TÜRKAV Kamu Yönetimi Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi

The aim of TURKAV Institute of Public Administration Social Sciences Journal is to contribute to the field of social sciences by publishing high quality original publications of scientific importance. For this purpose, original research articles, reviews, book reviews and letters to the editor are published in the fields of social sciences (Literature, History, Sociology, Philosophy, Psychology, Geography, Law, Business Administration, Political Science, Public Administration, International Relations, Economics, Finance, Labour Economics and Industrial Relations, Tourism and Hospitality). TURKAV Institute of Public Administration Social Sciences Journal is an independent, double-blind peer-reviewed, open access and online journal that aims to publish articles in the field of social sciences. Articles should describe original data that have not been previously published or submitted for publication elsewhere. Manuscripts that are deemed suitable for submission, journal writing rules and the scope of the journal are sent to at least two referees who are experts in their fields for scientific evaluation. The members of the Editorial Board of the TURKAV Institute of Public Administration Journal of Social Sciences then take into account the comments of the referees on each submission. The final decision for all submitted manuscripts belongs to the Editor-in-Chief. The Editorial Board of TURKAV Institute of Public Administration Journal of Social Sciences is committed to comply with the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) criteria.

Broadcast Content
TURKAV Institute of Public Administration Social Sciences Journal includes original scientific publications in the field of social sciences (Literature, History, Sociology, Philosophy, Psychology, Geography, Law, Business Administration, Political Science, Public Administration, International Relations, Economics, Finance, Labour Economics and Industrial Relations, Tourism and Hospitality). All published articles, except editorials, are subject to a double blind peer review process.

Subject Category
Social Sciences: Literature, History, Sociology, Philosophy, Psychology, Geography, Law, Business Administration, Political Science, Public Administration, International Relations, Economics, Finance, Labour Economics and Industrial Relations, Tourism and Hospitality

Keywords
History; Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, Ottoman History, Seljuk History, History of the Republic of Turkey, World History, European History, African History, History of Art, Economics and Administrative Sciences; International Relations, Political Science, Business Administration, Economics, Sociology; Family Sociology, Sociology of Religion, Sociology of Education and Social Science, Economic Sociology, Sociology of Communication, Sociology of Art, Sociology of Public Health, Political Sociology, Philosophy; Philosophy of Morals, Philosophy of Religion, Philosophy of Islam, Philosophy of Science, Philosophy of Education, Philosophy of Ethics, Education; Curriculum and Instruction, Educational Psychology, Special Education, Guidance, International Education, School Management, Measurement and Evaluation, Economics; Microeconomics, Macroeconomics, Economic History, History of Economic Thought, International Economics, Turkish Economy, Development Economics, Public Economics, Political Economy, Environmental Economics, Industrial Economics, Labour Economics, Agricultural Economics, New Economics, Tourism Economics, Mixed Economics, Business Economics, Democracy, World Economics, Turkish Economy, Development Economics, Public Economics, Politics, International Relations

Publication Language
Accepts articles in Turkish, German, French, English and Russian

Article Submissions
Submitted manuscripts must be appropriate to the purpose and scope of the journal. Original, unpublished manuscripts that are not in the evaluation process in another journal and whose content and submission have been approved by each author are accepted for evaluation.

Publication Period
It is published twice a year (Summer/June and Winter/December).

Readership
Target audience; Academics, researchers, undergraduate, graduate, postgraduate, doctoral students and interested people who are interested in the field of social sciences.

Fee Policy
The publication of articles in the journal and the execution of article processes are not subject to any fee. No processing fee or submission fee is charged under any name for articles submitted to the journal or accepted for publication.

Copyright
The copyrights of the works published in TURKAV Institute of Public Administration Journal of Social Sciences belong to their authors. Authors consent to the publication of their intellectual work by TURKAV Institute of Public Administration Social Sciences Journal under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) licence.

Originality of Articles
TURKAV Institute of Public Administration Journal of Social Sciences does not accept manuscripts previously published elsewhere.

Note: The published articles reflect the personal views of the authors. The financial and legal responsibility of the sources, opinions, findings, results, tables, figures, pictures and all kinds of content used in the published articles belongs to the authors. TURKAV Institute of Public Administration Journal of Social Sciences does not accept any responsibility for the content of the published articles. Published articles can be used by citing the source. No copyright fee is paid for the published articles.

Reader Letters/Letters: You can send your opinions, comments and suggestions about the articles published in our journal to the Editorial Directorate: turkavsosyalbilimlerdergisi@gmail.com

Article Preparation
Language: Turkish, English
The language of the journal is Turkish and English.
Article Types: Research Article, Review Article, Book Review
However, we advise the authors to make the work as concise as possible for dissemination.
Article Format: A4
Image Format: JPEG Minimum 300 dpi
Source Display Style: Chicago
Author Change: Only processed before the manuscript is accepted. Authors should carefully review the list and order of authors before submitting their manuscript and provide the final author list at the time of original submission.

Spelling Rules:
*Articles that do not comply with the following spelling rules will be rejected without being sent to the referee.
An author who submits an article to our journal cannot have his/her article published in two consecutive issues and in more than one issue in the same year. At least one issue must pass. Therefore, authors who submit more than one article for publication in the journal are deemed to have accepted this rule.
It is mandatory to use the "Article Template" in the articles to be sent to our journal.

1. Spelling rules should be based on the latest edition of the Turkish Language Association Spelling Guide.

2. Articles to be submitted to TURKAV Institute of Public Administration Social Sciences Journal should be prepared in "Microsoft Word" programme.
Page Layout should be as follows:
Paper Size A4 Vertical
Top Margin Gap 2.5 cm

Bottom Edge Gap 2.5 cm
Left margin 2.5 cm
Right margin 2.5 cm

3. Studies submitted to TURKAV Institute of Public Administration Social Sciences Journal should be written according to CHICAGO footnote style rules. The typeface should be Garamond, 12-point font, line spacing should be Single (1), and footnotes should be written in Garamond 10-point font.
In the studies to be published from the 6th issue of Turkav (KYE-SBD), Central Asia: Turkistan; Maveraü'n-Nehir: Lower Turkestan; Amu-Derya: Ceyhun; Sir-Derya: Seyhun; Turkic Republics: Turkic Republics; Dnieper: Özi (Özü); Volga: Idil (İtil); Dniester: Turla; Dniester: Turla, it has been deemed appropriate to use our national terms. Authors are deemed to have accepted that these terms may be automatically changed in the articles to be published by our editorial board.

Writing Layout
Font Garamond
Font Style Normal
Size (normal text) 12
Size (summary) 10
Size (footnote text) 10
Line Spacing Single (1)
Paragraph Spacing First 6 pt, then 0 pt
Paragraph Indent
The first line of each paragraph should be indented 1 inch from the left margin. The TAB key or the automatic paragraph formatting function of a word processing programme should be used to indent. The space bar should not be used to indent.
Note: (The necessary adjustments are made in the writing template. In case you break the settings, follow the above order)

4. Author's title, name and surname should be written under the main title in 12 font size and aligned to the centre. Place of duty (if any), address, e-mail and ORCID information should be given respectively.

5. While specifying the article metadata on the page where the article is submitted to our journal, the "Copyright Notification Text" must be filled in by the author and must be added to the system with wet signature during full text upload. If the articles to be submitted to our journal have more than one author, all authors must sign the "Copyright Notification Text".

6. All articles submitted to our journal are scanned in the Turnitin programme and a similarity report is obtained for the article. The similarity rate should not exceed 15% and the single source similarity rate should not exceed 3%.

7. At the beginning of the article to be uploaded to the article tracking system, there should be two abstracts consisting of 200-300 words in English and in the language in which it is written, stating the purpose, scope, method and results of the study.

8. 3-5 keywords should be included under the abstracts. The first line of the abstract should be left justified (indented).

9. The articles should not include details such as page numbers, headers and footers.

10. Articles submitted to the journal should be at least 2,000 and at most 15,000 words, including notes, tables and diagrams. The article should include an Introduction and a Conclusion section. All references used in the article should be indicated in the References section.

Headings:

Section labels: Section labels (e.g. "Abstract", "References") should be centred and bold. The first letter of all words in headings should be capitalised. Headings should not be numbered.
Level 1 Headings: Centred, Bold
Level 2 Headings: Left Justified, Bold
Level 3 Headings: Left justified, Bold, Italic
Level 4 Headings: Indented, Bold, Ending with a Period.
Level 5 Headings: Indented, Bold, Italic, Ending with a Period.
(Note: Set your headings up to level 4 at most).

Tables and Figures:
• The table number should be in plain text and bold font and placed above the table.
• Table number should be placed above the table title.
• A full stop should not be placed at the end of the table number.
• The title of the table should be written in italic and capital letters and should be placed on a separate line below the table number.
• There should be no vertical lines in the table and as few horizontal lines as possible.
• Each table should have column headings.
• In addition, some tables may have keys such as first column headings, sub-column headings and sub-table headings.
• Column headings in the table should be centred and the first letters of the words in the heading should be capitalised.
• Figure numbers should be placed above the figure.
• Figure captions should be italicised and the first letters should be capitalised and should be placed below the figure number.
• Notes should be added for extra explanations when necessary and should be placed below the figure.
Tables and figures should be single-spaced. In tables, the font size can be reduced to 8 points when necessary.

11. Conditions for Publishing Translations and Book Reviews
a. Translation and Book Review should be based on the spelling rules of Turkav Public Institute Journal of Social Sciences.
b. In translated articles, the translator must obtain a letter of permission from the author (s) of the relevant article or journals.
c. All copyright costs in translated articles belong to the translator.
d. A copy of the original version of the translated articles showing the source of publication must be uploaded to the files section in the Dergipark system together with the translation sent to the journal. The article sent without these documents will be returned to the relevant person without being processed.
e. In translated articles, the information of the source of the translation should be indicated in the footnote.
f. In translated articles, if there is an abstract in the original article, the translator should use it without any additions. If there is no abstract in the articles, he/she can write an abstract with a few sentences since he/she needs to add an abstract to the Dergipark system.
g. A book review should not be a summary of a work, but a critical evaluation of the book. It should shed light on the most important points put forward in the book under review and discuss them critically.

12. Quotations:
• Short quotations (less than 40 words)
For quotations of less than 40 words, add quotation marks around the words and no formatting is required when incorporating the quotation into your own text. Do not add ellipses at the beginning and/or end of quotations unless the original source contains an ellipsis.
• Long quotations (more than 40 words)
This quotation should begin on a new line half an inch (1.25 cm) in from the left side. If the quoted section is to be followed by a second paragraph, the first line should start half an inch further in. At the end of the block quotation, the cited source should be cited in parentheses after the last punctuation mark. The block quotation should not be enclosed in quotation marks.

13. Footnotes:
a. Footnotes should be given after the full stop in the text.
b. Footnotes should be in Garamond font, 10 pt, single-spaced, justified.
c. In footnotes, the first mention of the source names (books, theses, encyclopedia or journal names) should be italicised and the author's "Name and Surname, Name of the Source, Volume Number (if any), Publisher, Place of Publication, Date and Page Number should be written respectively.
d. If more than one work of the same author is to be used, the name of the work or the abbreviated name of the work should be given instead of the abbreviations age, agm.

14. Examples of Single Authored Book and Thesis Footnotes:
Bahaeddin Ögel, Türk Kültür Tarihine Giriş, C. 4, Turkish Historical Society (can be written as TTK), Ankara 2023, p. 12.
Saadettin Yağmur Gömeç, Türk Kültürünün Ana Hatları, Berikan Yayınevi, Ankara 2014, p. 54.
Saadettin Yağmur Gömeç, Türk Destanlarına Giriş, Berikan Publishing House, Ankara 2015, p. 87.
Onur Yıldız, Eski Türklerde Spor Kültürü, Atayurt Publishing House, Ankara 2023, p. 30.
Umut Yolsever, I. Sahib Giray Han ve Dönemi, Eskişehir Osmangazi University Institute of Social Sciences (Unpublished PhD Thesis), Eskişehir 2023, p. 60.

a. For repeated references, the surname of the author and the type of source should be written as age, agm, agt, and the page number should be added. In more than one work of the same author, the name of the work should be briefly stated.
b. For the abbreviations in the article, for example; "see: bk.", "editor: ed.", "preparer: haz.", "translator: çev.", should be written. They should be written according to TDK abbreviations index.
Example:
Ögel, age, C. 4, p. 26.
Gömeç, Türk Kültürünün Ana Hatları, p. 54.
Gömeç, Türk Destanlarına Giriş, p. 87.
Yıldız, age, p. 56.
Yolsever, agt, p. 45.

15. Examples of Footnotes in Books with Two or More Authors:
Sezai Balcı, Ahmet Yadi, Osmanlı Bürokrasisinde Yahudiler, Libra Publishing House, Istanbul 2013, p. 68.
Balcı, Yadi, age, p. 100.
Tuba Tombuloğlu, Fatih Bostancı, Ahmet Korkmaz, Timurlular Tarihi, Türkav Publications, Ankara 2024, p. 191.
Tombuloğlu, Bostancı, Korkmaz, age, p. 200.

16. Articles and Encyclopaedia Articles Footnotes Examples:
Özkan İzgi, "The Oldest Cultures of Central Asia and Relations with Chinese Civilisation", Türkler, ed. Hasan Celal Güzel, Salim Koca, C.1, Ankara 2002, p. 464.
Ömer Faruk Akün, "Mehmed Fuad Köprülü", Diyanet Islamic Encyclopaedia (DİA), C. 28, Istanbul 2013, p. 473.
İzgi, agm, p. 464.
Akün, agm, p. 473.

17. Translated Works:
Lev Nikolayevich Gumilev, Hunlar, trans. Ahsen Batur, Selenge Publications, Istanbul 2003, p. 140.
Gumilev, age, p. 210.

18. Proceedings:
Ahmet Caferoğlu, "Türklerde Av Kültü ve Müessesesi", VII. Türk Tarih Kongresi Bildirileri, C. I, Ankara 1973, p. 170.
Caferoğlu, agm, p. 170.

19. Book Chapters and Others:
Tuba Tombuloğlu, "The Economic Situation of Fergana According to the Travellers (18th-19th Centuries)", Seyyahların İzinde Türkistan, ed. Mustafa Gökçe, Pegem Akademi, Ankara 2019, p. 177.
Onur Yıldız, "Sports Magazines from the Ottoman Empire to the Republic", Kitap ve Kütüphane Kitaplar ile Geçen Bir Ömür Mustafa Vedat Sönmeze Armağan, ed. Alpaslan Demir, Tuba Tombuloğlu, Sezai Balcı, Efe Akademi Yayınları, Istanbul 2021, p. 400.
Tombuloğlu, agm, p. 177.
Yıldız, agm, p. 400.

20. Footnote Examples for Archival Documents:
BOA (State Archives Presidency Ottoman Archives) Bab-ı Asafi, Mektubi Kalemi Mühimme Evrakı, (BOA. A. MKT. MHM.), 439/79, 22 March 1869 (1285.Z.8).
BCA (Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı Cumhuriyet Arşivi), Yassıada Tutanakları "Vatan Cephesi", 010. 09/ 212. 656.1, 10.05.1961.

21. Examples of Footnotes from Newspapers and Internet Sites:
The name of the source obtained from the Internet should be in quotation marks and the name and surname of the author, the name of the source, the address of the web page, and the date of access should be stated respectively.
Example: Salim Koca, "Turkish Image in the Islamic Civilisation", http://isamveri.org/pdfdrg/D03266/2010_6/2010_6_KOCAS.pdf, Access Date: 20.10.2018.

22. Appendices:
Appendices: Appendix labels and headings should be centred (and bold).

23. Bibliography:
a. A bibliography should be given at the end of the work. The bibliography can be grouped under the names of archival sources, books, articles, theses, theses, encyclopaedia articles, etc. depending on the nature of the work.
b. In this section, the surname and then the name of the author should be given first. Other information about the source should be listed according to the rules given under the heading "Footnote".
c. The bibliography should be arranged in alphabetical order of surnames.
d. In the bibliography, only the works that are used in the text or information is given should be shown.
e. The pages between which the articles and encyclopaedia articles are located in the publication should be shown.
Examples:
AKÜN, Ömer Faruk, "Mehmed Fuad Köprülü", Diyanet Islam Encyclopedia, C. 28, Istanbul 2013, pp. 471-486.
BALCI, Sezai, YADİ, Ahmet, Osmanlı Bürokrasisinde Yahudiler, Libra Publishing House, Istanbul 2013.
CAFEROĞLU, Ahmet, "Türk Onomastiğinde At Kültü", Türkiyat Mecmuası, C. 10, İstanbul 1953, pp. 201-212.
GÖMEÇ, Saadettin Yağmur, Türk Destanlarına Giriş, Berikan Publishing House, Ankara 2015.
YOLSEVER, Umut, I. Sahib Giray Han ve Dönemi, Eskişehir Osmangazi University Institute of Social Sciences (Unpublished PhD Thesis), Eskişehir 2023.
BOA (State Archives Presidency Ottoman Archives), Bab-ı Asafi, Mektubi Kalemi Mühimme Evrakı.
BCA (State Archives Presidency Republican Archives): Yassıada Minutes "Vatan Cephesi".

Source Display Style
Articles should be prepared according to the Chicago Citation System. In the discipline, the Chicago footnoted or in-text system, whichever is widely used, may be preferred.

Final Checklist
It is hoped that this list will be useful during the final check of the manuscript before it is uploaded to the journal system.
Make sure that the following items are present:
1. Author information added.
• E-mail address
• Full postal address
• Telephone number
2. All necessary files have been uploaded.
• Article text
• Copyright Agreement
3. The article has been "spell-checked" and "grammar-checked".
4. All references mentioned in the bibliography are cited in the text and vice versa.

Submit Article
The account of the corresponding author of the study should be used in the submissions. All correspondence regarding the application is sent to the corresponding author by e-mail sent through the journal system.
When uploading the manuscript file, make sure that this file does not contain any elements that will decipher the identity of the author due to the double-blind review process.
Files You Need to Upload Separately:
1) Full Article Text

Author's Guide

Duties and Responsibilities of Authors

Authorship and Contribution
Authorship should be limited to those who made significant contributions to the conception, design, conduct, or interpretation of the study. All significant contributors should be listed as co-authors. If there are minor contributors, e.g. language editing, they should be acknowledged in the acknowledgements section. The corresponding author should ensure that all co-authors have seen and approved the final version of the manuscript and agree to its submission for publication. Authors are expected to carefully review the list and order of authors before submitting their manuscript and to provide the final author list at the time of original submission. Only in exceptional circumstances will the editor consider the addition, deletion, or reorganisation of authors after the manuscript has been submitted. All authors must agree to any such addition, deletion or reorganisation. Authors take joint responsibility for the work.

Author Change Requests
Addition, deletion or rearrangement of author names in the author list can only be made before the manuscript is accepted and only if approved by the Editor of the journal.
If such a change is requested, the Editor will request from the responsible author (a) the reason for the change in the author list and (b) written confirmation (e-mail) from all authors that they agree to the addition. Only in exceptional cases will the Editor consider the addition, deletion or reorganisation of authors after the article has been accepted.

Article Writing
Authors of original research papers should address the topic in an original way and with an objective discussion. The paper should include sufficient detail and references to allow others to replicate the work. Fraudulent or knowingly false statements constitute unethical behaviour and are unacceptable.

Authenticity
The author should provide assurance that the article is original, has not been previously published elsewhere, and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, in another language.

Using Original Sources and Citation
Authors must ensure that they have written entirely original work and, if they have used the work or words of others, that this is properly cited. Privately obtained information, such as in conversations, correspondence or discussions with third parties, should not be used without the express written permission of the source.

Data Access and Preservation
Authors may be asked to provide research data supporting their articles for editorial review and/or to comply with the journal's open data requirements. Authors should be prepared to provide public access to such data, if possible, and to retain such data for a reasonable period after publication. The journal recommends uploading research data to TUBITAK's Aperta Portal.

Multiple and Simultaneous Publication
An author should not publish an article containing the same research in more than one journal. It is unethical to submit the same article to more than one journal at the same time. An author should not submit a previously published article for consideration in another journal, except in the form of an abstract.

Publication of Studies Based on Questionnaires and Interviews
For research in all disciplines that require ethics committee approval (ethics committee approval must be obtained, this approval must be stated and documented in the article. In researches requiring ethics committee approval, information about the approval (name of the committee, date and number) should be included in the method section, as well as on one of the first/last pages of the article; in case reports, information on the signature of the informed consent form should be included in the article.

Conflict of Interest
Any financial or other interest that may cause the person to be conflicted in his/her work, significantly impair his/her objectivity, or provide an unfair advantage in favour of any person or organisation. All sources of financial support received during the conduct of the research and preparation of the manuscript and the role of sponsors in the study should be disclosed. If there is no source of funding, this should also be indicated. Examples of potential conflicts of interest that should be disclosed include consultancies, salaries, grants. Potential conflicts of interest should be disclosed at the earliest possible stage.

Error Reporting
When an author notices a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her published work, he/she should notify the journal immediately. It is also the author's obligation to co-operate in withdrawing or correcting the manuscript if deemed necessary by the editor. If the editor or publisher learns from a third party that a published work contains errors, it is the author's obligation to co-operate with the editor, including informing the editor.

Image Integrity
It is unacceptable to enhance, darken, move, remove or add a specific feature in an image. Authors must adhere to the policy for graphic images implemented by the journal.

Publication Ethics Principles
Publication Ethics can be defined as a self-regulatory mechanism that insists on integrity on behalf of authors, reviewers and publishers to establish higher standards of editorial processing. Ethical standards for publication exist to ensure high-quality scientific publications, public confidence in scientific findings, and respect for people's opinions.
• Honest researchers do not plagiarise.
• They do not misattribute sources.
• They do not hide objections they cannot refute.
• They do not distort opposing views.
• They do not destroy or conceal data.

Peer-reviewed studies are studies that support and realise the scientific method. At this point, it is of great importance that all parties involved in the publication process (authors, readers and researchers, publisher, referees and editors) comply with ethical principles. TURKAV Institute of Public Administration Social Sciences Journal adheres to national and international standards on research and publication ethics. It complies with the Press Law, the Law on Intellectual and Artistic Works and the Directive on Scientific Research and Publication Ethics of Higher Education Institutions. TURKAV Institute of Public Administration Social Sciences Journal has adopted the International Ethical Publishing Principles published by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) and Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA). It also undertakes to comply with the decisions of the Turkish Editors' Workshop.
• Press Law (National Legislation)
• Law on Intellectual and Artistic Works (National Legislation)
• Higher Education Institutions Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Directive (National Legislation)
• Transparency and Best Practice Principles in Academic Publishing (International Criteria)
• Turkey Editors' Workshop Decisions (National Criteria)

Replay
Republishing is the publication of the same article or substantially similar articles in more than one journal. The editor sends such an article back without reviewing it. Thereafter, the editor may impose an embargo for a certain period of time on the author who has attempted to republish, publicise this situation in the journal in which the author has previously published (perhaps by simultaneous announcement with the editor of the journal that published the previous article), or apply all of these measures together.

Simultaneous submission of the same work to more than one journal
Authors may not submit the same article to more than one journal at the same time. If the editor learns of possible simultaneous submission, he/she reserves the right to consult with the other editor(s) receiving the manuscript. In addition, the editor may return the manuscript without review or reject the manuscript without considering the reviews, or take this decision in discussion with the other editor(s) involved, and may decide not to accept submissions from authors for a certain period of time. It may also write to the authors' employers or take all of these measures together.

Control to Prevent Plagiarism
Plagiarism is presenting the ideas, methods, data, applications, writings, forms or works of others as one's own work in whole or in part without citing their owners in accordance with scientific rules.
TURKAV Institute of Public Administration Social Sciences Journal scans all submitted articles to prevent plagiarism. Studies submitted for review are checked for plagiarism using Turnitin software. The similarity rate is expected to be less than 15%. The main measure of similarity is the author's compliance with the rules of citation and citation. If the similarity rate is 1%, but citation and quotation are not done properly, plagiarism may still be in question. In this respect, citation and quotation rules should be known and carefully applied by the author.
Plagiarism, duplication, false authorship/confessed authorship, research/data fabrication, article slicing, sliced publication, copyright infringement and concealment of conflict of interest are considered unethical behaviours. All articles that do not comply with accepted ethical standards are removed from publication. This includes articles containing possible irregularities and non-conformities detected after publication.

Forgery
To produce data that is not based on research, to edit or change the work presented or published on the basis of unreal data, to report or publish them, to show a research that has not been done as if it has been done.
Falsifying research records and data obtained, showing methods, devices and materials that were not used in the research as if they were used, not evaluating data that do not comply with the research hypothesis, manipulating data and/or results to fit the relevant theory or assumptions, falsifying or shaping the research results in line with the interests of the persons and organisations supported.

Protection of Personal Data of Participants
The TURKAV Institute of Public Administration Social Sciences Journal requires that all research involving personal or sensitive data or materials relating to human participants that are not legally publicly available be subject to formal ethical review.

Addressing Allegations of Research Misconduct
TURKAV Institute of Public Administration Social Sciences Journal follows COPE's Ethical Toolkit for a Successful Editorial. The editors of TURKAV Institute of Public Administration Social Sciences Journal will take measures to prevent the publication of articles in which plagiarism, citation manipulation, data falsification, data fabrication and other research misconduct have occurred. In no case will the editors of TURKAV Institute of Public Administration Journal of Social Sciences knowingly allow such misconduct to occur. In the event that the editors of TURKAV Institute of Public Administration Social Sciences Journal are aware of any allegations of research misconduct related to an article published in their journal, they will follow COPE's guidelines regarding allegations.

Ethical Violation Notifications
Readers can send an e-mail to turkavsosyalbilimlerdergisi@gmail.com when they notice a significant error or inaccuracy in an article published in TURKAV Institute of Public Administration Journal of Social Sciences or if they have any complaints about the editorial content (plagiarism, duplicate articles, etc.). We welcome applications as it will provide an opportunity for us to improve, and we will respond quickly and constructively.

Correction, Retraction, Expression of Concern
Editors may consider publishing a correction if minor errors are detected in the published article that do not affect the findings, interpretations and conclusions. Editors should consider retracting the manuscript if there are major errors/violations that invalidate the findings and conclusions. Editors should consider issuing a statement of concern if there is a possibility of research or publication misconduct by the authors; if there is evidence that the findings are unreliable and the authors' institutions have not investigated the incident; or if the possible investigation appears unfair or inconclusive. COPE guidelines regarding correction, retraction or expression of concern are taken into account.

Publication of Studies Based on Surveys and Interviews
TÜRKAV Institute of Public Administration Social Sciences Journal adopts the principles of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) "Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors" and "Code of Conduct for Journal Publishers" in order to provide ethical assurance in scientific periodical publishing. In this context, the following points should be complied with in the studies submitted to the journal:
1) For research in all disciplines that require ethics committee approval (ethics committee approval must be obtained, this approval must be stated and documented in the article.
2) In studies requiring ethics committee authorisation, information about the authorisation (name of the committee, date and number) should be included in the method section and also on one of the first/last pages of the article; in case reports, information on the signature of the informed consent form should be included in the article.

Special Issue Publication Policy
A special issue can be published once a year upon the request of the Editorial Board. Articles submitted for inclusion in the special issue are first subjected to a preliminary editorial review. Then, they are examined for compliance with the journal's spelling rules and similarity screening is performed to prevent plagiarism. After these stages, they are included in the peer review process using the double-blinding model.

Editorial Confidentiality Obligation
The editors of TURKAV Institute of Public Administration Social Sciences Journal treat all submitted manuscripts as confidential documents, which means that they will not disclose information about a manuscript to anyone without the authors' permission. During the manuscript review process, the following people have access to the manuscripts: Editors, Reviewers, Editorial Board Members. The only situation in which details about a manuscript may be passed to a third party without the authors' permission is if the editor suspects serious research misconduct.

Allegations-Suspicions of Scientific Misconduct
There are different definitions of scientific misconduct. As TURKAV Institute of Public Administration Social Sciences Journal, we address these issues on a case-by-case basis while following the guidance established by major publication ethics bodies. If the editor suspects or alleges an ethical violation, they are obliged to take action. This duty extends to both published and unpublished articles. The editor should not simply reject articles raising concerns about possible misconduct. He/she is ethically obliged to follow up on alleged cases. The editor should follow COPE flowcharts when appropriate. Editors should first seek a response from those suspected of misconduct. If they are not satisfied with the response, they should ask the relevant employer or organisation to investigate. The editor should make all reasonable endeavours to ensure that an appropriate investigation into the alleged misconduct is carried out; if this fails, the editor should make all reasonable attempts to insist on a resolution to the problem. This is an onerous but important task.

TURKAV Institute of Public Administration Social Sciences Journal follows COPE's Ethical Toolkit for a Successful Editorial Office. The editors of TURKAV Institute of Public Administration Social Sciences Journal will take measures to prevent the publication of articles in which plagiarism, citation manipulation, data falsification, data fabrication and other research misconduct have occurred. In no case will TURKAV Institute of Public Administration Journal of Social Sciences or its editors knowingly allow such misconduct to occur. In the event that the editors of the TURKAV Institute of Public Administration Social Sciences Journal become aware of any allegations of research misconduct in relation to an article published in their journal, they will follow COPE's guidelines regarding allegations.

Reviewers should inform the Editor if they suspect research or publication misconduct. The Editor is responsible for taking necessary action in accordance with COPE recommendations.

TURKAV Journal of Social Sciences of Institute of Public Administration undertakes to follow the COPE flowcharts when faced with allegations of misconduct on the following or similar issues.
• What to do when republication is suspected
• What to do when plagiarism is suspected
• What to do if fabricated data is suspected
• What to do when requesting a change of authorship
• What to do if an undisclosed conflict of interest is suspected
• What to do if unfair or gift authorship is suspected
• What to do when an ethical problem is suspected in an article
• What to do when the suspicion of ethical violation is directly notified by e-mail, etc.
• What to do when a suspected ethical violation is announced via social media

Complaint Procedure
This procedure applies to complaints about content, procedures or policies that are the responsibility of TURKAV Institute of Public Administration Social Sciences Journal or our editorial staff. Complaints can provide an opportunity and incentive for improvement and we aim to respond in a prompt, courteous and constructive manner.
The complaint should relate to content, procedures or policies that are the responsibility of TURKAV Institute of Public Administration Social Sciences Journal or our editorial team. Complaints should be emailed directly to turkavsosyalbilimlerdergisi@gmail.com and will be treated confidentially. The editor responds to complaints immediately. The editor follows the procedure outlined in the COPE flowchart regarding complaints.
Complaints are reviewed by the relevant member of the editorial team and, if not resolved, the following processes are followed:
• If this initial response is considered inadequate, the complainant may request that the complaint be forwarded to a more senior member of the journal.
• If the complainant is not satisfied, the complaint may be forwarded to the editor-in-chief.
• If possible, a full response will be given within two weeks.
COPE publishes a code of practice for editors of scientific journals. This should facilitate the resolution of disputes with editors, journals and publishers, but only after the journal's own complaints procedures have been exhausted.

Appeal Process
We welcome serious objections to the evaluations made by editors and reviewers. If you feel that we have rejected your paper because we misunderstood its scientific content, please send an appeal message to our editorial team at turkavsosyalbilimlerdergisi@gmail.com. Do not attempt to submit a revised version of your manuscript at this stage. If, after reading your appeal letter, we realise that your appeal is justified, we may invite you to submit a revised version of your manuscript. Your manuscript will then be resubmitted to the external reviewer process. Please include as much detail as possible in the appeal letter. Finally, we can only consider one appeal per manuscript, so please take the time and effort to write the letter in detail to make your appeal clear - you have one chance, so use it well. We have found that prolonged deliberation over rejected papers is often unsatisfactory for both authors and editors, so we do not process multiple appeals for the same paper.

Conflicts of Interest
A conflict of interest arises when professional judgement about a primary interest may be influenced by a secondary interest (such as financial gain or personal competition). We believe that we need to know the authors' competing interests in order to make the best judgement about how to handle an article, and that readers should know them if we publish the article.
Any interest, financial or otherwise, which may cause one to be conflicted in one's work, significantly impair one's objectivity, or give an unfair advantage to any person or organisation. All sources of financial support received during the conduct of the research and preparation of the manuscript and the role of sponsors in the study should be disclosed. If there is no source of funding, this should also be indicated. Examples of potential conflicts of interest that should be disclosed include consultancies, salaries, grants. Potential conflicts of interest should be disclosed at the earliest possible stage.
TURKAV Institute of Public Administration Social Sciences Journal has a set process for handling submissions from editors, staff or editorial board members to ensure impartial review. Such submissions are first referred to other journals. If this is not possible, the owner of the submission is suspended from the journal. These submissions are reviewed in a double blind process.
The editor should not be involved in decisions about manuscripts written by him/herself or family members. Furthermore, such a paper should be subject to all the usual procedures of the journal. The editor should follow the COPE guidelines on disclosure of potential conflicts of interest by authors and reviewers.

Principles of Research Ethics
TURKAV Institute of Public Administration Social Sciences Journal observes the highest standards in research ethics and adopts the international research ethics principles defined below. It is the responsibility of the authors to ensure that the articles comply with ethical rules.
• The principles of integrity, quality and transparency should be ensured in the design, review of the design and conduct of the research.
• The research team and participants should be fully informed about the purpose of the research, its methods and possible uses; the requirements and risks, if any, of participation in the research.
• Confidentiality of information provided by research participants and confidentiality of respondents must be ensured. The research should be designed to protect the autonomy and dignity of the participants.
• Research participants should take part in the research voluntarily and should not be under any coercion.
• Harm to the participants should be avoided. The research should be planned in a way that does not put the participants at risk.
• Research independence must be clear and explicit; if there is a conflict of interest, it must be stated.
• In experimental studies with human subjects, the written informed consent of the participants who decide to participate in the research must be obtained. The consent of the legal guardian of children and those under guardianship or those with a recognised mental illness must be obtained.
• If the study will be carried out in any institution or organisation, approval must be obtained from this institution or organisation that the study will be conducted.
• In studies with a human element, it should be stated in the "method" section that "informed consent" has been obtained from the participants and ethics committee approval has been obtained from the institution where the study is conducted.

The publication of articles in the journal and the execution of article processes are not subject to any fee. No processing fee or submission fee is charged under any name for articles submitted to the journal or accepted for publication.