BibTex RIS Cite

-

Year 2013, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 62 - 75, 20.05.2013

Abstract

Education was the beginning field of the Ottoman modernization. As known, education was the basis of the military success and military schools were opened while Europe style military garrison were founded. The other military and civil schools were opened and the period of opening modern schools were continued. In the new education foundation, modern pedagogic methods were used in both programs and teaching methods. It was realized that rewarding is an effective method of increasing student achievement. The rewarding method was also used when Rüşdiye schools (Ottoman junior high school) were started teaching. Additionally, year-end exams  Prof. Dr., Uludağ Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi, E-posta: mdemirel@uludag.edu.tr were done like a ceremony in the presence of ministers and high officials and ulama. Successful students were rewarded. “Sim nişan” and “gold medal” was given the first degree student as a reward, second and third degree students were also rewarded as their degree. The students who graduated from these schools were inducted body politics as their graduation degree. When modern schools became widespread at boondocks, the rewards were given as a ceremony. Prize-giving ceremonies were arranged at the primary and high schools in the province and the costs of the rewards and ceremonies were paid from central or local budget. Some schools gave money reward for financial support, some other schools gave gold or silver medal and others gave book or flag as moral. In this study through Ottoman Archives of Turkey, rewards were examined in the way of quantity and quality.

References

  • Akgündüz, H. (1997). Klasik dönem Osmanlı medrese sistemi. İstanbul: Ulusal.
  • Arı R., Üre Ö., ve Yılmaz H. (1999). Gelişim ve öğrenme psikolojisi (Eğitimin psikolojik temelleri). Konya: Mikro.
  • BOA, MAD,No.8999.
  • BOA, İrade Dâhiliye,No.2721, 15 Safer 1258.
  • BOA, İrade Meclis-i Vâlâ, No.6077.
  • BOA,MF.MKT., 12/22; 12/83.
  • BOA,MF.MKT., 68/67, (26. Ş. 1298).
  • BOA, MF.MKT., 68/88, (14. L. 1298).
  • BOA, MF.MKT., 68/69, (11. L. 1298)
  • BOA,MF.MKT., 110/48, (21. M. 1327).
  • BOA, MF.MKT.,260/1.
  • BOA,MF.MKT.,273/15.
  • BOA,MF.MKT., 425/52.
  • BOA, İ.DH.,927/73517 (19. Za. 1301).
  • BOA, İ.DH., 1295/5-102275.
  • Demirel, F. (2010). Mekteb-i idadi, (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Atatürk Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Erzurum.
  • Demirel, M., Doğanay, K. F. (2011). Osmanlı’da ziraat eğitimi: Halkalı ziraat mektebi. Uludağ Üniversitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi,12/21, (2), 183-199.
  • Ergin, O. N. (1977). Türk maarif tarihi, Cilt II. İstanbul: Eser.
  • Kur’an-ı Kerim, Nisa Süresi, 4/40.
  • Mahmud Cevat, (2001). Maarif-i umumiye nezareti tarihçe-i teşkilât ve icraatı (Haz. Tacettin Kayaoğlu). Ankara: Yeni Türkiye.
  • Selçuk, Z. (2001). Gelişim ve öğrenme. Ankara: Nobel.
  • Sungu, İ. (1941). Mekteb-i maarif-i adliyenin tesisi. Tarih Vesikaları Dergisi, 1/3, 212-225.
  • Takvim-i Vekâyi, 12 R 1257, No.225.
  • Takvim-i Vekayi, 27 Za 1258, No.241.

Osmanlı Modern Mekteplerinde Mükâfat

Year 2013, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 62 - 75, 20.05.2013

Abstract

Osmanlı modernleşmesinin ilk başladığı alanlardan biri de eğitimdir. Askeri başarının eğitime dayalı olduğu bilindiğinden Avrupa tarzı askeri birlikler kurulurken modern askeri okullar da açılmaya başlanmıştır. Eğitimde modernleştirme süreci sonraki dönemlerde açılan mülki okullarla devam ettirilmiştir. Yeni eğitim kurumlarında programdan öğretim yöntemine kadar modern pedagojik yöntemler kullanılmıştır. Uygulanan yöntemlerden biri de başarıyı attırmak kullanılan ödüllendirme sistemidir. Rüşdiye mektepleri öğretime başladığında da ödüllendirme yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Yılsonu sınavları devlet adamları ve ulema huzurunda, bir tören havasında yapılarak başarılı olanlar ödüllendirilmek suretiyle bir üst sınıfa geçirilmiştir. Dereceye girenlerden birincilere “sim nişan” ve “altın madalya”, ikinci ve üçüncülere de yine derecelerine göre ödüller verilmiştir. Bu okullardan mezun olanlar mezuniyet derecelerine göre devlet kurumlarına tayin edilmiştir. Modern okullar taşrada yaygınlaştıktan sonra ödüller de törensel nitelik kazanmıştır. Vilayetlerde ilköğretim, ortaöğretim okullarında öğretim yılı sonunda ödül törenleri düzenlenmiş, törenlerin düzenlenmesi ve verilen ödüllerin masrafları merkezi veya mahalli bütçelerden karşılanmıştır. Bazı okullarda doğrudan maddi destek olarak para ödülü, bazılarında altın, gümüş gibi madalyalar verilmiş, bazılarında ise daha çok manevi değeri olan kitap, bayrak gibi ödüller verilmiştir. Bu çalışmada Osmanlı arşiv belgelerinden hareketle ödüller nitelik ve nicelik yönünden incelenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Rüşdiye, Osmanlı Mektepleri, Ödül Sistemi, Türk Eğitim Tarihi.

 

REWARD IN THE MODERN OTTOMAN SCHOOLS

 

Abstract: Education was the beginning field of the Ottoman modernization. As known, education was the basis of the military success and military schools were opened while Europe style military garrison were founded. The other military and civil schools were opened and the period of opening modern schools were continued.

In the new education foundation, modern pedagogic methods were used in both programs and teaching methods. It was realized that rewarding is an effective method of increasing student achievement. The rewarding method was also used when Rüşdiye schools (Ottoman junior high school) were started teaching. Additionally, year-end exams were done like a ceremony in the presence of ministers and high officials and ulama. Successful students were rewarded. “Sim nişan” and “gold medal” was given the first degree student as a reward, second and third degree students were also rewarded as their degree. The students who graduated from these schools were inducted body politics as their graduation degree. When modern schools became widespread at boondocks, the rewards were given as a ceremony. Prize-giving ceremonies were arranged at the primary and high schools in the province and the costs of the rewards and ceremonies were paid from central or local budget.

Some schools gave money reward for financial support, some other schools gave gold or silver medal and others gave book or flag as moral. In this study through Ottoman Archives of Turkey, rewards were examined in the way of quantity and quality.

Keywords: Rüşdiye, Ottoman’s School, Reward System, History of Turkish Education

 

References

  • Akgündüz, H. (1997). Klasik dönem Osmanlı medrese sistemi. İstanbul: Ulusal.
  • Arı R., Üre Ö., ve Yılmaz H. (1999). Gelişim ve öğrenme psikolojisi (Eğitimin psikolojik temelleri). Konya: Mikro.
  • BOA, MAD,No.8999.
  • BOA, İrade Dâhiliye,No.2721, 15 Safer 1258.
  • BOA, İrade Meclis-i Vâlâ, No.6077.
  • BOA,MF.MKT., 12/22; 12/83.
  • BOA,MF.MKT., 68/67, (26. Ş. 1298).
  • BOA, MF.MKT., 68/88, (14. L. 1298).
  • BOA, MF.MKT., 68/69, (11. L. 1298)
  • BOA,MF.MKT., 110/48, (21. M. 1327).
  • BOA, MF.MKT.,260/1.
  • BOA,MF.MKT.,273/15.
  • BOA,MF.MKT., 425/52.
  • BOA, İ.DH.,927/73517 (19. Za. 1301).
  • BOA, İ.DH., 1295/5-102275.
  • Demirel, F. (2010). Mekteb-i idadi, (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Atatürk Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Erzurum.
  • Demirel, M., Doğanay, K. F. (2011). Osmanlı’da ziraat eğitimi: Halkalı ziraat mektebi. Uludağ Üniversitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi,12/21, (2), 183-199.
  • Ergin, O. N. (1977). Türk maarif tarihi, Cilt II. İstanbul: Eser.
  • Kur’an-ı Kerim, Nisa Süresi, 4/40.
  • Mahmud Cevat, (2001). Maarif-i umumiye nezareti tarihçe-i teşkilât ve icraatı (Haz. Tacettin Kayaoğlu). Ankara: Yeni Türkiye.
  • Selçuk, Z. (2001). Gelişim ve öğrenme. Ankara: Nobel.
  • Sungu, İ. (1941). Mekteb-i maarif-i adliyenin tesisi. Tarih Vesikaları Dergisi, 1/3, 212-225.
  • Takvim-i Vekâyi, 12 R 1257, No.225.
  • Takvim-i Vekayi, 27 Za 1258, No.241.
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research & Theoretical Articles
Authors

Muammer Demirel

Publication Date May 20, 2013
Submission Date May 20, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2013 Volume: 2 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Demirel, M. (2013). Osmanlı Modern Mekteplerinde Mükâfat. Turkish History Education Journal, 2(1), 62-75. https://doi.org/10.17497/tuhed.53313



ANNOUNCEMENTS:

1- APA7 Referencing Style:

As of May 2024, TUHED will follow APA 7 (American Psychological Association) style for referencing and citation. For more information, please refer to the TUHED template and writting guidelines.

2- Early Release:

According to the TUHED's new publication policy, the articles which have completed the evaluation process will be published online-first. It will no longer be necessary for manuscripts to wait until the “next issue”. Early Release articles will receive an international identification code (DOI), and identified page numbers. 

3- Ethics Committee Approval:

In accordance with the ULAKBİM decision of 25 February 2020, Ethics Committee Approval must be obtained for studies on people (without age restrictions), this approval must be specified in the Method section of the article and signed Ethics Committee Approval must be uploaded to the system. Applications that do not meet these requirements will not be considered for publication.

4- New Publication Policy 

Beginning from Spring 2021 issue TUHED will require all Turkish manuscripts to contain a full-text English translation. Manuscripts submitted in Turkish will be requested to have full-text English translation if they are accepted for publication after the review process. 




10829

 Turkish History Education Journal site and its metadata are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License

Permissions beyond the scope of this license is available at COPYRIGHT