Research Article

PHRYGIAN TRACES IN BİLECİK AND VEZIRHAN STELE

Number: 28 September 14, 2021
DE EN TR

PHRYGIAN TRACES IN BİLECİK AND VEZIRHAN STELE

Abstract

This article investigates the Bilecik region, which is located between Mysia, Bithynia and Phrygia in north-western Anatolia, during the pre-Hellenistic period, the 1st millennium BC. The paper aims at understanding the cultural identities of people who inhabited the region by interpreting ancient sources, archaeological evidence and epigraphic data together. Moreover, it analyses the Vezirhan stele stylistically, which was found in the region during the early 1970s. Analogies have shown that the reliefs include both eastern and western elements and the stele has been proposed to be dated to the end of the 5th century BC. The Vezirhan stele with the Old Phrygian and Greek inscriptions and the Fıranlar stele, another Old Phrygian inscription, prove the Phrygian presence in the region. In addition to these, recent archaeological data, including the Iron Age settlements represented by the so-called “Phrygian Grey”, imported wares and tumuli, is evaluated to shed light on the spread of the Phrygian culture, the settlement patterns and land use in the region. When all the data from the Bilecik region is evaluated, it can be understood that the southern half of the region was a part of the Phrygian core land. Despite the lacking consistent data from the northern part, the Phrygians might have inhabited small rural settlements or might have lived as nomadic tribes in the region.

Keywords

Thanks

Bu makalenin hazırlanması aşamasında sağladıkları kütüphane imkânları dolayısıyla Alman Arkeoloji Enstitüsü, İstanbul Şubesi Müdürlüğü’ne ve ilgili kütüphanenin çalışanlarına, bir kısmı yayınlanmamış olan verileri benimle paylaşan Bilecik İli Arkeoloji Yüzey Araştırması başkanı Doç. Dr. Deniz SARI’ya ve ekibin üyesi Ark. Fadime ARSLAN’a, Hellence çeviriler ve tüm diğer katkıları için Arş. Gör. Haralambos NİKOLAYİDİS’e teşekkür ederim.

References

  1. ANCIENT SOURCES APOLLONIUS RHODIUS Argonautika, A. Çokona (tr.), İstanbul 2018.
  2. HERODOTUS. Tarih, M. Ökmen (tr.), İstanbul, 2019.
  3. HOMER. İlyada, A. Erhat, A. Kadir (tr.), İstanbul, 2014.
  4. MEMNON. Herakleia Pontike Tarihi, M. Arslan (tr.), İstanbul, 2007.
  5. PSEUDO-SKYLAX. “Periplous”, M. Arslan (tr.), Mediterranean Journal of Humanities/II-1, 2012: 239-257.
  6. STRABO. The Geography of Strabo, H. C. Hamilton, W. Falconer (tr.), London, 1903.
  7. XENOPHON. Anabasis, A. Çokona (tr.), İstanbul, 2015.
  8. MODERN SOURCES ACKERMAN, R. 1938. “Achaemenid Seals”, A Survey for Persian Art from Prehistoric Times to the Present Volume I: Pre-Achaemenid, Achaemenid, Parthian and Sasanian Periods, (Ed. A. U. Pope), Oxford University Press, London and New York: 383-393.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Archaeology

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

September 14, 2021

Submission Date

February 20, 2021

Acceptance Date

May 14, 2021

Published in Issue

Year 2021 Number: 28

APA
Erpehlivan, H. (2021). PHRYGIAN TRACES IN BİLECİK AND VEZIRHAN STELE. TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi, 28, 155-174. https://doi.org/10.22520/tubaar.2021.28.008
AMA
1.Erpehlivan H. PHRYGIAN TRACES IN BİLECİK AND VEZIRHAN STELE. TÜBA-AR. 2021;(28):155-174. doi:10.22520/tubaar.2021.28.008
Chicago
Erpehlivan, Hüseyin. 2021. “PHRYGIAN TRACES IN BİLECİK AND VEZIRHAN STELE”. TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi, nos. 28: 155-74. https://doi.org/10.22520/tubaar.2021.28.008.
EndNote
Erpehlivan H (September 1, 2021) PHRYGIAN TRACES IN BİLECİK AND VEZIRHAN STELE. TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi 28 155–174.
IEEE
[1]H. Erpehlivan, “PHRYGIAN TRACES IN BİLECİK AND VEZIRHAN STELE”, TÜBA-AR, no. 28, pp. 155–174, Sept. 2021, doi: 10.22520/tubaar.2021.28.008.
ISNAD
Erpehlivan, Hüseyin. “PHRYGIAN TRACES IN BİLECİK AND VEZIRHAN STELE”. TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi. 28 (September 1, 2021): 155-174. https://doi.org/10.22520/tubaar.2021.28.008.
JAMA
1.Erpehlivan H. PHRYGIAN TRACES IN BİLECİK AND VEZIRHAN STELE. TÜBA-AR. 2021;:155–174.
MLA
Erpehlivan, Hüseyin. “PHRYGIAN TRACES IN BİLECİK AND VEZIRHAN STELE”. TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi, no. 28, Sept. 2021, pp. 155-74, doi:10.22520/tubaar.2021.28.008.
Vancouver
1.Hüseyin Erpehlivan. PHRYGIAN TRACES IN BİLECİK AND VEZIRHAN STELE. TÜBA-AR. 2021 Sep. 1;(28):155-74. doi:10.22520/tubaar.2021.28.008

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