Evaluation of antioxidant, antimicrobial, and α-amylase enzyme inhibition properties of Rosa canina seed extracts prepared with different solvents using maceration and ultrasound-assisted extraction methods

Öz

The efficient extraction of bioactivities from medicinal plants relies on the selection of solvents and methods during the extraction process, which should be chosen according to the plant's phytochemical properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different solvents and extraction methods on the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-amylase activities of the Rosehip (Rosa canina) fruit seed extracts. To achieve this, eight combinations were created using various solvent and method combinations, including dimethyl sulfoxide maceration/ultrasonic (DMM-DMU), ethanol-water (20:80) maceration/ultrasonic (ESM-ESU), ethyl acetate maceration/ultrasonic (EAM-EAU), and acetonitrile maceration/ultrasonic (ASM-ASU). The total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS assays were used to measure antioxidant activity in the extracts. Additionally, antimicrobial activity was analyzed using the well diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests with seven microorganisms, including Gram (+), Gram (-), and yeast strains. Finally, the inhibitory effects of the extracts on α-amylase enzyme activity (IC50) were investigated. The highest TPC and TFC values (63.86 mgGAE/g and 210.23 mg QE/g, respectively) were found in the EAU extract. The EAM extract ranked second, and both extracts showed significantly higher TPC and TFC values compared to other extracts (P < 0.05). The highest antioxidant activity values in FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS assays were observed in the EAU and EAM extracts. ESM and ESU were also effective extracts. DMM and DMU extracts, however, exhibited the lowest values in these analyses. All extracts were found to be effective against A. hydrophila and K. pneumoniae strains. However, the effectiveness varied across extracts for other strains. The strongest inhibitory effect on the α-amylase enzyme was observed in the ACM extract (IC50 = 20.46 mg/mL).

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Rosa canina seeds
• maserasyon
• ultrasonication
• solvent
• antioxidant
• antimicrobial

Maserasyon ve ultrason destekli ekstraksiyon yöntemleri kullanılarak farklı çözücülerle hazırlanan Rosa canina tohum ekstraktlarının antioksidan, antimikrobiyal ve α-amilaz enzim inhibisyonu özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Tıbbi bitkilerden biyolojik aktivitelerin verimli bir şekilde elde edilmesi, ekstraksiyon sürecinde çözücüler ve yöntemlerin seçilmesine bağlıdır ve bu seçim, bitkinin fitokimyasal özelliklerine göre yapılmalıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, farklı çözücüler ve ekstraksiyon yöntemlerinin, kuşburnu (Rosa canina) meyve tohumlarından elde edilen özlerin antioksidan, antimikrobiyal ve α-amilaz inhibitör aktiviteleri üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmektir. Bunu başarmak için, dimetil sülfoksit macerasyon/ultrasonik (DMM-DMU), etanol-su (20:80) macerasyon/ultrasonik (ESM-ESU), etil asetat macerasyon/ultrasonik (EAM-EAU) ve asetonitril macerasyon/ultrasonik (ASM-ASU) dahil olmak üzere çeşitli çözücü ve yöntem kombinasyonları kullanılarak sekiz kombinasyon oluşturulmuştur. Toplam fenolik içerik (TPC), toplam flavonoid içerik (TFC), FRAP, DPPH ve ABTS testleri, özlerin antioksidan aktivitesini ölçmek için kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca, antimikrobiyal aktivite, yedi mikroorganizma ile yapılan kuyucuk difüzyon yöntemi ve minimum inhibitör konsantrasyon (MIC) testleri kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Son olarak, özlerin α-amilaz enzim aktivitesi üzerindeki inhibe edici etkileri (IC50) incelenmiştir. En yüksek TPC ve TFC değerleri (sırasıyla 63.86 mgGAE/g ve 210.23 mg QE/g) EAU ekstresinde bulunmuştur. EAM ekstresi ikinci sırada yer almakta olup, her iki ekstres de diğer ekstraktlara göre anlamlı derecede daha yüksek TPC ve TFC değerlerine sahiptir (P < 0.05). FRAP, DPPH ve ABTS testlerinde en yüksek antioksidan aktivite değerleri EAU ve EAM ekstraktlarında gözlemlenmiştir. ESM ve ESU da etkili ekstraktlar arasında yer alırken, DMM ve DMU ekstraktları bu analizlerde en düşük değerlere sahip olmuştur. Tüm ekstraktlar A. hydrophila ve K. pneumoniae suşlarına karşı etkili bulunmuştur. Ancak, diğer suşlar için etkinlik, ekstraktlar arasında değişiklik göstermiştir. α-amilaz enzimine en güçlü inhibitör etki, ACM ekstresi üzerinde gözlemlenmiştir (IC50 = 20.46 mg/mL).

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ros canina çekirdekleri
• maserasyon
• ultrasonikasyon
• çözücü
• antioksidan
• antimikrobiyal

Kaynakça

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