Village Teacher Training Schools were opened in 1937 to train teachers for villages. Later, these schools were transformed into Village Institutes. While culture courses shared common features in all village institutes, agriculture courses and activities, as well as technical course and activities, were shaped according to the climatic characteristics and needs of the region that each institute was established. At the same time, the learning environment in the village institutes was not considered only within the areas at school like classroom and laboratory and comprised a natural, social and cultural research and examination area extending from immediate surroundings including the school to nearby villages, districts and regions. In the study, the screening model based on document analysis was used. According to the results of the study, education provided in the village institutes was based on the constructivist approach, and out-of-class learning environments were brought into prominence. The village institutes promoted an educational approach that was far from rote learning. They tried to make students comprehend and learn the benefits and application areas of courses in daily life. Out-of-class learning environments had a particular place in terms of materializing children’s ideas on nature and life through trips and observation. Thanks to such learning environments, students engaged in active learning, without getting bored, by doing-experiencing and at their own pace.
1937 yılında köylere öğretmen yetiştirmek amacıyla Köy öğretmen okulu açılmıştır. Daha sonra köy öğretmen okulları, Köy Enstitüleri olarak değiştirilmiştir. Köy enstitülerinde kültür dersleri tüm enstitülerde ortak özelliklerde olmasına rağmen, ziraat dersi ve çalışmalarıyla teknik ders ve çalışmaları her enstitünün kurulduğu bölgenin iklim özellikleri ve bölgenin ihtiyaçlarına göre şekillenmiştir. Aynı zamanda köy enstitülerinde öğrenme ortamı sadece sınıf ve laboratuvar gibi okul içerisindeki alanlarda düşünülmemiş, okulu kapsayan yakın çevreden başlayarak yakın köylere, ilçelere ve bölgelere kadar uzanan doğal, toplumsal ve kültürel bir araştırma ve inceleme alanını oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada tarihsel tarama modeli kullanılmış ve doküman incelemesi yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre köy enstitüsünde verilen eğitim yapısalcı yaklaşım esas alınarak yapılmış ve sınıf dışı öğrenme ortamları ön plana çıkarılmıştır. Köy enstitülerinde ezbercilikten uzak bir eğitim anlayışı görülmüştür. Derslerin günlük hayatta sağladıkları yararlar ve uygulama alanları öğrencilere kavratılarak öğretilmeye çalışılmıştır. Gezi ve gözlemlerle çocuğun doğaya ve hayata dair düşüncelerini harekete geçirmesi bakımından sınıf dışı öğrenme ortamları önemli bir yere sahiptir. Sınıf dışı öğrenme ortamları sayesinde öğrenciler sıkılmadan, yaparak- yaşayarak, kendi öğrenme hızında aktif öğrenmeyi gerçekleştirmiştir.
Primary Language | Turkish |
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Journal Section | Research & Theoretical Articles |
Authors | |
Publication Date | May 24, 2020 |
Submission Date | September 30, 2019 |
Acceptance Date | March 8, 2020 |
Published in Issue | Year 2020 Volume: 9 Issue: 1 |
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