Evaluation of antioxidant, antimicrobial, and α-amylase enzyme inhibition properties of Rosa canina seed extracts prepared with different solvents using maceration and ultrasound-assisted extraction methods

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 85 - 96, 31.05.2025

Kağan Kılınç , İmdat Aygül , Osman Akmeşe , Cemalettin Baltacı , Mohammed Abdulsamed Hafedh

https://doi.org/10.51435/turkjac.1643744

Abstract

The efficient extraction of bioactivities from medicinal plants relies on the selection of solvents and methods during the extraction process, which should be chosen according to the plant's phytochemical properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different solvents and extraction methods on the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-amylase activities of the Rosehip (Rosa canina) fruit seed extracts. To achieve this, eight combinations were created using various solvent and method combinations, including dimethyl sulfoxide maceration/ultrasonic (DMM-DMU), ethanol-water (20:80) maceration/ultrasonic (ESM-ESU), ethyl acetate maceration/ultrasonic (EAM-EAU), and acetonitrile maceration/ultrasonic (ASM-ASU). The total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS assays were used to measure antioxidant activity in the extracts. Additionally, antimicrobial activity was analyzed using the well diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests with seven microorganisms, including Gram (+), Gram (-), and yeast strains. Finally, the inhibitory effects of the extracts on α-amylase enzyme activity (IC50) were investigated. The highest TPC and TFC values (63.86 mgGAE/g and 210.23 mg QE/g, respectively) were found in the EAU extract. The EAM extract ranked second, and both extracts showed significantly higher TPC and TFC values compared to other extracts (P < 0.05). The highest antioxidant activity values in FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS assays were observed in the EAU and EAM extracts. ESM and ESU were also effective extracts. DMM and DMU extracts, however, exhibited the lowest values in these analyses. All extracts were found to be effective against A. hydrophila and K. pneumoniae strains. However, the effectiveness varied across extracts for other strains. The strongest inhibitory effect on the α-amylase enzyme was observed in the ACM extract (IC50 = 20.46 mg/mL).

Keywords

Rosa canina seeds , maserasyon , ultrasonication , solvent , antioxidant , antimicrobial

Maserasyon ve ultrason destekli ekstraksiyon yöntemleri kullanılarak farklı çözücülerle hazırlanan Rosa canina tohum ekstraktlarının antioksidan, antimikrobiyal ve α-amilaz enzim inhibisyonu özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Tıbbi bitkilerden biyolojik aktivitelerin verimli bir şekilde elde edilmesi, ekstraksiyon sürecinde çözücüler ve yöntemlerin seçilmesine bağlıdır ve bu seçim, bitkinin fitokimyasal özelliklerine göre yapılmalıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, farklı çözücüler ve ekstraksiyon yöntemlerinin, kuşburnu (Rosa canina) meyve tohumlarından elde edilen özlerin antioksidan, antimikrobiyal ve α-amilaz inhibitör aktiviteleri üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmektir. Bunu başarmak için, dimetil sülfoksit macerasyon/ultrasonik (DMM-DMU), etanol-su (20:80) macerasyon/ultrasonik (ESM-ESU), etil asetat macerasyon/ultrasonik (EAM-EAU) ve asetonitril macerasyon/ultrasonik (ASM-ASU) dahil olmak üzere çeşitli çözücü ve yöntem kombinasyonları kullanılarak sekiz kombinasyon oluşturulmuştur. Toplam fenolik içerik (TPC), toplam flavonoid içerik (TFC), FRAP, DPPH ve ABTS testleri, özlerin antioksidan aktivitesini ölçmek için kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca, antimikrobiyal aktivite, yedi mikroorganizma ile yapılan kuyucuk difüzyon yöntemi ve minimum inhibitör konsantrasyon (MIC) testleri kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Son olarak, özlerin α-amilaz enzim aktivitesi üzerindeki inhibe edici etkileri (IC50) incelenmiştir. En yüksek TPC ve TFC değerleri (sırasıyla 63.86 mgGAE/g ve 210.23 mg QE/g) EAU ekstresinde bulunmuştur. EAM ekstresi ikinci sırada yer almakta olup, her iki ekstres de diğer ekstraktlara göre anlamlı derecede daha yüksek TPC ve TFC değerlerine sahiptir (P < 0.05). FRAP, DPPH ve ABTS testlerinde en yüksek antioksidan aktivite değerleri EAU ve EAM ekstraktlarında gözlemlenmiştir. ESM ve ESU da etkili ekstraktlar arasında yer alırken, DMM ve DMU ekstraktları bu analizlerde en düşük değerlere sahip olmuştur. Tüm ekstraktlar A. hydrophila ve K. pneumoniae suşlarına karşı etkili bulunmuştur. Ancak, diğer suşlar için etkinlik, ekstraktlar arasında değişiklik göstermiştir. α-amilaz enzimine en güçlü inhibitör etki, ACM ekstresi üzerinde gözlemlenmiştir (IC50 = 20.46 mg/mL).

Keywords

Ros canina çekirdekleri , maserasyon , ultrasonikasyon , çözücü , antioksidan , antimikrobiyal

References

• D. Acıbuca, B. Budak, Dünya’da ve Türkiye’de tıbbi ve aromatik bitkilerin yeri ve önemi, Çukurova Tarım Gıda Bil Der, 33(1), 2018, 33–44.
• H.S. Elshafiye, I. Camele, A.A. Mohamed, A Comprehensive review on the biological, agricultural and pharmaceutical properties of secondary metabolites based-plant origin, Int J Mol Sci, 24(4), 2023, 3266.
• M. Oz, C. Baltaci, İ. Deniz, Gümüşhane yöresi kuşburnu (Rosa canina L.) ve siyah Kuşburnu (Rosa pimpinellifolia L.) meyvelerinin C vitamini ve şeker analizleri, Gümüşhane Üniv Fen Bilim Enst Derg, 2, 2018, 284–292.
• I. Roman, A. Stănilă, S. Stănilă, Bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of Rosa canina L. biotypes from spontaneous flora of Transylvania, Chem Cent J, 7(1), 2013, 73.
• I. Turan, S. Demir, K. Kilinc, S.O. Yaman, S. Misir, H. Kara, B. Genç, A. Menteşe, Y. Aliyazıcığlu, O. Değer, Cytotoxic effect of Rosa canina extract on human colon cancer cells through repression of telomerase expression, J Pharm Anal, 8, 2018, 394–399.
• M. Darak, K. Kılınç, Z. Akar, A.Ö. Düzgün, T. Acet, M.N. Ural, C. Baltacı, O. Akmeşe, Effect of different storage conditions and infusion times on antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and total phenolic content of rosehip fruits, J Anatolian Env Anim Sci, 9(4), 2024, 711–720.
• K. Kılınç, S. Demir, I. Turan, A. Menteşe, A. Orem, M. Sonmez, Y. Aliyazıcıoglu, Rosa canina Extract has Antiproliferative and Proapoptotic Effects on Human Lung and Prostate Cancer Cells, Nutr Cancer, 72(2), 2019, 273–282.
• S. Patel, Rose hip as an underutilized functional food: Evidence-based review, Trends Food Sci Technol, 63, 2017, 29–38.
• I. Mármol, C. Sánchez-de-Diego, N. Jiménez-Moreno, C. Ancín-Azpilicueta, M.J. Rodríguez-Yoldi, Therapeutic applications of rosehips from different Rosa species, Int J Mol Sci, 18(6), 2017, 1137.
• A. Selahvarzian, A. Alizadeh, P.A. Baharvand, O.A. Eldahshan, B. Rasoulian, Medicinal properties of Rosa canina L., Herbal Med J, 3(2), 2018, 77–84.
• O.R. Negrean, A.C. Farcas, S.A. Nemes, D.E. Cic, S.A. Socaci, Recent advances and insights into the bioactive properties and applications of Rosa canina L. and its by-products, Heliyon, 10(9), 2024, e30816.
• G. Toydemir, B.G. Subasi, R.D. Hall, J. Beekwilder, D. Boyacioglu, E. Capanoglu, Effect of food processing on antioxidants, their bioavailability and potential relevance to human health, Food Chem X, 14, 2022, 100334.
• M. Hacioglu, S. Dosler, T.A.S. Birteksoz, G. Otuk, Antimicrobial activities of widely consumed herbal teas, alone or in combination with antibiotics: an in vitro study, PeerJ, 5, 2017, e3467.
• Ş.Ö. Doğan, H. Özçelik, Chemical composition analyses of fruit Roses/Rosehips (Rosa spp.) of Türkiye, Biol Divers Conserv, 10(2), 2017, 122–140.
• S. Kazaz, S. Baydar, H. Erbaş, S. Variations in Chemical Compositions of Rosa damascena Mill. and Rosa canina L. Fruits, Czech J Food Sci, 27(3), 2009, 178–184.
• M. Öz, I. Deniz, O.T. Okan, C. Baltaci, S.M. Karatas, Determination of the Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Different Parts of Rosa canina L. and Rosa pimpinellifolia L. Essential Oils, J Essent Oil Bear Plants, 24(3), 2021, 519–537.
• J.B. Johnson, J.S. Mani, M. Naiker, Development and validation of a 96-well microplate assay for the measurement of total phenolic content in ginger extracts, Food Anal Methods, 15(2), 2022, 413–420.
• K. Slinkard, V.L. Singleton, Total Phenol Analysis: Automation and Comparison with Manual Methods, Am J Enol Vitic, 28, 1977, 49–55.
• Y.E. Kamış, B. Akar, C. Baltacı, Determination of physical, chemical and antioxidant properties of pomegranate sauces sold in Turkish markets, Turk J Anal Chem, 4(2), 2022, 67–75.
• C. Soler-Rivas, J.C. Espín, H.J. Wichers, An easy and fast test to compare total free radical scavenger capacity of foodstuffs, Phytochem Anal, 11(5), 2000, 330–338.
• I.F. Benzie, J.J. Strain, The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of "antioxidant power": the FRAP assay, Anal Biochem, 239(1), 1996, 70–76.
• E.M. Silva, J.N.S. Souza, H. Rogez, J.F. Rees, Y. Larondelle, Antioxidant activities and polyphenolic contents of fifteen selected plant species from the Amazonian region, Food Chem, 101(3), 2007, 1012–1018.
• R. Re, N. Pellegrini, A. Proteggente, A. Pannala, M. Yang, C. Rice-Evans, Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay, Free Radic Biol Med, 26(9-10), 1999, 1231–1237.
• CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards), Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, 17th Informational Supplement, M100–S17, 2007, 27:1.
• X.W. Yang, M.Z. Huang, Y.S. Jin, L.N. Sun, Y. Song, H.S. Chen, Phenolics from Bidens bipinnata and their amylase inhibitory properties, Fitoterapia, 83(7), 2012, 1169–1175.
• H. Nawaz, A.M. Shad, N. Rehman, H. Andaleeb, N. Ullah, Effect of solvent polarity on extraction yield and antioxidant properties of phytochemicals from bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seeds, Braz J Pharm Sci, 56, 2020, e17129.
• F. Kılıç, Z. Akar, Determination of LC-MS/MS phenolic profile, antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition of Linum mucronatum Bertol. subsp. armenum (Bordz.) P.H. Davis, Turk J Anal Chem, 4(2), 2022, 123–131.
• N. Montazeri, E. Baher, F. Mirzajani, Z. Barami, S. Yousefian, Phytochemical contents and biological activities of Rosa canina fruit from Iran, J Med Plants Res, 5(18), 2011, 4584–4589.
• B.T. Findik, H. Yildiz, M. Akdeniz, I. Yener, M.A. Yilmaz, O. Cakir, A. Ertas, Phytochemical profile, enzyme inhibition, antioxidant, and antibacterial activity of Rosa pimpinellifolia L., Food Chem, 455, 2024, 139921.
• S. Bakır, The Phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of pumpkin, rosehip and pomegranate seeds, Turk J Agric Food Sci Technol, 12(s2), 2024, 2347–2354.
• H. Ilyasoğlu, Characterization of rosehip (Rosa canina L.) seed and seed oil, Int J Food Prop, 17(7), 2014, 1591–1598.
• S.G. Çürük, M. Nijar, D. Köseoğlu, A. Akdoğan, Mineral and bioactive component contents of rosehip (Rosa canina L.) seed powder, Akademik Gıda, 21(4), 2023, 323–332.
• L. Shen, S. Pang, M. Zhong, Y. Sun, A. Qayum, Y. Liu, A. Rashid, B. Xu, Q. Liang, H. Ma, X. Ren, A comprehensive review of ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) for bioactive components: Principles, advantages, equipment, and combined technologies, Ultrason Sonochem, 101, 2023, 106646.
• I.S. Arvanitoyannis, K.V. Kotsanopoulos, A.G. Savva, Use of ultrasounds in the food industry-Methods and effects on quality, safety, and organoleptic characteristics of foods: A review, Crit Rev Food Sci, 57, 2017, 109–128.
• S. Turan, D. Atalay, R. Solak, M. Özoğul, M. Demirtaş, Ultrasonik destekli ekstraksiyon parametrelerinin kuşburnu (Rosa canina) meyvesinin toplam fenolik ve karotenoid miktarları ile antoksidan aktivitesi üzerine etkisi, Gıda, 46(3), 2021, 726–738.
• Ç. Poyraz, G. Küçükyıldız, Ş.İ. Kırbaşlar, S. Ciğeroğlu, S. Şahin, Valorization of Citrus unshiu biowastes to value-added products: an optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction method using response surface methodology and particle swarm optimization, Biomass Conv Bioref, 13, 2023, 3719–3729.
• B. Eldaw, G. Çiftçi, Antioxidant Capacity and Antibacterial Potential of Rosehip (Rosa canina) Fruits Grown, J Anatolian Env Anim Sci, 8(1), 2023, 103–109.
• V.M. Miljković, L. Nikolić, J. Mrmošanin, I. Gajić, T. Mihajilov-Krstev, J. Zvezdanović, M. Miljković, Chemical Profile and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Rosa canina L. Dried Fruit Commercially Available in Serbia, Int J Mol Sci, 25(5), 2024, 2518.
• S.L. Samson, A.J. Garber, Prevention of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Potential of pharmacological agents, Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab, 30(3), 2016, 357–371.
• N. Kaur, V. Kumar, S.K. Nayak, P. Wadhwa, P. Kaur, S.K. Sahu, Alpha-amylase as molecular target for treatment of diabetes mellitus: A comprehensive review, Chem Biol Drug Des, 98(4), 2021, 539–560.
• Y. Tao, Y.F. Zhang, Y.Y. Cheng, Y. Wang, Rapid screening and identification of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors from mulberry leaves using enzyme-immobilized magnetic beads coupled with HPLC/MS and NMR, Biomed Chromatogr, 27, 2013, 148–155.
• B. Asghari, P. Salehi, M.M. Farimani, S.N. Ebrahimi, α-Glucosidase inhibitors from fruits of Rosa canina L., Rec Nat Prod, 9(3), 2015, 276–283.
• H.B. Jemaa, A.B. Jemia, S. Khlifi, H.B. Ahmed, F.B. Slama, A. Benzarti, J. Elati, A. Aouidet, Antioxidant activity and α-amylase inhibitory potential of Rosa canina L., Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med, 14(2), 2017, 1–8.