Photosynthetic Response of Potato Plants to Soil Salinity

Year 2014, Volume: 1 Issue: Özel Sayı-2, 1429 - 1439, 01.03.2014

Berkant Ödemiş Mehmet Emin Çalışkan

Abstract

In order to determine the potential production, it is important to know the response of crops such as potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) which is one of the important starch crops in human diet under abiotic stress conditions. Salinity is one of the abiotic stress factors for potato limiting crop yield. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of saline water and proline applications on the yield and physiological characteristics of Morfona potato variety grown under cover just for rainfall proof under the Eastern Mediterranean conditions. In the experiment conducted between January-June 2010, foliar applied proline concentrations as much as 10 mM and 20 mM were applied to potato crop irrigated with water having electrical conductivity of 0.19 dS m-1(T0), 3.54 dS m-1(T3.5), 7.12 dS m-1 (T7), 9.57 dS m-1 (T10) and 12.86 dS m-1 (T13). Different levels of saline irrigation water were obtained by adding NaCl into the tap water. Irrigation water requirement, crop water use and water use efficiency were decreased as much as 4.5%-18.9%, 3%-16%, 16.45-19.36%, respectively, as the irrigation water salinity levels increased. The increase in soil salinity caused to decrease in all parameters (total fresh tuber yield, tuber number, tuber dry weight, weight of potato classified as Grade A, biomass and leaf area) except harvest index. Foliar application of proline to diminish the effect of salinity did not affect t significantly the most of the yield parameters. The most affected parameter by salinity was found to be stomatal conductance (Sc) among photosynthesis (Pn), transpiration (Tr) and stomatal conductance (Sc). The values of Pn, Tr and Sc increased in T7 treatment compared to T3.5. Irrigation water salinity affected significantly tuber bulking I and tuber bulking II periods whereas the effect of proline was found to be significant on tuber initiation and tuber bulking II periods (p<0.01). Leaf aging was accelerated in treatments where salinity was higher. Towards the harvest stage, it was observed that Pn, Tr and Sc were not affected by salinity, possibly as a result of leaf aging

Keywords

Potato, photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, soil salinity

Photosynthetic Response of Potato Plants to Soil Salinity

Abstract

Patates gibi insan beslenmesinde çok önemli bir yere sahip bitkilerin abiyotik stres koşullarına verdikleri tepkinin belirlenmesi potansiyel üretim miktarının belirlenmesi açısından önemlidir. Tuzluluk, patates yetiştiriciliğinde ürün miktarını kısıtlayan en önemli abiyotik stres parametrelerinden biridir. Tuzlu koşullarda bitkilerin tolerans düzeylerinin artırılmasında tuz- verim ilişkilerinin bilinmesi ve kültürel önlemler ile tuzluluğa dayanımın artırılması öncelikli bir konudur. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin kurak ve yarı kurak iklime sahip Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesinde farklı tuz ve prolin düzeylerinin yağmurdan korunaklı ortamda yetiştirilen Morfona çeşidi patatesin verim ve fizyolojik özelliklerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada 0.19 dS m-1 (T0), 3.54 dS m-1 (T3.5), 7.12 dS m-1 (T7), 9.57 dS m-1 (T10) ve 12.86 dS m-1 (T13) sulama suları ve 10 mM (P10), 20 mM (P20) prolin düzeylerinin etkisi incelenmiştir. Sulama suyu tuzluluğunun oluşturulmasında NaCl tuzu kullanılmıştır. Sulama suyu gereksinimi, bitki su tüketimi ve su kullanma randımanı (WUE) tuzluluğun yüksek olduğu konularda, azalmıştır. Tuzluluk arttıkça sulama suyu gereksinimi 4.5%-18.9%, bitki su tüketimi 3%- 16%, WUE %16.45-19.36 arasında azalmıştır. Toprak tuzluluğundaki artış, hasat indeksi dışında verim parametrelerinin (toplam yumru verimi, yumru sayısı, yumru kuru ağırlığı, Asınıfı yumru büyüklüğü biomass ve yaprak alan indeksi) tamamının azalmasına neden olmuştur. Tuzluluk stresinin azaltılması için yapraktan uygulanan prolinin, çoğu verim parametrelerine etkisi istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmamıştır. Fotosentez (Pn), transpirasyon (Tr) ve stoma iletkenliği (Sc) parametreleri arasında tuzluluktan en fazla Sc, en az Pn etkilenmiştir. Pn, Tr ve Sc, T3.5 uygulaması ile kıyaslandığında T7 konusunda artmıştır. Bunun nedeninin, patatesin tuzluluğa karşı içsel dayanım mekanizmasını harekete geçirme çabasından kaynaklandığı ve anılan düzeydeki tuzluluğun gaz değişimini teşvik ettiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Yumru gelişiminin farklı dönemlerinde yapılan ölçümlerde tuzluluğun Tuber bulking I ve Tuber bulking II dönemlerine, prolinin Tuber initiation ve Tuber bulking II dönemlerine etkisi istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmuştur (p<0.01). Tuzluluğun yüksek olduğu uygulamalarda yaprak yaşlanmasının hızlandığı belirlenmiştir. Hasat dönemine yaklaştıkça Pn, Tr ve Sc’nin tuz düzeylerinden etkilenmediği bu durumun yaprak yaşlanmasının bir sonucu olduğu değerlendirilmiştir. Hasatta ürün miktarına bitkinin hangi gelişim döneminin etkili olduğu ve bu dönemlerde stresi azaltacak uygulamaların etkilerinin bilinmesi farklı bitkilerde ayrıntılı olarak irdelenmesi gereken bir konudur

Keywords

Patates, fotosentez hızı, transpirasyon hızı, stoma iletkenliği, tuzluluk

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