In this study two formed double-faced female head pendants, one was obtained from the Tlos excavations and the
other is already exhibited in Silifke Museum, were researched. The first pendant was founded from the stadium
excavations in Tlos, one of the important cities in Lycia region. However, the other one, not known the exact findspot
due to acquiring by buying, is a part of the archeological collection in Silifke Museum. Both of them have been made
by rod-formed and pressing glass technics from dark blue glass. The frontal depicted female head with Egypt-wig,
repeated on both the obverse and the reverse side, can be seen on them. The objects have been used as a pendant
according to Silifke example, ending with a ring at the top. On the other hand, the examples without having a ring,
can be suggested that they must have been used as a pin head because of the hole, which is slightly off center and
continued through neck. Both examples have a characteristic of orient pendants with double-faced amulet groups,
disappeared from a wide area due to Mediterranean trade. Moreover, the double-faced male pendant with moustache
and beard as a version of female pendant is known.
Up till now the most comprehensive study about double-faced male and female pendants has been done by Haevernick.
In her study, she suggested that the origin of these pendants was Carthage, colonized by Phoenicians at the 9th century
BC., and they should be dated to the 4th century BC.
The double-faced pendants obtained from Egypt, Levant, West Anatolia, the shore of Black Sea, Greece, Sicily and
Spain are a different version based on human-faced amulets in Phoenicians art at the 7th century BC. It is thought
that these female pendants, having simple form without any goddess symbol, symbolize Tanit in Carthage religion
while Astarte in Phoenicians religion.
Consequently, the pendants researched within the scope of this paper have been used as amulets, protecting humans
from evil other than just being ornamental objects. In terms of the dispersion area, these pendants have been mainly
found in the coastal cities related with Mediterranean trade. Double faced female pendants from Tlos and Silifke
are very important with regard to both the dispersion area and the variety of typology represented by 8 samples in
Anatolia until now.
Bu çalışmada biri kazı buluntusu diğeri ise müze eseri olmak üzere 2 adet çift yüzlü kadın başı biçimli pendant
incelenmiştir. Eserlerden ilki Likya Bölgesi’nin önemli yerleşimlerinden Tlos Antik Kenti’nin stadyum kazılarında ele
geçmiştir. Diğeri ise Silifke Müzesi koleksiyonunda yer almakta olup satın alma yoluyla müzeye kazandırılmıştır. Koyu
mavi renkli camdan yapılan her iki eser çubuğa sarma ve baskı-kalıp tekniğinde yapılmıştır. Cepheden betimlenmiş
Mısır perukalı kadın figürü ön ve arka yüzde tekrarlanmıştır. Silifke örneğinde korunan askı halkasından da anlaşıldığı
üzere bu objeler kolye sarkacı olarak boyunda taşınmıştır. Askı halkasız örneklerin ise boynun bitiminde başlayan ve
buruna kadar devam eden kanal nedeniyle iğne süsü olarak kullanıldıkları önerilmiştir.
Doğu sanatının özeliklerini taşıyan her iki eser Akdeniz ticaretinin de etkisiyle geniş bir alana yayılan çift yüzlü kadın
amuleti grubuna girmektedir. Bu grubun sakallı ve bıyıklı betimlenen erkek versiyonları da üretilmiştir.
Çift yüzlü kadın ve erkek pendantlarına yönelik olarak hazırlanan en kapsamlı çalışma 1968 yılında Haevernick
tarafından yapılmıştır. Söz konusu yayında MÖ 4. yüzyıl içerisinde tarihlenen pendantların çıkış noktası olarak bir
Fenike kolonisi olan Kartaca önerilmiştir. Mısır, Levant Kıyıları, Batı Anadolu, Karadeniz Kıyıları, Yunanistan,
Sicilya ve İspanya’da ele geçen çift yüzlü amuletler Fenike sanatında MÖ 7. yüzyıla kadar uzanan insan yüzlü
amulet geleneğinin farklı yorumlanmış biçimidir. Yalın betimlenen ve herhangi bir tanrıça simgesi taşımayan bu
kadın figürlerinin Fenike dininde Astarte, Kartaca dinin de ise Tanit’i simgelediği düşünülmektedir.
Sonuç olarak makale kapsamında irdelenen eserler estetik kaygının ötesinde takan kişiyi kötülüklerden koruduğuna
inanılan amulet işlevi taşımıştır. Objelerin yayılım alanına bakıldığında ticaretle bağlantılı olarak kıyı kentlerinde
yoğunluk gösterdiği dikkat çeker. Tlos ve Silifke amuletleri Anadolu’da bugüne kadar 8 örnekle temsil edilen bu
malzeme grubunun yayılım alanı ve tipolojisini çeşitlemesi açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Archaeology of Europe, The Mediterranean and The Levant |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Submission Date | November 26, 2015 |
| Publication Date | March 1, 2017 |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.22520/tubaar.2017.20.006 |
| IZ | https://izlik.org/JA27YN72GT |
| Published in Issue | Year 2017 Issue: 20 |
Publisher
Vedat Dalokay Caddesi No: 112 Çankaya 06670 ANKARA
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