One of the important functions of educational curriculums is to give the history consciousness to next generations and young people who will become the intellectuals of the future. It is known that history lessons have a very important function in determination and realization of the prospective targets of nations and in conveying the previous experiences to next generations. Historical events take place in a location. In order to teach a historical event the spatial conditions where the event took place should also be known. Knowledge about spatial conditions is related with geography. Therefore, history and geography are fields that support each other. If an event, which will become history in the future, takes place in any location on earth, the event has certainly a connection with the location, thus with geography. As a result, when teaching a historical event, the geographical conditions which are effective on shaping, development and conclusion of the event, should certainly be known. The historical events which we learn by looking at the past from the period we live in are both related with time and location. The time related part of the historical events is taught by chronological scales while the location related part of the historical events is taught by relating with maps. Therefore the maps used in explanation of the historical events are one of the most important tools of history education. With the help of the maps historical events are related with location and are no longer memorization and tales. In this research, an evaluation was be made on teaching method and techniques and tool usage and efficiency of maps that are present in history text books and are used for explanation of historical events. In the research, document analysis method will be used. The maps in secondary school text books, history atlases and wall maps were subject to document analysis and it was questioned whether the maps used in history education reflect the geographical conditions of the location where the event took place and whether they are efficient in this issue, so that the detected problems related with the maps used in history education were opened for discussion
Yeni nesillere ve geleceğin entelektüeli olacak gençlere tarih şuurunun verilmesi eğitim programlarının önemli işlevlerinden biridir. Milletlerin ileriye yönelik hedeflerinin belirlenmesi ve bu hedeflerin gerçekleştirilmesinde, geçmişte yaşanan tecrübelerin gelecek nesillere aktarılmasında tarih derslerinin çok önemli bir işleve sahip olduğu bilinmektedir. Tarihi olaylar bir mekân üzerinde geçmektedir. Bir tarihi olayın öğretilebilmesi olayın geçtiği mekân şartlarının bilinmesini de gerektirmektedir. Mekân şartlarının bilinmesi ise coğrafya ile ilgilidir. Dolayısı ile tarih ve coğrafya bir birini destekleyen alanlardır. Dünyanın herhangi bir yerinde gelecekte tarih olacak bir olay cereyan ediyorsa bunun mekânla ve dolayısıyla coğrafya ile ilgili bir yönü mutlaka bulunmaktadır. Bundan hareketle tarihi olay öğretilirken bu olayda, olayın şekillenmesi, gelişmesi ve sonuçlanmasında etkili coğrafi şartların mutlaka bilinmesi gerekir. İçinde yaşadığımız zaman diliminden geçmişe bakarak öğrendiğimiz tarihi olaylar hem zamanla hem de mekânla ilgilidir. Tarihi olayların zamanla ilgili kısmı kronolojik cetvellerle öğretilmeye çalışılmaktadır. Tarihi olayların mekânla ilgi yönü ise haritalarla ilişkilendirilerek öğretilmektedir. Dolayısıyla tarihi olayların açıklanmasında kullanılan haritalar tarih öğretiminin en önemli araçlarından biridir. Haritalar vasıtası ile tarihi olaylar mekânla ilişkilendirilmekte, ezber ve hikâye olmaktan çıkmaktadır. Bu araştırmada ortaöğretim tarih ders kitaplarında yer alan ve tarihi olayların açıklanmasında kullanılan öğretim yöntem ve teknikleri ve araç gereç kullanımı ile tarih öğretiminde kullanılan haritaların etkililiği üzerine bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Araştırmada doküman analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Orta öğretim tarih ders kitaplarındaki haritalar, tarih atlasları ve duvar haritaları doküman analizine tabi tutularak tarih öğretiminde kullanılan haritaların tarihi olayın geçtiği coğrafi şartları yansıtıp yansıtmadığı, bu konudaki etkililiği sorgulanarak, tarihi olayların açıklanması ve tarih öğretiminde kullanılan haritalarla ilgili tespit edilen sorunlar tartışmaya açılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Tarih, Tarihi Olay, Mekân Algısı, Coğrafya, Harita
AN EVALUATION OF MAPS USED IN HISTORY EDUCATION
Abstract: One of the important functions of educational curriculums is to give the history consciousness to next generations and young people who will become the intellectuals of the future. It is known that history lessons have a very important function in determination and realization of the prospective targets of nations and in conveying the previous experiences to next generations. Historical events take place in a location. In order to teach a historical event the spatial conditions where the event took place should also be known. Knowledge about spatial conditions is related with geography. Therefore, history and geography are fields that support each other. If an event, which will become history in the future, takes place in any location on earth, the event has certainly a connection with the location, thus with geography. As a result, when teaching a historical event, the geographical conditions which are effective on shaping, development and conclusion of the event, should certainly be known. The historical events which we learn by looking at the past from the period we live in are both related with time and location. The time related part of the historical events is taught by chronological scales while the location related part of the historical events is taught by relating with maps. Therefore the maps used in explanation of the historical events are one of the most important tools of history education. With the help of the maps historical events are related with location and are no longer memorization and tales. In this research, an evaluation was be made on teaching method and techniques and tool usage and efficiency of maps that are present in history text books and are used for explanation of historical events. In the research, document analysis method will be used. The maps in secondary school text books, history atlases and wall maps were subject to document analysis and it was questioned whether the maps used in history education reflect the geographical conditions of the location where the event took place and whether they are efficient in this issue, so that the detected problems related with the maps used in history education were opened for discussion.
Keywords: History, Historical Event, Space Perception, Geography, Map
Primary Language | Turkish |
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Journal Section | Research & Theoretical Articles |
Authors | |
Publication Date | May 21, 2015 |
Submission Date | May 21, 2015 |
Published in Issue | Year 2015 Volume: 4 Issue: 1 |
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