç olarak 1TM, 5TM ve 10TM testlerinin tamamının güvenilirlik analizlerinin yüksek olduğu, ancak küçük kas gruplarını içeren biceps curl ve triceps extension egzersizlerinin 1TM testlerinde iki ölçüm arasında anlamlı fark olduğu bulunmuştur. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmada antrenman seviyesi düşük bireylerde 1TM testinin güvenirliğinin sağlanması için en az iki testin yapılması tavsiye edilmektedir.

Keywords

• Üst gövde,direnç egzersizleri,güvenirlik,testler

Reliability of 1RM, 5RM and 10RM Tests in Upper Body Resistance Exercises

Abstract

Research designs that examine the effect of training or similar intervention in sports sciences are widely used. In such designs, the reliability of the data obtained from the pre-test or post-test is very important. The aim of this study is to examine the reliability of 1RM (1 repeat maximum), 5RM and 10RM tests in upper body exercises (bench press, shoulder press, biceps curl and triceps extension). 23 male who have low (1 year or less) training experience participated in this study voluntarily. After one familiarization training, 1RM, 5RM and 10RM tests for four different exercises were applied two times in two-three days intervals. Differences between two measurements and test-retest reliability were analyzed. According to the results, in total 12 tests, the significant difference was found between first test and second test in two tests (BC 1RM and TE 1RM), whereas there was no significant difference between the measurements in the other 10 tests. To determine the reliability of the tests and compare with other studies, Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC): 0.945-0.993; coefficient of variation (CV): 1.25-3.33%; typical error of measurements (TEM): 0.84-2.25; smallest worthwhile change (SWC): 0.97-2.25; Pearson correlation coefficient (r): 0.919-0.988; Effect size (ES): 0.01-0.34 were calculated. As a result, 1RM, 5RM and 10RM tests were found to have high reliability, but it was found that there was the significant difference between 1RM test-retest in biceps curl and triceps extension exercises involving small muscle groups. Therefore, in this study, it has been recommended to perform at least two tests to ensure the reliability of the 1RM test in individuals who have low training levels

Keywords

• Upper body,resistance exercises,reliability,tests

References

1. Atkinson, G., ve Nevill, A. (2000). Measures of reliability in sports medicine and science. Sports Medicine, 30(5), 375-381.
2. Balsamo, S., Tibana, R. A., da Cunha Nascimento, D., de Farias, G. L., Petruccelli, Z., de Santana, F. d. S., . . . de Souza, J. C. (2012). Exercise order affects the total training volume and the ratings of perceived exertion in response to a super-set resistance training session. International Journal of General Medicine, 5, 123.
3. Banyard, H. G., Nosaka, K., ve Haff, G. G. (2017). Reliability and validity of the load–velocity relationship to predict the 1RM back squat. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31(7), 1897-1904.
4. Buchheit, M. (2018). Magnitudes matter more than Beetroot Juice. Sport Perform. Sci. Rep, 15.
5. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for The Behavioral Sciences. 2nd: Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
6. Colquhoun, R. J., Gai, C. M., Aguilar, D., Bove, D., Dolan, J., Vargas, A., . . . Campbell, B. I. (2018). Training volume, not frequency, indicative of maximal strength adaptations to resistance training. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 32(5), 1207-1213.
7. Coyne, J. O., Tran, T. T., Secomb, J. L., Lundgren, L., Farley, O. R., Newton, R. U., ve Sheppard, J. M. (2015). Reliability of pull up ve dip maximal strength tests. J Aust Strength Cond, 23, 21-27.
8. Dias, I., de Salles, B. F., Novaes, J., Costa, P. B., ve Simão, R. (2010). Influence of exercise order on maximum strength in untrained young men. Journal of Science And Medicine In Sport, 13(1), 65-69.

9. do Nascimento, M. A., Januário, R. S. B., Gerage, A. M., Mayhew, J. L., Pina, F. L. C., ve Cyrino, E. S. (2013). Familiarization and reliability of one repetition maximum strength testing in older women. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 27(6), 1636-1642.
10. do Nascimento, M. A., Ribeiro, A. S., de Souza Padilha, C., da Silva, D. R. P., Mayhew, J. L., do Amaral Campos Filho, M. G., ve Cyrino, E. S. (2017). Reliability and smallest worthwhile difference in 1RM tests according to previous resistance training experience in young women. Biology of Sport, 34(3), 279-285.
11. Faigenbaum, A. D., McFarland, J. E., Herman, R., Naclerio, F., Ratamess, N. A., Kang, J., ve Myer, G. D. (2012). Reliability of the one repetition-maximum power clean test in adolescent athletes. Journal of strength and conditioning research/National Strength and Conditioning Association, 26(2), 432.
12. Gail, S., ve Künzell, S. (2014). Reliability of a 5-repetition maximum strength test in recreational athletes. Deutsche Zeitschrift Für Sportmedizin, 65(11).
13. Hopkins, W. G. (2000). Measures of reliability in sports medicine and science. Sports medicine, 30(1), 1-15.
14. Hopkins, W. G. (2004). How to interpret changes in an athletic performance test. Sportscience, 8(1), 1-7.
15. Hopkins, W. G. (2017). A spreadsheet for monitoring an individual's changes and trend. Sportscience, 21(5-9), 10.
16. Levinger, I., Goodman, C., Hare, D. L., Jerums, G., Toia, D., ve Selig, S. (2009). The reliability of the 1RM strength test for untrained middle-aged individuals. Journal of Science And Medicine in Sport, 12(2), 310-316.
17. Marocolo, M., Marocolo, I. C., Cunha, F. S. B., da Mota, G. R., ve Maior, A. S. (2016). Influence of percentage of 1RM strength test on repetition performance during resistance exercise of upper and lower limbs. Arch. med. deporte, 33(176), 387-392.
18. McCurdy, K., Langford, G., Jenkerson, D., ve Doscher, M. (2008). The validity and reliability of the 1RM bench press using chain-loaded resistance. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 22(3), 678-683.
19. McCurdy, K., Langford, G. A., Cline, A. L., Doscher, M., ve Hoff, R. (2004). The reliability of 1-and 3RM tests of unilateral strength in trained and untrained men and women. Journal of sports science and medicine, 3(3), 190.
20. Monteiro, E. R., ve Neto, V. G. C. (2016). Effect of different foam rolling volumes on knee extension fatigue. International journal of sports physical therapy, 11(7), 1076.
21. Rajkumar, R., ve Divya, K. (2018). Impact of specific training on selected speed, explosive power and muscular strength parameters among school men handball players. Indian Journal of Applied Research, 7(9).
22. Reynolds, J. M., Gordon, T. J., ve Robergs, R. A. (2006). Prediction of one repetition maximum strength from multiple repetition maximum testing and anthropometry. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 20(3), 584-592.
23. Ribeiro, A. S., Schoenfeld, B. J., Fleck, S. J., Pina, F. L., Nascimento, M. A., ve Cyrino, E. S. (2017). Effects of traditional and pyramidal resistance training systems on muscular strength, muscle mass, and hormonal responses in older women: a randomized crossover trial. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31(7), 1888-1896.
24. Ritti-Dias, R. M., Avelar, A., Salvador, E. P., ve Cyrino, E. S. (2011). Influence of previous experience on resistance training on reliability of one-repetition maximum test. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 25(5), 1418-1422.
25. Saraiva, A. R., Reis, V. M., Costa, P. B., Bentes, C. M., e Silva, G. V. C., ve Novaes, J. S. (2014). Chronic effects of different resistance training exercise orders on flexibility in elite judo athletes. Journal of Human Kinetics, 40(1), 129-137.
26. Seo, D.-i., Kim, E., Fahs, C. A., Rossow, L., Young, K., Ferguson, S. L., . . . Kim, D. (2012). Reliability of the one-repetition maximum test based on muscle group and gender. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 11(2), 221.
27. Simão, R., Farinatti, P. d. T. V., Polito, M. D., Maior, A. S., ve Fleck, S. J. (2005). Influence of exercise order on the number of repetitions performed and perceived exertion during resistance exercises. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 19(1), 152-156.
28. Taylor, J. D., ve Fletcher, J. P. (2012). Reliability of the 8-repetition maximum test in men and women. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 15(1), 69-73.
29. Weir, J. P. (2005). Quantifying test-retest reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient and the SEM. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 19(1), 231-240.
30. Worts, P. R., Schatz, P., ve Burkhart, S. O. (2018). Test performance and test-retest reliability of the vestibular/Ocular motor screening and King-Devick test in adolescent athletes during a competitive sport season. The American journal of sports medicine, 46(8), 2004-2010.