İZMİR ARKEOLOJİ MÜZESİ’NDEN BİR MİKEN FİGÜRİNİ VE MİKEN KADIN FİGÜRİNLERİNİN DOĞU AKDENİZ’DEKİ DOLAŞIMI

Year 2019, Issue: 25, 95 - 108, 01.03.2019

Barış Gür

Abstract

Batı Anadolu’da birçok yerleşimde Miken seramiği bulunmuş olmasına karşın Miken kadın figürinleri aynı oranda ele geçmemektedir. Ticari ilişkilerin kanıtı olabilecek seramiğin ele geçmesine karşın birçok yerleşimde figürinlerin varlığı ile karşılaşılmaması onların her durumda ticari bir meta olmadığını, yerel elitler tarafından tercih edilmediğini gösterebileceği gibi Miken varlığının yerleşimde bulunmaması ile de açıklanabilmelidir. Ticari bağlantılarla Miken seramiği, Batı Anadolu kıyılarında tercih görürken en azından ticari anlamda söz konusu figürinler tercih edilmemiştir. Batı Anadolu’da ele geçen kadın figürinlerininbuluntu yerleri dikkate alındığında–Miletos ve Limantepe gibi Ege kökenli güçlü kanıtlar içeren- Miken varlığının sorgulanması yanlış olmamalıdır. Doğu Akdeniz’de ise Miken kadın figürinleri sayısal olarak oldukça az olmasına karşın Ugarit örneğinde durumun daha farklı olduğu görülmektedir. Miken kadın figürinlerinin sivil mimaride ele geçiyor olması muhtemelen Ege coğrafyasının Ugarit ile kurmuş olduğu uzun bir dönemeyayılan ilişkilerin sonucudur. Genel olarak Miken seramiği ile kadın figürinlerinin yayılımını karşılaştırdığımızda, seramiğin Doğu Akdeniz’de geniş bir coğrafyada ele geçtiği görülürken, kadın figürinlerinin benzer bir yayılıma sahip olmadığını söylemek mümkündür. Bu durum kadın figürinlerinin Ege dünyası insanları için olan anlamlarının GTÇ içerisinde Doğu Akdeniz kıyılarınataşınamaması ile ilişkili olmasından çok, Miken ticari aktiviteleri içerisinde güçlü bir ticari enstrüman olmamasından kaynaklanıyor olmalıdır. Buna karşın GTÇ sonundaki göçlerle birlikte bazı temel kültürel unsurlarını Doğu Akdeniz kıyılarına taşıyan Ege kökenli halkların, seramikleri gibi kadın figürinlerini de ata topraklarından getirdikleri kültürel unsurlarla üretmiş oldukları görülmektedir.

Keywords

Miken Figürini, Geç Tunç Çağı, Batı Anadolu, Doğu Akdeniz

A MYCENAEAN FIGURINE FROM THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUM OF İZMİR AND CIRCULATION OF MYCENAEAN FEMALE FIGURINES IN EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN

Abstract

Although Mycenaean pottery was found in many settlements in Western Anatolia, Mycenaean female figurines were not encountered evenly. Despite the existence of pottery which may be a proof of commercial relations, the presence of figurines were not encountered in many settlements can be explained by the fact that they were not a commercial commodity in every situation, not preferred by local elites or the absence of Mycenaean presence in the settlement. While the Mycenaean pottery were preferred on the coasts of Western Anatolia by commercial relations, at least in the commercial sense these figurines were not preferred. Considering the finds of female figurines found in Western Anatolia -including evidence of Aegean origin such as Miletos and Limantepe-, the questioning of the presence of Mycenaean can not be inaccurate. In the Eastern Mediterranean, although the Mycenaean female figurines are numerically less, it is seen that the situation is different in the example of Ugarit. The fact that Mycenaean female figurines were found in civil architecture was probably the result of a long period of relations established by the Aegean kingdoms with Ugarit. When we compare the distribution of Mycenaean pottery and female figurines in general, it is seen that pottery were found in a wide area in the Eastern Mediterranean, while female figurines do not have a similar distribution. This is not related to the fact that female figurines were not able to carry the meaning of the Aegean people to the East Mediterranean coasts within the LBA. It must be due to the fact that figurines were not a strong commercial instrument within the Mycenaean commercial activities. In spite of this, it is seen that the peoples of Aegean origin carrying some of their basic cultural elements to the shores of the Eastern Mediterranean along with the migrations at the end of Late Bronze Age produced female figurines like pottery with the cultural elements they had brought from their ancestral lands

Keywords

Mycenaean Figurine, Late Bronze Age, Western Anatolia, Eastern Mediterranean

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