Tieion Akropolisi

Year 2021, Volume: 85 Issue: 303, 383 - 422, 17.08.2021

Şahin Yıldırım

https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2021.383

Abstract

Tieion antik kenti, Karadeniz kıyısının batı kesiminde, Kimi antik çağ yazarları tarafından Bithynia ile Paphlagonia arasında sınır olarak kabul edilen Billaos nehrinin (Filyos) hemen yakınında yer almaktadır. Yerleşim, antik ve modern kaynaklar tarafından MÖ 7. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında, Tios adında Miletoslu bir rahibin önderliğinde kurulmuş bir Miletos kolonisi olarak nitelendirilmektedir. Tieion Akropolisinde kazılar sonucunda ortaya çıkarılan MÖ 7. ve 6. yüzyıllara tarihlendirilen İonia seramikleri, yerleşimin Miletos tarafından kurulduğunu doğrulamaktadır. Bununla birlikte önemli bir liman kenti olan Tieion, Karadeniz’in ticaret yolları üzerinde, balıkçılık, şarap üretimi ve tahıl yetiştiriciliğinin ön plana çıktığı bir yerdi. Antik limanın mendirekleri, akropolisteki tapınağı, hamamları, su kemerleri ve tiyatrosuyla Tieion, tipik bir Roma kenti görünümündedir. Yukarı şehir çevresinde son yıllarda yürütülen kazı çalışmalarında kentin kuruluş dönemlerine ait yapı kalıntılarına rastlanmıştır. Bu yapılar dikdörtgen ya da yuvarlak şekilde açılmış bir çukurun içinde iptidai şekilde inşa edilmiş konutlardan oluşmaktadır. Bu konutların içlerinde ve çevrelerinde yapılan çalışmalarda, MÖ 7. yüzyılın son çeyreğine tarihlendirilen, Miletos yapımı Orta Yaban Keçisi II evresi olarak tanımlanan seramik parçaları bulunmuştur. Bu seramik gurubu ile aynı tabakalarda yerel olarak üretilmiş Phryg menşeili koyu gri, siyah ve kahverengi astarlı seramikler de ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Akropoldeki P1 konutunda ise Grek Koloni Çağı tabakalarının hemen altında, olasılıkla Attika Geç Geometrik Dönemi’ne tarihlendirilen pişmiş toprak bir at heykelciği parçası ile karşılaşılmıştır. Bir diğer at figürini parçası da aynı konutta başka bir lokasyonda bulunmuştur ancak, bu ikinci örnek gerek kil yapısı gerekse de stil bakımından yerel üretim olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca bu figürinlerle birlikte çok sayıda yerel imalat çanak çömlek de ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Böylece, Güney Karadeniz’de Grek Koloni Çağı ve Koloni Çağı öncesine dair somut kanıtlar ilk defa elde edilmiştir.

Keywords

Karadeniz, Grek Kolonizasyonu, Frig, Akropolis, Oikist

The Acropolis of Tieion

Abstract

The ancient city of Tieion is located on the western region of the Southern Black Sea littoral, next to the Billaos river (Filyos) which was considered as the border between Bithynia and Paphlagonia. It is known as a Milesean colony, which was founded in the second half of the seventh century BC. It is believed that this colony was founded by a priest called Tios in the 7th century BC. Ionian pottery, excavated on the acropolis of Tieion, dated to the 7th/6th Century BC confirms the written sources that Miletus was the founder of the city. As a harbour city Tieion was situated on the sea route of the Black Sea trading with fish, wine and grain. Tieion looks like a typical Roman city with the breakwater of the ancient harbor, the temple in the acropolis, baths, aqueducts and theater. As a result of the recent archaeological excavations carried out in the vicinity of the acropolis, the ruins of various buildings belonging to the foundation periods of the city were encountered. These structures which were formed by the underground pits that have meshed stone masonry within, constitutes round, oval and rectangular forms. During the studies conducted in and around these structures; the Middle Wild Goat II style ceramics which dating to the last quarter of the 7th century BC and the local productions in dark gray, black and brown wares some of which handmade were also uncovered. Therewithal in the archaeological strata located just below the colonial levels, the terracotta horse figurine fragments dated to the Late Geometric Period and a large amount of local pottery samples were obtained. Thus, the concrete evidences on Greek Colonization of the Southern Black Sea have been acquired.

Keywords

Black Sea, Greek Colonization, Phryg, Acropolis, Oikist

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