Çoğu
edebiyat eleştirisi alanından gelen postmodernist teorisyenler; tarihçiliği (ya
da tarihyazımını), bir anlatı sanatı olarak ele aldılar ve kanıtı retoriğin bir
parçası olarak değerlendirdiler. Buna göre, “tarihyazımı”, bir metni
kurgulamak-sahnelemek-sunmak gibi görecelik üzerine inşa-icat edilen bir
anlatı/metin kurgusudur. Buna karşı verilen cevap; “tarih”in, bir kurgu türü
olarak düşünüldüğünde, geçmiş üzerine bilimsel bir çalışma yapmanın da imkânı
kalmadığına dairdir. Bir sosyalbilim alanı olan “tarihçilik” mesleğinin kendine
özgü bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri vardır. Tarihçi, metin kategorilerini kendi
keyfine göre değil, bir kuramsal perspektiften beslenerek ve kanıtlarla
ilişkilendirerek metinlerarası ilişkiler, bağlamsal değerlendirmeler vb. içinde
sorgulardan geçirdikten sonra metni inşa eder. Bu metin “gerçeklik etkisi”ni
amaçlayan, “retorik”sel bir metin değil, tarihsel gerçekliği bulmayı hedefleyen
“kanıt”sal bir metindir. Bu makalede, tarih, tarihçilik ve tarihyazımı üzerine;
ilgili literatürün kavram havuzunu oluşturan “anlatı”, “retorik” ve “kanıt”
terimleri ile ilişkili olarak, genel bir değerlendirme yapacağız.
Postmodernist
theorists, mostly from the field of literary criticism, considered historiography
as a narrative art and regarded the proof as part of the rhetoric. According to
this view, historiography is a narrative/text fiction based on relativity
through constructing- staging – presenting a text. The answer given to this is
that if history is regarded as a type of fiction, then there will be no
possibility to do a scientific study on the past. As a field of social
sciences, the profession of history writing has its own scientific research
methods. Historian constructs the text by benefiting from theoretical
perspective. They link proof with the text after questioning it in the context
of intertextual relations, contextual evaluations etc. This text is not a
rhetorical one aimed to the effect of reality, but an evidential text that aims
to find historical reality. In this article on history and historiography; we
will make a general evaluation in relation to the terms of the narrative,
rhetoric and evidence that constitute the concept pool of the related
literature.
Primary Language | Turkish |
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Journal Section | Special Issue |
Authors | |
Publication Date | October 20, 2018 |
Submission Date | September 10, 2018 |
Acceptance Date | October 1, 2018 |
Published in Issue | Year 2018 Volume: 7 Issue: 2 |
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