FİLOLOJİ VE ARKEOLOJİ ARASINDA ETNİK BİR KAVRAM OLARAK HIİNT-AVRUPA OLGUSU

Year 2018, Issue: 23, 121 - 136, 01.07.2018

Belgin Aksoy

Abstract

Bu çalışmada Hint-Avrupa topluluklarının kökeni hakkında ileri sürülen temel tezlerin değerlendirilmesiamaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışmalar Avrupa kültürel kimliğin tarihsel gelişimine paralel olarak, ideolojik söylemlerekimi zaman gerekçeler getirdiği gibi, kimi zaman da onlar tarafından yönlendirilmiştir. 20. yy’ın ikinci yarısındanitibaren filolojide ve arkeolojideki somut verilerin değerlendirilmesi ile birlikte ideolojik yüklerden arınmış birdüzlemde tartışmalar devam etmektedir. Halen iki temel tez, tartışmaların odağında bulunmaktadır. Bunlardan biriKaradeniz’in kuzeyi ile Volga arasındaki bölgeyi, diğeri ise Anadolu’yu Hint-Avrupa köken bölgesi olarak ileri sürer.Volga ve Karadeniz arasındaki step bölgesinde yaşamış olan göçebelerin Proto-Hint-Avrupalılar olduğu yönündekitez, başlangıçta arkeolojik verilerle gerekçelendirilmiş, daha sonraları ise filolojik veriler ile desteklenmiştir. Bunaek olarak son yıllarda yaygınlaşan genetik araştırmaları da bu tezi destekler nitelikte sonuçlar vermektedir. Bunarağmen Anadolu’yu köken bölgesi olarak tanımlayan diğer tez, önemli eleştirileri ortaya koymaktadır. Bununbir nedeni Hint-Avrupa dillerinin en erken izlerinden birisinin Anadolu’da olması, diğer nedeni ise özelliklepastoral göçebeliğin Ortadoğu’daki geçmişidir. Her iki köken bölgesi tezinin sınanması noktasında KaradenizBölgesi anahtar bir konuma sahiptir, ancak Karadeniz’in Anadolu kıyıları bu tartışmaya veriler sunacak kadar iyiaraştırılmış değildir.

Keywords

Hint-Avrupa, Avrupa Prehistoryası, Pastoral Göçebelik, Tunç Çağı, Kurgan Kültürü, Tarihsel Dilbilim

AN ETHNIC CONCEPT BETWEEN ARCHAEOLOGY AND PHILOLOGY: INDO-EUROPEAN

Abstract

This paper aims to explore various theses about the origins of Indo-European tribes. Paralleling the history of the transition of the European identity, these theses have sometimes caused ideological discourses. In addition, these theses have also been lead by aforementioned ideological discourses. Since the second half of the 20th century, research has continued with regard to philological and archaeological data, less impacted bay the ideological disputes. In recent research, two base theses are at the centre of this issue. One of the theses suggests that the origin of Indo-European tribes belongs to the region between the north of Black Sea and Volga. The other thesis suggests that the region is in Anatolia. The first thesis also suggests that the tribes living between Volga and Black Sea were Proto-Indo-Europeans, which relied on at first archaeological data as well as philological data later. On top of that recent genetic research within the last decades also proves that thesis. However, the Anatolian thesis also creates a foundation for possible critiques. One reason for this is that the first signs for Indo-European languages are in Anatolia; another reason is that pastoral nomadism, that has its roots in the Middle East. While testing both theses, the Black Sea region is a key location, but the Anatolian coast of the Black Sea is not investigated enough to present this argument

Keywords

Indo-Europeans, European Prehistory, Pastoral Nomadism, Bronze Age, Kurgan Culture, Historical Linguistics

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