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Amastrİs Amasra Antİk KentİNDE Arkeolojİk Tespİtler

Year 2019, Issue: 24, 169 - 188, 01.01.2019

Fatma Bağdatlı Çam Ali Bora Handan B. Altunkayalıer

Abstract

Paphlagonia Bölgesi’nin kıyı kesiminde, Herakleia Pontike ve Tieion antik kentlerinin doğusunda yer alan önemli bir liman kenti olan Amastris, Yunan koloni çağında Sesamos adıyla kurulmuştur. Hellenistik Dönemden itibaren bölgedeki stratejik konumunu Orta Çağa kadar korumayı başarmış olan Amastris antik kentine dair günümüze korunabilmiş en önemli yapı, Kale yapısıdır. 19. yüzyıldan itibaren bu yönüyle Avrupalı Seyyahların ve 20. yüzyılda da bilim insanlarının dikkatini çekmeyi başarmıştır. Çalışmamızda Amastris Antik kentinin Kale yapısı ve sur mimarisine yönelik tespitlerin yanı sıra, kale yapısının içerisinde, Boztepe Mevkiindeki kaya tapınımına dair kanıtlar, Amasra çevresindeki benzer yapıların varlığı değerlendirilmektedir. Buna ek olarak Tekketepe Mevkiinde, kentin Tunç Dönemine kadar erken bir tarihe uzanmasını sağlayacak kanıtlar sunulmaktadır. Günümüz antik kentlerinin birçoğunda olduğu gibi, antik izlerin modern yerleşimin altında yok oluşunun kanıtı olarak, İlçe çöplüğüne atılmış bir ya da bir kaç inşaatın molozları içerisinde antik mimari bloklar arasında Roma Lejyon komutanlığı yapmış bir kişinin yazıtının tespiti yer almaktadır. Paphlagonia’nın en önemli kentlerinden biri olan Amastris’in bilinmeyen tarihine ışık tutacak bu kanıtların, ilerleyen yıllardaki çalışmalarla artacağı anlaşılmaktadır.

Keywords

Paphlagonia Bartın Sesamos Amastris Ana Kaya Anıtı.

References

  • RE Paulus Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft (RE). Stuttgart. 1894.
  • SNG Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum
  • ARRIAN, Arrianus’un Karadeniz Seyahati (Periblus Ponti Euxin), (Çev. M. Arslan). İstanbul, 2005.
  • HOMEROS İlyada (Çev. A.Erhat/A.Kadir). İstanbul, 1984.
  • MEMNON Herakleia Pontike Tarihi (Çev. M. Arslan). İstanbul, 2007.
  • APOLLONIOS RHODIOS The Argonautika: Expanded Edition (Trans. P. Green). London, 2007.
  • STRABON Geographika, Antik Anadolu Coğrafyası, (Çev. A. Pekman). İstanbul, 2000.
  • PSEUDO SKYLAX Pseudo-Skylax’s Periplous: The Circumnavigation of the Inhabited World. Text, Translation, and Commentary (Exeter, 2011), Liverpool, 2017.
  • STEPHANUS BYZANTIUS Stephani Byzantii Ethnica. Volumen I: Α–Γ, Ed. M.Billerbeck, Corpus Fontıum Hıstoriae Byzantinae, Walter De Gruyter, Berlin, 2006.
  • PLINIUS SECUNDUS Naturkunde, Buch V (Ed. G. Winkler). München, 1993.
  • PLINIUS SECUNDUS Epistulae, 10.Kitap: Genç Plinius’un Anadolu Mektupları (Çev. Ç. Dürüşken/E. Özbayoğlu). İstanbul, 2001.
  • QUINTIUS CURTIUS [History of Alexander] with an English translation by John C. Rolfe. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/ pt?id=mdp.39015008158415;view=1up;seq=193; size=125 (26.04.2016)
  • AINSWORTH, W., 1839 “Notes on a Journey from Constantinople, by Heraclea, to Angora, in theAutumn of 1838”, Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London 9: 216-276.
  • ARSLAN, M., 2012 “Küçük Asya Yerel Historiograflarına Bir Örnek: Herakleia Pontike’li Memnon ve Eseri”, OLBA XX: 383-406.
  • BAĞDATLI ÇAM, F., 2016 “Paphlagonia’da Bir Pers Prensesi : Amastris/ A Persian Princess in Paphlagonia: Amastris”, Bartın Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 1/2: 31-46.
  • BELKE, K., 1996 Tabula Imperii Byzantini 9. Paphlagonien und Honorias. Wien.
  • BORE, E., 1840 Correspondence and Memoirs of an Oriental Traveller. Paris.
  • BRYER, A./WINFIELD, D., 1985 The Byzantine Monuments and Topography of the Pontos. Washington.
  • BURSTEIN, S., 1976 Outpost of Hellenism. The Emergence of Herakleia on the Black Sea. Berkeley.
  • CALLATAY, F., 2004 “Le premier monnayage de la cité d’Amastris (Paphlagonie)”, Schweizerische Numismatische Rundschau, Band 83: 57-80, Pl.9-11.
  • CLAVIJO, R.G.de., 1859 Narrative of Embassy of Ruy Gonzalez de Clavijo to the Court of Timour at Samarcand, AD 1403-6. London.
  • CRESSWELL, K. A. C., 1952 “Fortification in Islam before A.D. 1250”, Proceedings of the British Academy 38: 99–108.
  • CROW, J, 2017a, “Amastris”, in The Archaeology of Byzantine Archaeology. From the end of Late Antiquity until the Coming of the Turks (Ed. P. Niewöhner). Oxford: 389-394.
  • CROW, J., 2017b, “Fortifications”, in The Archaeology of Byzantine Archaeology. From the end of LAte Antiquity until the coming of the Turks (Ed. P. Niewöhner). Oxford: 2017, 90-108.
  • CROW, J. / HILL, S., 1995. “The Byzantine Fortifications of Amastris in Paphlagonia”, Anatolian Studies 45: 251-2
  • DOKSANALTI, M.E., 2012 “Open air Cult Sites in Eastern Pontus Region”, ANADOS 12/2012: 62-78.
  • DOONAN O., H. VURAL, vd., 2017 “Sinop Kalesi. Archaeological Excavations. 2015-2016 Field Seasons”, in The Archaeology of Anatolia: Recent Discoveries Vol. 2 (Eds. S. Steadman/G. McMahon). Cambridge: 178-199.
  • DRAKOULIS, D. P., 2012 “Regional Transformations and the Settlement Network of the Coastal Pontic Provinces in the Early Byzantine period”, in: The Black Sea, Paphlagonia, Pontus and Phrygia in Antiquity Aspects of archaeology and ancient history (Ed. G.R. Tsetskhladze). BAR International Series 2432.Oxford: 79-96.
  • ERCİYAS, D. B., 2001 Studies in The Archaeology of Hellenistic Pontus: The Settlements, Monuments, and Coinage of Mithradates VI and His Predecessors (Electronic Thesisor Dissertation). University of Cincinnati, https://etd.ohiolink.edu/
  • EVLİYA ÇELEBİ Evliya Çelebi Seyahatnamesi: Bursa-Bolu-Trabzon-Erzurum- Azerbeycan-Kafkasya-Kırım-Girit. 2. Kitap. 1. Cilt (Haz. Y. Dağlı/S.A.Kahraman). İstanbul, 2011.
  • EYİCE, S., 1953 “Amasra’da Cenova Hakimiyeti Devrine ait Armalı bir Levha”, Belleten, XVII/65: 27-40.
  • EYİCE, S.,1965, Küçük Amasra Tarihi ve Eski Eserleri Kılavuzu. Ankara.
  • FARNELL, L.R., 1896 The Cults of the Greek States. Vol. I. Oxford.
  • FLETCHER, W.G., 1939 “The Pontic Cities of Pompey the Great”, Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association 70: 17-29.
  • FOSS, C., 1995 “Map 86 Paphlagonia”, Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World: (Eds. J. Richard /A. Talbert), Vol. 1, Princeton: 1217-1225.
  • FOSS C/WINFIELD, D., 1986 Byzantine Fortifications: An Introduction. Pretoria.
  • FRENCH, D., 2013, Roman Roads and Milestones of Asia Minor. Vol. 3: Milestones, Fasc. 3.4: Pontus et Bithynia (with Northern Galatia). Ankara.
  • HILL, S., 1989, “Preliminary Survey at Amasra, Zonguldak”, VII. Araştırma Sonuçları Toplantısı. Antalya: 81-91.
  • HILL, S., 1990, “Survey Work at Amasra, 1989”, VIII. Araştırma Sonuçları Toplantısı. Ankara: 311-321.
  • HILL, S./CROW, J., 1992, “Amasra, Yüzey Araştırması 1990”, IX Araştırma Sonuçları Toplantısı, Çanakkale - 27·31 Mayıs 1991, Ankara: 83-92.
  • HILL, S./ CROW, J., 1993, “1991 Yılı Amasra Yüzey Araştırması”, X. Araştırma Sonuçları Toplantısı, Ankara -25-29 Mayıs 1992, Ankara: 19-27.
  • HIRSCHFELD, G., 1888 Inschriftenaus dem Norden Kleinasiens besonders aus Bithynien und Paphlagonien. Sb.Ak.Wiss.Berlin, phil.-hist. Kl.1888, II, 863-892.
  • HOFFMAN, A., 1989 “Zum ‘Bedesten’ in Amastris. Ein römischer Marktbau?”, Istanbuler Mitteilungen 39: 197–210.
  • JOHNSON, P., 2010 Landscapes of Achaemenid Paphlagonia, (diss.) Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania.
  • MAGIE, D., 1950, Roman Rule in Asia Minor. To The end of The Third Century After Christ. Princeton.
  • MANOLEDAKIS, M., 2018 “The Early Greek Presence in the Southern Black Sea”, Essays on the Archaeology and Ancient History of the Black Sea Littoral in (Eds. M. Manoledakis/G.R. Tsetskhladza/I. Xydopoulos), Bristol: 173-242.
  • MAREK, C., 1989 “Amastris. Geschichte, Topographie, archäologische Reste,” Istanbuler Mitteilungen 39: 373-389.
  • MAREK, C., 1993 Stadt, Ära und Territorium in Pontus Bithynia und Nord-Galatia. Istanbuler Forschungen Band 39. Tübingen.
  • MAREK, C., 2003 Pontus et Bithynia. Die römischen Provinzen im Norden Kleinasiens. Mainz.
  • MENDEL, G., 1901 “Inscriptions de Bithynie”, BCH 25: 5-92.
  • METİN, H., 2014 “Kremna Antik Kenti Kuzey Yayılımı Hakkında İlk Gözlemler”, MEÜ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 6/11: 2014, 1-27.
  • OLBRYCHT, M. J., 2014, “An Admirer of Persian Ways’: Alexander The Great’s Reforms in Parthia-Hyrcania and The Iranian Heritage”, Excavating an Empire. Achaemenid Persia in Longue Durée (Eds. T. Daryaee/A. Mousavi/K. Rezakhani) California: 37-62.
  • QUIRINI-POP£AWSKI, R., 2012 “Art in the Genoese Colonies on the Black Sea (in the 13-15th c.). Present State of Knowledge and Selected Research Problems”, BIULETYN HISTORII SZTUKI, LXXIV/3-4: 425-472.
  • ROBERT, L, 1980, A travers L’ Asie Mineure. Poetes et Prosateurs, Monnaies Grecques. Voyageurs et Geographie. Paris.
  • ROLLER, L.E., 2004 Ana Tanrıçanın İzinde. Anadolu Kybele Kültü (Çev. B. Avunç). İstanbul.
  • SAKAOĞLU, N., 1987 Çeşm-i Cihan. Amastris. İstanbul.
  • ŠČEGLOV, A. N., 1986 “Les amphores timbrées d’Amastris”, in Empereur, J. and Garlan, Y., Récherches sur les amphores grecques, Bulletin de correspondence Hellénique. Supplement 13: 365–73.
  • SPARKES,B. A.- TALCOTT, L.,1970, Athenian Agora XII, Part1 Text, Part 2. Plates.
  • STOLBA, V., 2003 “Some Reflections on the Amphora Stamps With the Name of Amastris”, in: The Cauldron of Ariantas. Studies Presented to A.N. Ščeglov on the Occasion of his 70th Birthday. Aarhus: 279-301.
  • YILDIRIM, Ş., 2019, “A Great Tumulus From Paphlagonia” (Baskıda)
  • TAMSÜ POLAT, R., 2010 “Yeni Buluntular Işığında Phryg Kaya Altarları ve Bir Tipoloji Önerisi”, Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 10: 203-222.
  • TEFFETELLER, A., 2012 “Strategies of Continuity in the Construction of Ethnic and Cultural Identity: The Lineage and Role of Zeus Stratios in Pontus and Paphlagonia”, The Black Sea, Paphlagonia, Pontus and Phrygia in Antiquity (Ed. G.R. Tsetskhladze), BAR Int.Series 2432. Oxford: 223-227.
  • TEMUR, A., 2014 “Amasya Yassıkaya Açık Hava Tapınım Alanı Üzerine Gözlemler”, Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 7/35: 432-440.
  • von DIEST, W., 1889 Pergamon über den Dindymos zum Pontus. Gotha:Justus Perthes.
  • VASSILEVA, M., 2012, “The Rock-Cut Monuments of Phrygia, Paphlagonia and Thrace: A Comparative Overview”. The Black Sea, Paphlagonia, Pontus and Phrygia in Antiquity. Aspects of Archaeology and Ancient History (Ed. G. R. Tsetskhladze). BAR Int. Series 2432. Oxford: 243-252.
  • WILCKEN, U., 1894 “Amastris”, Paulus Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft (RE), Band I, Stuttgart: 1749- 1750.
  • ZAVAGNO, L., 2012 “Amastris (Paphlagonia): A Study in Byzantine Urban History between Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages’. In The Black Sea, Paphlagonia, Pontus and Phrygia in Antiquity. Aspects of archaeology and ancient history, ed. G.R. Tsetskhladze (Oxford: BARArcheopress, 2012): 273-84.

ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXPLORATIONS IN ANCIENT CITY OF AMASTRIS AMASRA

Year 2019, Issue: 24, 169 - 188, 01.01.2019

Fatma Bağdatlı Çam Ali Bora Handan B. Altunkayalıer

Abstract

Amastris, which is an important coastal town in the eastern part of the ancient cities of Heracleia Pontica and Tieion in the coastal region of Paphlagonia, was founded with the name Sesamos in the Greek colonial period. The most important structure of the ancient city of Amastris, which has managed to defend its strategic position in the region from the Hellenistic Period until the Middle Ages, is the Castle. From this point of view, it has attracted the attention of travellers and scientists in the 20th century. In our study, as well as the findings of the fortress structure of the ancient city of Amastris and the architecture of the fortification, the evidence of the rock-cut cult in the Boztepe area within the fortress structure and the presence of corresponding structures around Amasra will be evaluated. In addition to this, in in and around Tekketepe Tekketepe , the evidence that will bring the history of the city to the early period until the Bronze Age is mentioned. Today, as in many of the ancient cities, as a proof of the disappearance of the ancient traces under the modern settlement, the inscription of a person who was the commander of the Roman Legion among the ancient architectural blocks in the rubble of one or several construction sites was identified. It has been understood that the evidences which will be shed light on the unknown history of Amastris, one of the most important cities of Paphlagonia, will increase by ongoing studies around the ancient city

Keywords

Paphlagonia Bartın Sesamos Amastris Rock-Cut Monument

References

  • RE Paulus Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft (RE). Stuttgart. 1894.
  • SNG Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum
  • ARRIAN, Arrianus’un Karadeniz Seyahati (Periblus Ponti Euxin), (Çev. M. Arslan). İstanbul, 2005.
  • HOMEROS İlyada (Çev. A.Erhat/A.Kadir). İstanbul, 1984.
  • MEMNON Herakleia Pontike Tarihi (Çev. M. Arslan). İstanbul, 2007.
  • APOLLONIOS RHODIOS The Argonautika: Expanded Edition (Trans. P. Green). London, 2007.
  • STRABON Geographika, Antik Anadolu Coğrafyası, (Çev. A. Pekman). İstanbul, 2000.
  • PSEUDO SKYLAX Pseudo-Skylax’s Periplous: The Circumnavigation of the Inhabited World. Text, Translation, and Commentary (Exeter, 2011), Liverpool, 2017.
  • STEPHANUS BYZANTIUS Stephani Byzantii Ethnica. Volumen I: Α–Γ, Ed. M.Billerbeck, Corpus Fontıum Hıstoriae Byzantinae, Walter De Gruyter, Berlin, 2006.
  • PLINIUS SECUNDUS Naturkunde, Buch V (Ed. G. Winkler). München, 1993.
  • PLINIUS SECUNDUS Epistulae, 10.Kitap: Genç Plinius’un Anadolu Mektupları (Çev. Ç. Dürüşken/E. Özbayoğlu). İstanbul, 2001.
  • QUINTIUS CURTIUS [History of Alexander] with an English translation by John C. Rolfe. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/ pt?id=mdp.39015008158415;view=1up;seq=193; size=125 (26.04.2016)
  • AINSWORTH, W., 1839 “Notes on a Journey from Constantinople, by Heraclea, to Angora, in theAutumn of 1838”, Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London 9: 216-276.
  • ARSLAN, M., 2012 “Küçük Asya Yerel Historiograflarına Bir Örnek: Herakleia Pontike’li Memnon ve Eseri”, OLBA XX: 383-406.
  • BAĞDATLI ÇAM, F., 2016 “Paphlagonia’da Bir Pers Prensesi : Amastris/ A Persian Princess in Paphlagonia: Amastris”, Bartın Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 1/2: 31-46.
  • BELKE, K., 1996 Tabula Imperii Byzantini 9. Paphlagonien und Honorias. Wien.
  • BORE, E., 1840 Correspondence and Memoirs of an Oriental Traveller. Paris.
  • BRYER, A./WINFIELD, D., 1985 The Byzantine Monuments and Topography of the Pontos. Washington.
  • BURSTEIN, S., 1976 Outpost of Hellenism. The Emergence of Herakleia on the Black Sea. Berkeley.
  • CALLATAY, F., 2004 “Le premier monnayage de la cité d’Amastris (Paphlagonie)”, Schweizerische Numismatische Rundschau, Band 83: 57-80, Pl.9-11.
  • CLAVIJO, R.G.de., 1859 Narrative of Embassy of Ruy Gonzalez de Clavijo to the Court of Timour at Samarcand, AD 1403-6. London.
  • CRESSWELL, K. A. C., 1952 “Fortification in Islam before A.D. 1250”, Proceedings of the British Academy 38: 99–108.
  • CROW, J, 2017a, “Amastris”, in The Archaeology of Byzantine Archaeology. From the end of Late Antiquity until the Coming of the Turks (Ed. P. Niewöhner). Oxford: 389-394.
  • CROW, J., 2017b, “Fortifications”, in The Archaeology of Byzantine Archaeology. From the end of LAte Antiquity until the coming of the Turks (Ed. P. Niewöhner). Oxford: 2017, 90-108.
  • CROW, J. / HILL, S., 1995. “The Byzantine Fortifications of Amastris in Paphlagonia”, Anatolian Studies 45: 251-2
  • DOKSANALTI, M.E., 2012 “Open air Cult Sites in Eastern Pontus Region”, ANADOS 12/2012: 62-78.
  • DOONAN O., H. VURAL, vd., 2017 “Sinop Kalesi. Archaeological Excavations. 2015-2016 Field Seasons”, in The Archaeology of Anatolia: Recent Discoveries Vol. 2 (Eds. S. Steadman/G. McMahon). Cambridge: 178-199.
  • DRAKOULIS, D. P., 2012 “Regional Transformations and the Settlement Network of the Coastal Pontic Provinces in the Early Byzantine period”, in: The Black Sea, Paphlagonia, Pontus and Phrygia in Antiquity Aspects of archaeology and ancient history (Ed. G.R. Tsetskhladze). BAR International Series 2432.Oxford: 79-96.
  • ERCİYAS, D. B., 2001 Studies in The Archaeology of Hellenistic Pontus: The Settlements, Monuments, and Coinage of Mithradates VI and His Predecessors (Electronic Thesisor Dissertation). University of Cincinnati, https://etd.ohiolink.edu/
  • EVLİYA ÇELEBİ Evliya Çelebi Seyahatnamesi: Bursa-Bolu-Trabzon-Erzurum- Azerbeycan-Kafkasya-Kırım-Girit. 2. Kitap. 1. Cilt (Haz. Y. Dağlı/S.A.Kahraman). İstanbul, 2011.
  • EYİCE, S., 1953 “Amasra’da Cenova Hakimiyeti Devrine ait Armalı bir Levha”, Belleten, XVII/65: 27-40.
  • EYİCE, S.,1965, Küçük Amasra Tarihi ve Eski Eserleri Kılavuzu. Ankara.
  • FARNELL, L.R., 1896 The Cults of the Greek States. Vol. I. Oxford.
  • FLETCHER, W.G., 1939 “The Pontic Cities of Pompey the Great”, Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association 70: 17-29.
  • FOSS, C., 1995 “Map 86 Paphlagonia”, Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World: (Eds. J. Richard /A. Talbert), Vol. 1, Princeton: 1217-1225.
  • FOSS C/WINFIELD, D., 1986 Byzantine Fortifications: An Introduction. Pretoria.
  • FRENCH, D., 2013, Roman Roads and Milestones of Asia Minor. Vol. 3: Milestones, Fasc. 3.4: Pontus et Bithynia (with Northern Galatia). Ankara.
  • HILL, S., 1989, “Preliminary Survey at Amasra, Zonguldak”, VII. Araştırma Sonuçları Toplantısı. Antalya: 81-91.
  • HILL, S., 1990, “Survey Work at Amasra, 1989”, VIII. Araştırma Sonuçları Toplantısı. Ankara: 311-321.
  • HILL, S./CROW, J., 1992, “Amasra, Yüzey Araştırması 1990”, IX Araştırma Sonuçları Toplantısı, Çanakkale - 27·31 Mayıs 1991, Ankara: 83-92.
  • HILL, S./ CROW, J., 1993, “1991 Yılı Amasra Yüzey Araştırması”, X. Araştırma Sonuçları Toplantısı, Ankara -25-29 Mayıs 1992, Ankara: 19-27.
  • HIRSCHFELD, G., 1888 Inschriftenaus dem Norden Kleinasiens besonders aus Bithynien und Paphlagonien. Sb.Ak.Wiss.Berlin, phil.-hist. Kl.1888, II, 863-892.
  • HOFFMAN, A., 1989 “Zum ‘Bedesten’ in Amastris. Ein römischer Marktbau?”, Istanbuler Mitteilungen 39: 197–210.
  • JOHNSON, P., 2010 Landscapes of Achaemenid Paphlagonia, (diss.) Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania.
  • MAGIE, D., 1950, Roman Rule in Asia Minor. To The end of The Third Century After Christ. Princeton.
  • MANOLEDAKIS, M., 2018 “The Early Greek Presence in the Southern Black Sea”, Essays on the Archaeology and Ancient History of the Black Sea Littoral in (Eds. M. Manoledakis/G.R. Tsetskhladza/I. Xydopoulos), Bristol: 173-242.
  • MAREK, C., 1989 “Amastris. Geschichte, Topographie, archäologische Reste,” Istanbuler Mitteilungen 39: 373-389.
  • MAREK, C., 1993 Stadt, Ära und Territorium in Pontus Bithynia und Nord-Galatia. Istanbuler Forschungen Band 39. Tübingen.
  • MAREK, C., 2003 Pontus et Bithynia. Die römischen Provinzen im Norden Kleinasiens. Mainz.
  • MENDEL, G., 1901 “Inscriptions de Bithynie”, BCH 25: 5-92.
  • METİN, H., 2014 “Kremna Antik Kenti Kuzey Yayılımı Hakkında İlk Gözlemler”, MEÜ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 6/11: 2014, 1-27.
  • OLBRYCHT, M. J., 2014, “An Admirer of Persian Ways’: Alexander The Great’s Reforms in Parthia-Hyrcania and The Iranian Heritage”, Excavating an Empire. Achaemenid Persia in Longue Durée (Eds. T. Daryaee/A. Mousavi/K. Rezakhani) California: 37-62.
  • QUIRINI-POP£AWSKI, R., 2012 “Art in the Genoese Colonies on the Black Sea (in the 13-15th c.). Present State of Knowledge and Selected Research Problems”, BIULETYN HISTORII SZTUKI, LXXIV/3-4: 425-472.
  • ROBERT, L, 1980, A travers L’ Asie Mineure. Poetes et Prosateurs, Monnaies Grecques. Voyageurs et Geographie. Paris.
  • ROLLER, L.E., 2004 Ana Tanrıçanın İzinde. Anadolu Kybele Kültü (Çev. B. Avunç). İstanbul.
  • SAKAOĞLU, N., 1987 Çeşm-i Cihan. Amastris. İstanbul.
  • ŠČEGLOV, A. N., 1986 “Les amphores timbrées d’Amastris”, in Empereur, J. and Garlan, Y., Récherches sur les amphores grecques, Bulletin de correspondence Hellénique. Supplement 13: 365–73.
  • SPARKES,B. A.- TALCOTT, L.,1970, Athenian Agora XII, Part1 Text, Part 2. Plates.
  • STOLBA, V., 2003 “Some Reflections on the Amphora Stamps With the Name of Amastris”, in: The Cauldron of Ariantas. Studies Presented to A.N. Ščeglov on the Occasion of his 70th Birthday. Aarhus: 279-301.
  • YILDIRIM, Ş., 2019, “A Great Tumulus From Paphlagonia” (Baskıda)
  • TAMSÜ POLAT, R., 2010 “Yeni Buluntular Işığında Phryg Kaya Altarları ve Bir Tipoloji Önerisi”, Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 10: 203-222.
  • TEFFETELLER, A., 2012 “Strategies of Continuity in the Construction of Ethnic and Cultural Identity: The Lineage and Role of Zeus Stratios in Pontus and Paphlagonia”, The Black Sea, Paphlagonia, Pontus and Phrygia in Antiquity (Ed. G.R. Tsetskhladze), BAR Int.Series 2432. Oxford: 223-227.
  • TEMUR, A., 2014 “Amasya Yassıkaya Açık Hava Tapınım Alanı Üzerine Gözlemler”, Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 7/35: 432-440.
  • von DIEST, W., 1889 Pergamon über den Dindymos zum Pontus. Gotha:Justus Perthes.
  • VASSILEVA, M., 2012, “The Rock-Cut Monuments of Phrygia, Paphlagonia and Thrace: A Comparative Overview”. The Black Sea, Paphlagonia, Pontus and Phrygia in Antiquity. Aspects of Archaeology and Ancient History (Ed. G. R. Tsetskhladze). BAR Int. Series 2432. Oxford: 243-252.
  • WILCKEN, U., 1894 “Amastris”, Paulus Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft (RE), Band I, Stuttgart: 1749- 1750.
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There are 67 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Authors

Fatma Bağdatlı Çam This is me

Ali Bora This is me

Handan B. Altunkayalıer This is me

Publication Date January 1, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Issue: 24

Cite

APA Bağdatlı Çam, F., Bora, A., & Altunkayalıer, H. B. (2019). Amastrİs Amasra Antİk KentİNDE Arkeolojİk Tespİtler. TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi(24), 169-188.
AMA Bağdatlı Çam F, Bora A, Altunkayalıer HB. Amastrİs Amasra Antİk KentİNDE Arkeolojİk Tespİtler. TÜBA-AR. January 2019;(24):169-188.
Chicago Bağdatlı Çam, Fatma, Ali Bora, and Handan B. Altunkayalıer. “Amastrİs Amasra Antİk KentİNDE Arkeolojİk Tespİtler”. TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi, no. 24 (January 2019): 169-88.
EndNote Bağdatlı Çam F, Bora A, Altunkayalıer HB (January 1, 2019) Amastrİs Amasra Antİk KentİNDE Arkeolojİk Tespİtler. TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi 24 169–188.
IEEE F. Bağdatlı Çam, A. Bora, and H. B. Altunkayalıer, “Amastrİs Amasra Antİk KentİNDE Arkeolojİk Tespİtler”, TÜBA-AR, no. 24, pp. 169–188, January2019.
ISNAD Bağdatlı Çam, Fatma et al. “Amastrİs Amasra Antİk KentİNDE Arkeolojİk Tespİtler”. TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi 24 (January2019), 169-188.
JAMA Bağdatlı Çam F, Bora A, Altunkayalıer HB. Amastrİs Amasra Antİk KentİNDE Arkeolojİk Tespİtler. TÜBA-AR. 2019;:169–188.
MLA Bağdatlı Çam, Fatma et al. “Amastrİs Amasra Antİk KentİNDE Arkeolojİk Tespİtler”. TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi, no. 24, 2019, pp. 169-88.
Vancouver Bağdatlı Çam F, Bora A, Altunkayalıer HB. Amastrİs Amasra Antİk KentİNDE Arkeolojİk Tespİtler. TÜBA-AR. 2019(24):169-88.

Publisher

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