Assessment of Compressive Strength Variations of Concrete Poured in-Site of Residential Buildings in Isoko District, Delta State, Nigeria

Year 2022, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 308 - 324, 31.12.2022

Hilary Uguru Ovie Akpokodje Goodnews Goodman Agbı

https://doi.org/10.46592/turkager.1128061

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Concrete with appreciable compressive strength is required for building constructions, to minimize the occurrence of building failures. Determination of the compressive strength of in-situ concrete produced in Isoko region of Nigeria was carried in this study. Concrete used for the construction of foundation wall footings for twenty residential buildings were sampled in the study. The compressive strength of the in-situ concrete was determined in accordance with ASTM standards. Field survey depicted that most (60%) of the concrete quality production process fell below the approved standard of 17 MPa, for residential buildings. The findings of the study revealed that the compressive strength of the in-situ concrete varied between 8.1 MPa and 19.8 MPa. Furthermore, the result of the compressive strength test showed that most (70%) of the in-situ concrete failed to meet the NIS recommended standard. Also, it was observed from the findings that proportionally, the concrete produced by conventional building/construction engineers was of a higher compressive strength, when compared to the concrete produced solely by masons. Based on observations obtained result obtained from this study, it is recommended that the Government should constantly educate building sites managers, on the need to adhere strictly to standard recommendations, in order to improve the quality of in-situ concretes produced.

Keywords

 Compressive strength,  In-situ concrete,  Nigeria,  Residential buildings,  Structural failure

Supporting Institution

none

Project Number

none

References

• Abdullahi M (2012). Effect of aggregate type on compressive strength of concrete. International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering, 2(3): 791-800.
• ACI 318 (2011). Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary. American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI.
• ACI 303R (2012). Guide to Cast-in-place Architectural Concrete Practice. American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI.
• ACI 332.1R-06 (2006). Guide to residential concrete construction. American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI.
• Adebayo SO (2010). An empirical ascertainment of the causes of building failure and collapse in Nigeria. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. 2: 8-17.
• Adewole KK, Oladejo JO, and Ajagbe WO (2014). Incessant collapse of buildings in nigeria: the possible role of the use of inappropriate cement grade/strength class. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 8(7): 832-828.
• Adewole KK, Ajagbe WO and Arasi IA (2015). Determination of appropriate mix ratios for concrete grades using Nigerian Portland-limestone grades 32.5 and 42.5.Leonardo Electronic Journal of Practices and Technologies, 6: 79-88.
• Adeyemi AO, Anifowose MA, Amototo IO, Adebara SA and Olawuyi MY (2019). Effect of water cement ratios on compressive strength of palm kernel shell concrete. LAUTECH Journal of Civil and Environmental Studies, 2(1): 119-124.
• Agbi GG, Akpokodje OI and Uguru H (2020). Compressive strength of commercially produced sandcrete blocks within Isoko Metropolis of Delta State, Nigeria. Turkish Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research (TURKAGER), 1(1): 91-103.
• Aguwa JI (2006). Effect of critical variable-time on concrete production. Journal of Science, Technology and Mathematics Education. 8(2): 23-39.
• Akpokodje O, Agbi GG and Uguru H (2020). Evaluation of cassava effluent as organic admixture in concrete production for farm structures. Turkish Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research (TURKAGER), 1(2): 271-282. https://doi.org/10.46592/turkager.2020.v01i02.005
• Akpokodje OI, Agbi GG and Uguru H (2021). Statistical evaluation of the effect of organic admixture on the mechanical properties of wood shavings-concrete for building construction. Saudi Journal of Civil Engineering, 5(7): 183-191.
• Amadi AN, Eze CJ, Igwe CO, Okunlola IA and Okoye NO (2012). Architect’s and geologist’s view on the causes of building failures in Nigeria. Modern Applied Science. 6(6): 31-38.
• ASTM C109 / C109M. (2020). Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA. Available online at: https://www.astm.org/Standards/C109.htm
• Bhattarai SK and Mishra AK (2017). Existing scenario of building code implementation in newly formed ‘‘Nagarjun Municipality”. Asian Journal of Science and Technology, 8 (11): 6751-6762.
• Chendo IG and Obi NI (2015). Building collapse in nigeria: the causes, effects, consequences and remedies. International Journal of Civil Engineering, Construction and Estate Management, 3(4): 41-49.
• Kumbhar PD and Murnal PB (2012). Assessment of suitability of existing mix design methods of normal concrete for designing high performance concrete. International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering, 3: 158-167.
• Marar K and Eren Ö (2011). Effect of cement content and water/cement ratio on fresh concrete properties without admixtures. International Journal of the Physical Sciences. 6: 5752-5765.
• Mathebula AM and Smallwood JJ (2017). Religious building collapses: The heavy price of short cuts in places of worship and pilgrimage site construction. Procedia Engineering, 196: 919-929. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.08.025
• Mishra G (2021). Concrete grade. Available online at: https://theconstructor.org/concrete/grades-concrete-strength-selection/20570/ Retrieved April 2022.
• Namyong J, Sangchun Y and Hongbum C (2004). Prediction of compressive strength of in-situ concrete based on mixture proportions, Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 3(1): 9-16.
• Obukoeroro J and Uguru HE (2021). Appraisal of electrical wiring and installations status in Isoko area of Delta State, Nigeria. Journal of Physical Science and Environmental Studies, 7(1):1-8.
• Odeyemi SO, Otunola OO, Adeyemi AO, Oyeniyan WO and Olawuyi MY (2015). Compressive strength of manual and machine compacted sandcrete hollow blocks produced from brands of Nigerian cement. American Journal of Civil Engineering, 3: 6-9.
• Okazaki K, Pribadi KS and Kusumastuti D (2012). Comparison of current construction practices of non-engineered buildings in developing countries. [online] available at www.iitk.ac.in Retrieved July 2020.
• Okumu VA, Oyawa WO and Shitote SM (2016). The effect of the properties of constituent materials on the quality of concrete in Kenya. Proceedings of the 2016 Annual Conference on Sustainable Research and Innovation, Nairobi, 225-230.
• Okumu VA, Shitote SM and Oyawa WO (2017). Influence of constituent materials properties on the compressive strength of in situ concrete in Kenya. Open Journal of Civil Engineering, 7: 63-81. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojce.2017.71004
• Oloyede SA, Omoogun CB and Akinjare OA (2010). Tackling causes of frequent building collapse in Nigeria. Journal of sustainable development. 3(3): 127-132.
• Oyawa WO, Githimba NK and Mang’urio GN (2016). Structural response of composite concrete filled plastic tubes in compression. Steel and Composite Structures, 21: 589-604.
• Ribeiro RRJ, Diogenes HJF, Nobrega MV and Debs ALHCE (2016). A survey of the mechanical properties of concrete for structural purposes prepared on construction sites, Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais 9 (5): 722-744, https://doi.org/10.1590/s1983-41952016000500005.
• Richard RL (2002). Leading the way in concrete repair and protection technology, Concrete Repair Association, Costa Rica. (1): 1-10.
• Salem MAA and Pandey RK (2017). Effect of cement-water ratio on compressive strength and density of concrete. International Journal of Advances in Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IJAMCE), 4(6): 75-77.
• Scanlon A (2013). Concrete in residential construction. The Pennsylvania Housing Research Center. Available online at https://www.phrc.psu.edu/assets/docs/Publications/AScanlon%20Quality_of_Concrete_Construction_final1.pdf Retrieved March, 2022.
• Sikhakhane J (2021). Building collapses are all too common in Lagos. Here’s why. https://theconversation.com/building-collapses-are-all-too-common-in-lagos-heres-why-165674 Retrieved April 2022.
• Sisay H (2017). School of graduate studies: Study on quality of site concrete production and its management practice in Addis Ababa housing projects (Case study on Koye Feche housing Projects). Master Level Thesis, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia.
• Uguru H (2016). Many structural faults in collapsed Nigerian church: Expert. Available online at: https://apnews.com/article/6b10d268b7b542e18f9428f9e9c29e19 Retrieved April 2022.
• Uguru H and Obukoeroro J (2020). Physical characteristics and electrical resistivity of electric cables sold in Delta State. A case Study of Isoko Metropolis. Journal of Engineering and Information Technology. 7(7): 155-162.
• USCS (2015). Soil classification basics. Available online at: http://faculty.uml.edu/ehajduk/Teaching/14.330/documents/14.330SoilClassification.pdf Retrieved April, 2020.