The Characteristics of Indigo, Its Use in Oil Paintings and Examination of Its Degradation

Abstract

The subject of this study is to examine the causes of deterioration that occur over time when natural and synthetic indigo dyes are used on different surfaces, especially oil paintings, the possible mechanisms of deterioration, and the structure of the deterioration products. Additionally, this study encompasses the natural sources of these dyes and pigments, their properties, chemical structures, historical contexts, and the analytical methods and techniques used to identify them to date. In oil paintings, various factors can lead to the deterioration of indigo. These factors include the quality of the indigo itself, the proportion of active ingredients it contains, the method of pigment preparation, and whether it is used in the top or bottom layer of the paintings. Additionally, the technique used, such as glaze, its mixture with other materials such as lead white or chalk, and the way it is applied to the surface can also contribute to its degradation. Among the various factors mentioned, the primary cause of color fading, dulling, and deterioration in indigo blue is exposure to natural and artificial light sources. This status has been known for many years by artists, painters, curators, researchers, and conservation specialists who work with these paints. Investigations revealed that works in this area were limited, and there was no comprehensive study conducted at the national level. It is believed that this study will provide a better understanding of the problems associated with these paints and pigments in our country, and it will be particularly beneficial for painting and artwork conservation specialists, museum staff who house these works, painters, and artists.

Keywords

• Indigo
• Indigo Blue
• Oil Painting
• Color Fading
• Conservation-Restoration

Çivit Mavisinin Özellikleri, Yağlı Boya Resimlerde Kullanımı ve Bozulmasının İncelenmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın konusu, doğal ve sentetik indigo boyalarının başta yağlı boya resimler olmak üzere farklı yüzeylerde kullanıldığında zamanla meydana gelen bozulmaların nedenlerini, olası bozulma mekanizmaları ve bozulma ürünlerinin yapısını incelemektir. Bunun yanı sıra, bu boya ve pigmentlerin elde edildiği doğal kaynaklar, özellikleri, kimyasal yapıları, tarihçeleri ve tespit için günümüze kadar uygulanmış analiz yöntem ve teknikler de çalışmanın kapsamını oluşturmaktadır. Yağlı boya resimlerde çeşitli faktörler indigonun bozulmasına yol açabilmektedir. Bu faktörler arasında indigonun kalitesi, içerdiği aktif bileşenlerin oranı, pigment hazırlama yöntemi ve resimlerde üst ya da alt katmanda kullanılmış olması yer alır. Ayrıca, gılaze gibi kullanıldığı teknik, kurşun beyazı ve tebeşir beyazı gibi diğer malzemelerle karışımı ve yüzeye uygulanma şekli de bozulmasına katkıda bulunabilir. Bu sayılan nedenlerin yanında çivit mavisinin renk solması, renk matlaşması ve/veya renk bozulmasının en önemli sebebi doğal ve yapay ışık kaynaklarıdır. Bu durum, bu boyalarla çalışan sanatçı, ressam, müzeci, araştırmacı ve koruma uzmanları tarafından uzun yıllardır bilinmektedir. Yapılan incelemeler, bu alanda gerçekleştirilen çalışmaların oldukça sınırlı olduğunu ve ulusal düzeyde bütüncül bir çalışmanın bulunmadığını göstermiştir. Bu çalışma ile ülkemizde söz konusu boya ve pigmentlere ilişkin sorunların daha iyi anlaşılması ve özellikle resim koruma uzmanları, bu eserleri barındıran müze personelleri, ressam ve sanatçılara yarar sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

• Indigo
• Çivit Mavisi
• Yağlı Boya Resim
• Renk Solması
• Koruma-Onarım

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