Teröristle Mücadelede Mantık-Caydırıcılık İkilemi

Year 2025, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 1 - 27, 30.06.2025

Ömer Furkan Demirci

https://doi.org/10.71138/turkav.1649059

Abstract

Terör örgütleri faaliyet gösterdikleri zaman ve mekan içerisinde değişiklik gösterse de, terörizmin devlet ve insan güvenliğine olan tehlikesi devam etmektedir. Siyasi çıkarları gereği birbirinden farklı terör ve terörizm tanımı yapan devletler, mücadele ettikleri terör örgütleri ve benimsedikleri terörizmle mücadele yöntemleri bakımından da birbiri ile farklılaşmaktadır. Politik hedeflerine ulaşmak amacı ile terörizmi stratejik bir araç olarak benimseyen terör örgütleri, içinde bulundukları mücadele koşulları, ideolojik altyapıları, toplumdan ve diğer devletlerden almış oldukları destek itibarı ile taktik ve tekniklerinde farklılıklar göstermektedir. Mantıklı birer aktör olarak ele alındığında terör örgütleri, gerçekleştirmeyi planladıkları eylemler sonucunda elde edecekleri göreceli kayıpların, elde edecekleri göreceli kazançtan fazla olduğuna yönelik maliyet hesaplaması yaptığı durumlarda bu eylemi gerçekleştirmeyi doğru görmemiş, kolluk kuvvetlerinin almış olduğu aktif ve pasif önlemler bu caydırıcılığa önemli katkı sağlamıştır. Ancak bir olgu olarak mantık, her ne kadar nesnel bir algıya sahip olsa da kültürel ve ideolojik sebeplerle farklılaşabilmekte, bir kişiye veya topluma mantıksız gelen bir eylem, başka birinin ya da grubun mantığına uyabilmektedir. Bu ise terör örgütlerinin örgütsel yapısının incelenerek, bu grupların sahip olduğu örgütsel mantığa uygun caydırıcı yöntemlerin belirlenmesini gerektirmektedir. Bu çalışma, terör örgütlerin kar-zarar hesaplamalarını daha iyi anlamak ve uygun teröristle mücadele yöntemleri benimsemek adına terör örgütlerinin farklılaşan mantıkları kavramayı amaçlamaktadır. Literatürde mantık, caydırıcılık, terörizmle mücadele gibi konular üzerine çalışmaların bulunmasına rağmen, farklı terör örgütlerinin nasıl caydırılabileceğine yönelik yeterli çalışmanın bulunmayışı sebebi ile önem arz etmektedir. Örgütsel (organizational approach) ve araçsal (instrumental approach) yaklaşımlardan faydalanılacak bu çalışmada, nitel araştırma metotlarından belge analizi yöntemi kullanılacak olup, birbirinden farklı teröristlere ve terör örgütlerine karşı caydırıcılığın kolluk ve güvenlik kuvvetleri tarafından nasıl oluşturulması gerektiği mantık-cayrıdırıcılık ikilemi üzerinden ele alınacaktır.

Keywords

Terörizm , Caydırıcılık , Mantık , Örgütsel Yaklaşım , Araçsal Yaklaşım

Logic-Deterrence Dichotomy In Counter-Terrorism

Abstract

Although terrorist organizations vary in time and space that they operate, the danger of terrorism to state and human security still continues. States that define terrorism and terrorism differently due to their political interests also differ from each other in the terrorist organizations they fight as well as the military methods that they use in countering terrorism. Terrorist organizations, which adopt terrorism as a strategic choice to achieve their political goals, differ in their tactics and techniques due to their dynamics of struggle, ideology, and the support they receive from the society and other states. As rational actors, terrorist organizations have been deterred by law enforcement and armed forces in cases where the received losses are greater than the received profit, causing them to halt or postpone their activities. The passive and active precautions that law enforcement forces take plays an important role in decreasing the probability of success of terrorist attack or deterring them altogether. Although it has an objective perception, the phenomenon of rationality or logic can be differentiated among the actors due to cultural and ideological reasons, and an action that seems illogical to one person may fit the logic of another. This requires examining the organizational structure of terrorist organizations and determining deterrent methods in accordance with the organizational logic of these groups. This study aims to grasp the differing logics of terrorist organizations in order to better understand the profit-loss calculations of terrorist organizations and to adopt appropriate counter-terrorist methods. In this study, which will benefit from organizational and instrumental approaches, how terrorist organization can be deterred by the law enforcement and armed forces will be examined based on the deterrence-rationality dichotomy, by using document analysis as a qualitative method.

Keywords

Terrorism , Deterrence , Logic , Organizational Approach , Instrumental Approach

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