Abstract
Cockroaches are the major household pests which prefer humid areas for habitation i.e. bathrooms, kitchens, sewerage systems etc., where warmth, moisture and food are satisfactory. Cockroaches are responsible for transmitting microorganisms like pathogenic bacteria, virus and fungi. Some examples of common bacterial diseases of human beings transmitted by cockroaches are Pasteurellapestisand bubonic plague; Shigellaalkalescensand dysentery; Staphylococcus aureusand boils and abscesses; Shigellaparadysenteriaeand diarrhea in children. A questionnaire was designed to collect the information from the people of different occupations viz., students, property-owners, house owners/housewives and farmers. In interviews, questions related to basic information as well as control measures regarding the cockroaches were asked. To collect information related to cockroach different cities of Punjab, Pakistan were visited. Data indicated that 80% people were not aware of type of diseases transmitted by cockroaches. Information related for control of cockroaches revealed that according to the opinion of 79% interviewee cleaning or sanitation gave better control. For the best source of delivering information related to cockroaches, 52% people said television was the best source. In the light of the survey, it was concluded that there wasan urgent need of provision of proper guidance regarding cockroaches and diseases associated with them to the community for better management of cockroaches.
References
- Anonymous, 2014 a. http://x.dawn.com/2013/05/22/literacyand-pakistan/.
- Anonymous, 2014 b. http://www.tradingeconomics.com/pakista n/literacy-rate-youth-female- percent-offemales-ages-15-24-wb-data.html
- Anonymous, 2014 c. http://www.tradingeconomics.com/pakista n/literacy-rate-youth-male- percent-ofmales-ages-15-24-wb-data.html.
- Artyukhina, I.N. and Evokimov, M.P. 1973. Duration of persistence in and excretion of Shigella flexeri and Shigella sonnei by Blattella germanica (L.) in individual dosed feedings (In Russian). Medical Parazitol Parazit Bology, 42: 602-606.
- Ash, N. and Greenber, G.B. 1980. Vector potential of the German cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) in dissemination of Salmonella interitidis serotype typhimurium. Journal of Medical Entomology, 17: 417-423.
- Atkinson, T.H.R.W. Wadleigh, P.G. Koehler, U. and Patterson, R.S. 1991. Pyrethroid resistance and synergism in a field strain of the German cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 84: 1247-150.
- Bernton, H. and Brown, H. 1964. Insect allergy— preliminary studies of the cockroach. Journal of Allergy, 35:506–13.
- Birnbaum, J. Orlando, J.P. Charpin, D. and Vervloet, D. 1995. Cockroaches and mites share the same beds. Journal of Allergy Clinic Immunology, 96:561–62.
- Brenner, R.J. 1995. Economics and medical importance of German cockroaches. Understanding and Controlling the German Cockroach (Rust, M.K., Owens, J.M. and Reierson, D.A., eds), pp. 77–92. Oxford Press, New York. Burgess, N.R. Chetwyn, K.N. Nunn, C.J. Shuttleworth, A.E. 1974. Some preliminary work on cockroach-infested sewerages in London. Transactions of the Royal society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 68: 16.
- Burgess, N.R. Mcdermott, S.M. Whiting, J. 1973a. Aerobic bacteria occurring in the hindgut of the cockroach Blatta orientalis. Journal of Hygiene Cambridge, 71: 1-7.
- Burgess, N.R. Mcdermott, S.M. Whiting, J. 1973b. Laboratory transmission of Enterobacteriaceae by the oriental cockroach, Blatta orientalis. Journal of Hygiene Cambridge, 71: 9-14.
- Cloarec, A, Rivault, C. Fontaine, F. Leguyader, A. 19 Cockroaches as carriers of bacteria in multi-family dwellings. Epidemiology and infection, 109: 483-490. Cochran, D.G. 1999. Cockroaches: their biology, than distribution and control. WHO/CDS/CPC/WHOPES/ World Health Organization, Geneva, pp: 1-83.
- Cornwell, P.B. Mendes, M.F. 1981. Disease organisms carried by oriental cockroaches, Blatta orientalis, in relation to acceptable standards of hygiene. International Pest Control, 23 (3): 72-74.
- Cornwell, P.B. 1968. The Cockroach, Vol. I, Hutchinson, London, 391 pp.
- English, J. 1987. Housing and Health: The Relationship Between Housing Conditions and the Health of Council Tenants. Journal of Social Pol, 16, 260-262.
- Hannum, E. Claudia, B. 2006. Global Educational Expansion and Socio-Economic Development: An Assessment of Findings from the Social Sciences. In Educating All Children: A Global Agenda, ed. Joel E. Cohen, David E. Bloom, and Martin B.Malin.Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
- Hemingway, I.S. Dunbar, A.G. Monro, Small, G.I. 19 Pyrethroid resistance in Crcrman cockroaches (U ictyoptera: 13 ] attel] idae): resistance levels and underlying mechanisms. Journal of Economic Entomology, 86: 1631-1638.
- Hojat, H. 1996. Insects: A Guide to Collecting and Identification. 3 ed. Amirkabir Press, Tehran, pp: 376 [In Persian].
- Klowden, M.J. Greenburg, B. 1977. Salmonella in the American cockroach: outcome of natural invasion of the hemocele. Journal of Medical Entomology 14: 362-366.
- Liccardi, G. Cazzola, M.D. Amato, M.D. Amato, G. 2000. Pets and cockroaches: two increasing causes of respiratory allergy in indoor environments. Characteristics of airways sensitization and prevention strategies. Respiratory Medicine, 94: 1109-18.
- Morgan, M. Rothschild, N. 1983. Impact of the new television technology: Cable TV. peers, and sex-role cultivation in the electronic environment. Youth and Society, 15(1): 33
- Olanrewaju DO, Akinbamijo OB. 200 Environmental Health and Target Audience: A Programmatic Panacea for Poverty Alleviation in Nigerian Cities. African Journal of Environmental Studies, 3(2): 82-89. Oyedele, O. 2009. Solid Waste Management as Engine for Industrial Development in
- Nigeria.Sci Topics. Retrieved March 31, 2012, from.http://www.scitopics.com/Solid_Wast e_Management_as_Engine_for_Industrial_
- Development_ n_Nigeria.html Paranagama, P.A. Abeysekera, K.H.T. Abeywickrama, K.P.Nugaliyadde, L. 2003. Fungicidal and anti-aflatoxigenic effects of the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf. (lemongrass) against Aspergillus flavus Link. isolated from stored rice. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 36: 1-5. Rivault, C. Cloarec, A. Leguyader, A. 1993. Bacterial load of cockroaches in relation to urban environment. Epidemiology and Infection, 110: 317-25.
- Roth, L.M. Willis, E.R. 1957a. The medical and veterinary importance of cockroaches. Smithsonian. Miscellaneous Collections, 134: 1-1
- WHO.Vector Control. 1997. Method for use by individuals and communities. Geneva: WHO, 288-30.
Life style of people and surveillance of management related to cockroaches in Southern Punjab, Pakistan
Abstract
Cockroaches are the major household pests which prefer humid areas for habitation i.e. bathrooms, kitchens, sewerage systems etc., where warmth, moisture and food are satisfactory. Cockroaches are responsible for transmitting microorganisms like pathogenic bacteria, virus and fungi. Some examples of common bacterial diseases of human beings transmitted by cockroaches are Pasteurellapestisand bubonic plague; Shigellaalkalescensand dysentery; Staphylococcus aureusand boils and abscesses; Shigellaparadysenteriaeand diarrhea in children. A questionnaire was designed to collect the information from the people of different occupations viz., students, property-owners, house owners/housewives and farmers. In interviews, questions related to basic information as well as control measures regarding the cockroaches were asked. To collect information related to cockroach different cities of Punjab, Pakistan were visited. Data indicated that 80% people were not aware of type of diseases transmitted by cockroaches. Information related for control of cockroaches revealed that according to the opinion of 79% interviewee cleaning or sanitation gave better control. For the best source of delivering information related to cockroaches, 52% people said television was the best source. In the light of the survey, it was concluded that there wasan urgent need of provision of proper guidance regarding cockroaches and diseases associated with them to the community for better management of cockroaches.
References
- Anonymous, 2014 a. http://x.dawn.com/2013/05/22/literacyand-pakistan/.
- Anonymous, 2014 b. http://www.tradingeconomics.com/pakista n/literacy-rate-youth-female- percent-offemales-ages-15-24-wb-data.html
- Anonymous, 2014 c. http://www.tradingeconomics.com/pakista n/literacy-rate-youth-male- percent-ofmales-ages-15-24-wb-data.html.
- Artyukhina, I.N. and Evokimov, M.P. 1973. Duration of persistence in and excretion of Shigella flexeri and Shigella sonnei by Blattella germanica (L.) in individual dosed feedings (In Russian). Medical Parazitol Parazit Bology, 42: 602-606.
- Ash, N. and Greenber, G.B. 1980. Vector potential of the German cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) in dissemination of Salmonella interitidis serotype typhimurium. Journal of Medical Entomology, 17: 417-423.
- Atkinson, T.H.R.W. Wadleigh, P.G. Koehler, U. and Patterson, R.S. 1991. Pyrethroid resistance and synergism in a field strain of the German cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 84: 1247-150.
- Bernton, H. and Brown, H. 1964. Insect allergy— preliminary studies of the cockroach. Journal of Allergy, 35:506–13.
- Birnbaum, J. Orlando, J.P. Charpin, D. and Vervloet, D. 1995. Cockroaches and mites share the same beds. Journal of Allergy Clinic Immunology, 96:561–62.
- Brenner, R.J. 1995. Economics and medical importance of German cockroaches. Understanding and Controlling the German Cockroach (Rust, M.K., Owens, J.M. and Reierson, D.A., eds), pp. 77–92. Oxford Press, New York. Burgess, N.R. Chetwyn, K.N. Nunn, C.J. Shuttleworth, A.E. 1974. Some preliminary work on cockroach-infested sewerages in London. Transactions of the Royal society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 68: 16.
- Burgess, N.R. Mcdermott, S.M. Whiting, J. 1973a. Aerobic bacteria occurring in the hindgut of the cockroach Blatta orientalis. Journal of Hygiene Cambridge, 71: 1-7.
- Burgess, N.R. Mcdermott, S.M. Whiting, J. 1973b. Laboratory transmission of Enterobacteriaceae by the oriental cockroach, Blatta orientalis. Journal of Hygiene Cambridge, 71: 9-14.
- Cloarec, A, Rivault, C. Fontaine, F. Leguyader, A. 19 Cockroaches as carriers of bacteria in multi-family dwellings. Epidemiology and infection, 109: 483-490. Cochran, D.G. 1999. Cockroaches: their biology, than distribution and control. WHO/CDS/CPC/WHOPES/ World Health Organization, Geneva, pp: 1-83.
- Cornwell, P.B. Mendes, M.F. 1981. Disease organisms carried by oriental cockroaches, Blatta orientalis, in relation to acceptable standards of hygiene. International Pest Control, 23 (3): 72-74.
- Cornwell, P.B. 1968. The Cockroach, Vol. I, Hutchinson, London, 391 pp.
- English, J. 1987. Housing and Health: The Relationship Between Housing Conditions and the Health of Council Tenants. Journal of Social Pol, 16, 260-262.
- Hannum, E. Claudia, B. 2006. Global Educational Expansion and Socio-Economic Development: An Assessment of Findings from the Social Sciences. In Educating All Children: A Global Agenda, ed. Joel E. Cohen, David E. Bloom, and Martin B.Malin.Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
- Hemingway, I.S. Dunbar, A.G. Monro, Small, G.I. 19 Pyrethroid resistance in Crcrman cockroaches (U ictyoptera: 13 ] attel] idae): resistance levels and underlying mechanisms. Journal of Economic Entomology, 86: 1631-1638.
- Hojat, H. 1996. Insects: A Guide to Collecting and Identification. 3 ed. Amirkabir Press, Tehran, pp: 376 [In Persian].
- Klowden, M.J. Greenburg, B. 1977. Salmonella in the American cockroach: outcome of natural invasion of the hemocele. Journal of Medical Entomology 14: 362-366.
- Liccardi, G. Cazzola, M.D. Amato, M.D. Amato, G. 2000. Pets and cockroaches: two increasing causes of respiratory allergy in indoor environments. Characteristics of airways sensitization and prevention strategies. Respiratory Medicine, 94: 1109-18.
- Morgan, M. Rothschild, N. 1983. Impact of the new television technology: Cable TV. peers, and sex-role cultivation in the electronic environment. Youth and Society, 15(1): 33
- Olanrewaju DO, Akinbamijo OB. 200 Environmental Health and Target Audience: A Programmatic Panacea for Poverty Alleviation in Nigerian Cities. African Journal of Environmental Studies, 3(2): 82-89. Oyedele, O. 2009. Solid Waste Management as Engine for Industrial Development in
- Nigeria.Sci Topics. Retrieved March 31, 2012, from.http://www.scitopics.com/Solid_Wast e_Management_as_Engine_for_Industrial_
- Development_ n_Nigeria.html Paranagama, P.A. Abeysekera, K.H.T. Abeywickrama, K.P.Nugaliyadde, L. 2003. Fungicidal and anti-aflatoxigenic effects of the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf. (lemongrass) against Aspergillus flavus Link. isolated from stored rice. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 36: 1-5. Rivault, C. Cloarec, A. Leguyader, A. 1993. Bacterial load of cockroaches in relation to urban environment. Epidemiology and Infection, 110: 317-25.
- Roth, L.M. Willis, E.R. 1957a. The medical and veterinary importance of cockroaches. Smithsonian. Miscellaneous Collections, 134: 1-1
- WHO.Vector Control. 1997. Method for use by individuals and communities. Geneva: WHO, 288-30.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | July 26, 2014 |
| Submission Date | July 26, 2014 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2014 Volume: 1 Issue: 2 |
