Bitkisel Malç Miktarının Ekmeklik Buğdayda Biyomas, Tane Verimi ve Hasat İndeksi Üzerindeki Lineer ve Kuadratik Etkileri

Year 2021, , 308 - 314, 23.04.2021

Muhammed Alim Yılmaz , Cengiz Yürürdurmaz Rukiye Kara , Duygu Kazancı Songül Yılmaz Yasemin Keçecioğlu Aydın Akkaya

https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.809361

Abstract

Buğday tarımında bitkisel malç uygulaması toprak organik maddesi ve kalitesinin, su kullanım etkinliğinin, verim ve verim unsurlarının artırılması yönünden önemli yararlar sağlamaktadır. İklim ve toprak özellikleri, malç tipi, miktarı, uygulama şekli ve zamanı gibi faktörlere bağlı olarak malç materyallerinin etkinliği önemli derecede değişebilmektedir. Malç uygulamalarının Adana 99 ekmeklik buğday çeşidi üzerindeki etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla Kahramanmaraş koşullarında 2018-2019 yılında bir çalışma yürütülmüştür. Malç olarak buğday samanı kullanılmış, 4 farklı miktarda (0, 300, 600 ve 900 kg da-1) ve 3 farklı zamanda (ekimden hemen sonra, sapa kalkma başlangıcında, gebecik döneminde) uygulama yapılmıştır. Deneme, faktöriyel düzenleme yapılarak, tesadüf blokları deneme planına göre, 3 tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Bu makalede, kantitatif faktör olan malç miktarı esas alınarak biyomas, tane verimi ve hasat indeksi üzerindeki lineer ve kuadratik etkiler incelenmiştir. Çalışmada, malç miktarının biyomas üzerindeki lineer etkisinin önemsiz, kuadratik etkisinin önemli, tane verimi ve hasat indeksi üzerindeki lineer ve kuadratik etkilerin her ikisinin de önemli olduğu ve 300 kg/da malç miktarının yeterli olabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Keywords

buğday, bitkisel malç, biyomas, tane verimi, hasat indeksi, lineer ve kuadratik etkiler

Supporting Institution

Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Araştırma Projeleri Yönetim Birimi

Project Number

2018/3-50A

Thanks

KSÜ Araştırma Projeleri Yönetim Birimine, verilen destek için kendilerine teşekkür ederiz.

The Linear and Quadratic Effects of the Amount of Straw Mulching on Biomass, Grain Yield and Harvest Index of Bread Wheat

Abstract

The straw mulching in wheat production provides important benefits in terms of improving the soil organic matter and quality, the water use efficiency, yield and yield components. The efficiency of the mulching materials could be significantly changed by the factors such as soil and climate conditions, the type, amount, application method and time of the mulching materials. The field experiment was carried out to determine the effects of straw mulching on bread wheat cultivar Adana 99 during 2018-2019 crop season in Kahramanmaraş conditions. The wheat straw as mulch material was used and applied in 4 different rates (0, 3, 6 and 9 t ha-1) and at 3 different stages (soon after planting, at the beginning of stem elongation and jointing stage). The research was carried out as factorial arrangement on the randomized complete block design with 3 replications. In this article, mulch amount as quantative factor was based and the effects of linear and quadratic on biomass, grain yield and harvest index were investigated. It was concluded that the quadratic effect on biomass was significant, while linear effect nonsignificant, both the linear and quadratic effects on grain yield and harvest index were significant and the amount of 3 t/ha straw mulch could be applicable.

Keywords

wheat, straw mulching, biomass, grain yield, harvest index, linear and quadratic effects

Project Number

2018/3-50A

References

• Akkaya, A. 1994. Buğday Yetiştiriciliği. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Yayınları No: 1, Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları No: 1, Kahramanmaraş.
• Akter, S., Sarker, U.K., Hasan, A.K., Uddin, M.R., Hoque, M.M.I. ve Mahapatra, C.K., 2018. Effects of Mulching on Growth and Yield Components of Selected Varieties of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Field Condition. Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science 3 (1), 25-35.
• Anderson, R.L. 2005. Are some crops synergistic to following crop. Agronomy Journal, 97 (1); 7-10.
• Baumhardt, R.L. ve Lascano, R.J., 1996. Rain infiltration as affected by wheat residue amount and distribution in ridged tillage. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 60, 1908–1913.
• Blanco-Canqui, H. ve Lal, R., 2007. Impacts of long-term wheat straw management on soil hydraulic properties under no-tillage. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 71: 1166–1173.
• Chakraborty, D., Nagarajan, S., Aggarwal, P., Gupta, V.K., Tomar, R.K., Garg, R.N. Sahoo, R.N., Sarkar, A., Chopra, U.K., Sarma, K.S. ve Kalra, N., 2008. Effect of mulching on soil and plant water status, and the growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in a semi-arid environment. Agricultural Water Management, 95 (12); 1323-1334.
• Chakraborty, D., Garg, R.N., Tomar, R.K., Singh, R., Sharma, S.K., Singh, R.K., Trivedi, S.M., Mittal, R.B., Sharma, P.K. ve Kamble, K.H. 2010. Synthetic and organic mulching and nitrogen effect on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in a semi-arid environment. Agricultural Water Management, 97; 738–748.
• Chen, Y., Liu, T., Tian, X., Wang, X., Li, M., Wang, S. ve Wang, Z. 2015. Effects of plastic film combined with straw mulch on grain yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat in Loess Plateau. Field Crops Research, 172; 53–58.
• Chen, W., Zhangc, J. ve Dengb, X. 2019. The spike weight contribution of the photosynthetic area above the upper internode in a winter wheat under different nitrogen and mulching regimes. The Crop Journal, 7 (1); 89-100.
• Ebrahimian, E., Koocheki, A., Mahallati, M.N., Khorramdel, S. ve Beheshti, A. 2016. The effect of tillage and wheat residue management on nitrogen uptake efficiency and nitrogen harvest index in wheat. Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 21 (2); 233-239.
• Erenstein, O. 2002. Crop residue mulching in tropical and semi-tropical countries: An evaluation of residue availability and other technological implications. Soil & Tillage Research, 67; 115–133.
• Gerek, R. 1968. Dryfarming İstasyonu tarafından yapılmış olan nadas hazırlığı ve toprak verimliliği denemeleri. Eskişehir Tohum Islah ve Deneme İst. 6, Eskişehir.
• Huang, Y., Chen, L., Fu, B., Huang, Z. ve Gong, J., 2005. The wheat yields and water-use efficiency in the Loess Plateau: straw mulch and irrigation effects. Agricultural Water Management, 72; 209–222.
• Huang, G., Chai, Q., Feng, F. ve Yu, A. 2012. Effects of different tillage systems on soil properties, root growth, grain yield, and water use efficiency of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Arid Northwest China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 11 (8); 1286-1296.
• Jabran, K. ve Aulakh. A. 2015. Higher Yield and Economic Benefits for Wheat Planted in Conservation Till Systems. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 25 (1): 78-83.
• Kahlon, M.S., Lal, R. ve Ann-Varughese, M. 2013. Twenty two years of tillage and mulching impacts on soil physical characteristics and carbon sequestration in Central Ohio. Soil and Tillage Research, 26; 151-158.
• Lentz, R.D. ve Bjorneberg, D.L., 2003. Polyacrylamide and straw residue effects on irrigation furrow erosion and infiltration. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 58; 312–319.
• Malhi, S.S. ve Kutcher, H.R. 2007. Small grains stubble burning and tillage effects on soil organic C and N, and aggregation in northeastern Saskatchewan. Soil & Tillage Research, 94; 353–361.
• Malhi, S.S.ve Lemke, R. 2007. Tillage, crop residue and N fertilizer effects on crop yield, nutrient uptake, soil quality and nitrous oxide gas emissions in a second 4-yr rotation cycle. Soil & Tillage Research, 96; 269–283.
• Montenegro, A.A.A., Abrantes, J.R.C.B., de Lima, J.L.M.P., Singh, V.P. ve Santos, T.E.M. 2013. Impact of mulching on soil and water dynamics under intermittent simulated rainfall. Catena, 109; 139-149.
• Qi, G., Kang, Y., Yin, M., Ma, Y., Bai, Y. ve Wang, J. 2019. Yield Responses of Wheat to Crop Residue Returning in China: A Meta-Analysis. Crop Science, 59: 2185-2200.
• Rahman, M.A., Chikushi, J., Safizzaman, M. ve Lauren, J.G. 2005. Rice straw mulching and nitrogen response of no-till wheat following rice in Bangladesh. Field Crops Research, 91; 71–81.
• Ram, H., Dadhwal, V., Vashist, K.K., Kau, H., 2013. Grain yield and water use efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in relation to irrigation levels and rice straw mulching in North West India. Agricultural Water Management, 128; 92–101.
• SAS. 1999. Statistical Analysis System User’ Guide Statistics. SAS Institute Inc. Cary NC 27513 USA.
• Shah, S.S.H., Ul-Hassan, A., Ghafoor, A. ve Bakhsh, A. 2013. Soil physical characteristics and yield of wheat and maize as affected by mulching materials and sowing methods. Soil Environment, 32 (1); 14-21, 2013.
• Sidhu, H.S., Singh, M., Humphreys, E., Singh, B., Dhillon, S.S., Blackwell, J., Bector, V., Malkeet, S. ve Sarbjeet, S. 2007. The Happy Seeder enables direct drilling of wheat into rice stubble. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 47; 844–854.
• Singh, B., Humphreys, E., Eberbach, P.L., Katupitiya, A., Singh, Y. ve Kukal, S.S. 2011. Growth, yield and water productivity of zero till wheat as affected by rice straw mulch and irrigation schedule. Field Crops Research, 121; 209–225.
• Singh, Y., Singh, B. ve Timsina, J. 2005. Crop residue management for nutrient cycling and improving soil productivity in rice-based cropping systems in the tropics. Advances in Agronomy, 85; 269–407.
• Stagnari, F., Galieni, A., Speca, S., Cafiero, G. ve Pisante, M. 2014. Effects of straw mulch on growth and yield of durum wheat during transition to Conservation Agriculture in Mediterranean environment. Field Crops Research, 167, 51–63.
• Tolk, J.A., Howell, T.A. ve Evett, S.R. 1999. Effect of mulch, irrigation, and soil type on water use and yield of maize. Soil and Tillage Research, 50 (2); 137-147.
• Turmel, M.S., Speratti, A., Baudron, F., Verhulst, N., Govaerts, B., 2015. Crop residue management and soil health: A systems analysis. Agricultural Systems, 134; 6–16.
• Yılmaz, M.A. 2019. Kahramanmaraş Koşullarında Bitkisel Malç Uygulama Miktar ve Zamanının Ekmeklik Buğdayda Verim, Verim Unsurları ve Fotosentez Özelliklerine Etkileri. (Yüksek lisans tezi) Erişim adresi: https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi
• Zhang, G.S., Chan, K.Y., Li, G.D. ve Huang, G.B. 2008. Effect of straw and plastic film management under contrasting tillage practices on the physical properties of an erodible loess soil. Soil & Tillage Research, 98; 113–119.
• Zhang, S., Lövdahl, L., Grip, H., Tong, Y., Yang, X. ve Wang, Q. 2009. Effects of mulching and catch cropping on soil temperature, soil moisture and wheat yield on the Loess Plateau of China. Soil & Tillage Research, 102; 78–86.
• Zribi, W., Aragués, R., Medina, E. ve Faci, J.M. 2015. Efficiency of inorganic and organic mulching materials for soil evaporation control. Soil and Tillage Research, 148; 40-45.