Education was the beginning field of the Ottoman modernization. As known, education was the basis of the military success and military schools were opened while Europe style military garrison were founded. The other military and civil schools were opened and the period of opening modern schools were continued. In the new education foundation, modern pedagogic methods were used in both programs and teaching methods. It was realized that rewarding is an effective method of increasing student achievement. The rewarding method was also used when Rüşdiye schools (Ottoman junior high school) were started teaching. Additionally, year-end exams Prof. Dr., Uludağ Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi, E-posta: mdemirel@uludag.edu.tr were done like a ceremony in the presence of ministers and high officials and ulama. Successful students were rewarded. “Sim nişan” and “gold medal” was given the first degree student as a reward, second and third degree students were also rewarded as their degree. The students who graduated from these schools were inducted body politics as their graduation degree. When modern schools became widespread at boondocks, the rewards were given as a ceremony. Prize-giving ceremonies were arranged at the primary and high schools in the province and the costs of the rewards and ceremonies were paid from central or local budget. Some schools gave money reward for financial support, some other schools gave gold or silver medal and others gave book or flag as moral. In this study through Ottoman Archives of Turkey, rewards were examined in the way of quantity and quality.
Osmanlı modernleşmesinin ilk başladığı alanlardan biri de eğitimdir. Askeri başarının eğitime dayalı olduğu bilindiğinden Avrupa tarzı askeri birlikler kurulurken modern askeri okullar da açılmaya başlanmıştır. Eğitimde modernleştirme süreci sonraki dönemlerde açılan mülki okullarla devam ettirilmiştir. Yeni eğitim kurumlarında programdan öğretim yöntemine kadar modern pedagojik yöntemler kullanılmıştır. Uygulanan yöntemlerden biri de başarıyı attırmak kullanılan ödüllendirme sistemidir. Rüşdiye mektepleri öğretime başladığında da ödüllendirme yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Yılsonu sınavları devlet adamları ve ulema huzurunda, bir tören havasında yapılarak başarılı olanlar ödüllendirilmek suretiyle bir üst sınıfa geçirilmiştir. Dereceye girenlerden birincilere “sim nişan” ve “altın madalya”, ikinci ve üçüncülere de yine derecelerine göre ödüller verilmiştir. Bu okullardan mezun olanlar mezuniyet derecelerine göre devlet kurumlarına tayin edilmiştir. Modern okullar taşrada yaygınlaştıktan sonra ödüller de törensel nitelik kazanmıştır. Vilayetlerde ilköğretim, ortaöğretim okullarında öğretim yılı sonunda ödül törenleri düzenlenmiş, törenlerin düzenlenmesi ve verilen ödüllerin masrafları merkezi veya mahalli bütçelerden karşılanmıştır. Bazı okullarda doğrudan maddi destek olarak para ödülü, bazılarında altın, gümüş gibi madalyalar verilmiş, bazılarında ise daha çok manevi değeri olan kitap, bayrak gibi ödüller verilmiştir. Bu çalışmada Osmanlı arşiv belgelerinden hareketle ödüller nitelik ve nicelik yönünden incelenmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Rüşdiye, Osmanlı Mektepleri, Ödül Sistemi, Türk Eğitim Tarihi.
REWARD IN THE MODERN OTTOMAN SCHOOLS
Abstract: Education was the beginning field of the Ottoman modernization. As known, education was the basis of the military success and military schools were opened while Europe style military garrison were founded. The other military and civil schools were opened and the period of opening modern schools were continued.
In the new education foundation, modern pedagogic methods were used in both programs and teaching methods. It was realized that rewarding is an effective method of increasing student achievement. The rewarding method was also used when Rüşdiye schools (Ottoman junior high school) were started teaching. Additionally, year-end exams were done like a ceremony in the presence of ministers and high officials and ulama. Successful students were rewarded. “Sim nişan” and “gold medal” was given the first degree student as a reward, second and third degree students were also rewarded as their degree. The students who graduated from these schools were inducted body politics as their graduation degree. When modern schools became widespread at boondocks, the rewards were given as a ceremony. Prize-giving ceremonies were arranged at the primary and high schools in the province and the costs of the rewards and ceremonies were paid from central or local budget.
Some schools gave money reward for financial support, some other schools gave gold or silver medal and others gave book or flag as moral. In this study through Ottoman Archives of Turkey, rewards were examined in the way of quantity and quality.
Keywords: Rüşdiye, Ottoman’s School, Reward System, History of Turkish Education
Primary Language | Turkish |
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Journal Section | Research & Theoretical Articles |
Authors | |
Publication Date | May 20, 2013 |
Submission Date | May 20, 2013 |
Published in Issue | Year 2013 Volume: 2 Issue: 1 |
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