GÖKTÜRK PRENSESİ VE ÇİN İMPARATORİÇESİ ASENA’NIN (AŞİNA/ASHİNA) KAYIP ALTINLARI

Year 2020, Issue: 33, 57 - 89, 18.11.2020

Nuraniye Hidayet Ekrem

https://doi.org/10.20427/turkiyat.772290

Abstract

Öz: Göktürk Prensesi ve Çin İmparatoriçesi Asena (Aşina, A-shih-na阿史那皇后) (551-582), Orta Asya Türk siyasi tarihindeki ikinci büyük Türk devleti ve Türk adıyla ortaya çıkan ilk devlet olan Göktürk Devleti’ni kuran Bumin Kağan’ın torunudur. Aynı zamanda Göktürk Devleti’nin üçüncü hakanı olmakla birlikte Orta Asya’daki Türk boylarının büyük çoğunluğunu egemenliği altında toplayan ve o tarihe kadar bu bölgeye hükmeden Avar Kağanlığını (Rouran柔然) yıkarak ortadan kaldıran, Kitanlar ve Kırgızları egemenliği altına alarak Çin’e Göktürk üstünlüğünü kabul ettirirken Göktürk Devleti’ni de devrinin en güçlü devletlerinden biri hâline getiren Mukan Kağan’ın üçüncü kızıdır. Prenses Asena, aynı zamanda Göktürk Devleti’nin kuruluşundan kısa bir süre sonra Çin’in kuzeyinde ortaya çıkan Kuzey Cou (Bei Zhou北周) Tabgaç Hanedanlığı (Tuo-ba/ Tou-pa/Toba/Tuba/Tuva/Tıva/ 托跋 /拓跋, MS 557-581) İmparatoru Yüven Yong’un (Yuwen Yong宇文邕, 543-578) da İmparatoriçe eşidir (北周武帝宇文邕). Prenses Asena, Çin kaynaklarında Kuzey Cou Hükümdarı Yüven Yong’un İmparatoriçe eşi (宇文邕的皇后), Cou İmparatoriçesi (周武德皇后), Vudı (Wude) İmparatoriçesi (武德皇后), Tianyuan Ana İmparatoriçe (天元皇太后) gibi unvan ve sıfatlarla anılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Çin kaynakları ışığında Göktürk Prensesi Asena’nın 1993/4 yılında Şiao aile mezarlığında (Xiaoling 孝陵) bulunan ve daha sonra mezar hırsızları ve antika kaçakçıları tarafından çalınan kayıp altın objeleri ele alınmıştır.
Anahtar kelimeler: Göktürk Prensesi Asena, Çin İmparatoriçesi Asena, Tabgaçlar, Kuzey Cou Hanedanlığı, Göktürk dönemi metal teknolojisi, Göktürk dönemi antik yaldız teknolojisi.

Keywords

Göktürk Prensesi Asena, Çin imparatoriçesi Asena, Tabgaçlar, Kuzey Cou Hanedanlığı,, Göktürk dönemi metal teknolojisi, Göktürk dönemi antik yaldız teknolojisi.

The Lost Golden Artifacts of Princess Asena Empress of China and the Gokturks

Abstract

Abstract: Asena, (according to chinese sources also known as Asina, Ašina, A-shih-na (阿史那皇后), 551-582) the Gokturk’s Princess and Empress of China was the granddaughter of Bumin Qaghan who established the second great Gokturk state in the Turkic political history of Central Asia. He was the founder of the first Gokturk Khaganate that used the name Türk. She is also the third daughter of Muqan Qaghan, the third Khan of the Gokturk Khaganate who eradicated the Avar Khaganate ( Rouran柔然) that had the majority of the Turkic tribes in Central Asia under its domain and until then ruled the region; subjugated the Kitans and Kyrgyz people and as a result made China recognise the superiority of the Gokturks. The Gokturk Princess Asena was the Empress of the Emperor Yuwen Yong (also known as Emperor Wu (Yu Wenyong) of Northern Zhou (Dynasty) (北周武帝宇文邕) from the Tuoba Clan of the Northern Zhou (北周) (557-581) who established himself at the northern side of China soon after the Gokturk Khaganate was founded. In the Chinese sources, she was referred to with titles and names such as the Empress of Yuwen Yong (宇文邕的皇后), Empress Wude (武德皇后) and Empress Dowager Tianyuan (天元皇太后). This study examines the lost golden objects of the Gokturk Princess Asena discovered in 1993/4 at the Xiao Ancestral Cemetery and later stolen by tomb raiders and antique smugglers in the light of the Chinese sources.
Keywords: Göktürk Princess Asena, Chinese Empress Asena, Tabgach, Northern Zhou Dynasty, Turkish ancient metal technology, Turkish ancient gilding technology.

Keywords

Göktürk Princess Asena, Chinese Empress Asena,, Tabgach, Northern Zhou Dynasty,, Turkish ancient metal technology, Turkish ancient gilding technology.

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