Advances of Green Roofs for Environment in Urban Areas

Serpil Önder

Advances of Green Roofs for Environment in Urban Areas

Year 2014, Volume: 1 Issue: Özel Sayı-2, 2068 - 2074, 01.03.2014

Abstract

In 21th century, the unplanned urbanization, global warming, lack of green space, and the human effects on the ecological balance in the nature influence the human life particularly in our cities. Additionally, the mentioned changes cause to decrease on other open-green spaces as well as the reduction of the natural places in the cities. That’s the reason for ecological anxiety as well as the demand for recreational and roof areas in urban places. Establishing of the plant material on rooftops provides numerous ecological and economic benefits which might be summarized as following: improving of the microclimate and air quality, offering to a natural habitat, providing for additional space, increasing of water retention and noise protection, storm-water management, energy conservation, mitigation of the urban heat island effect, and increased longevity of roofing membranes, as well as providing a more aesthetically pleasing environment for life. This paper is a review of current knowledge regarding to the benefits of green roofs in urban areas that are so far from the nature and lack of green space

Keywords

Urban Areas, Green-roof, Benefits of Green-roofs

References

Alvey A, 2006. Promoting and preserving biodiversity in the urban forest. Urban For Urban Green 5:195–201
Ascione F, Bianco N, de’ Rossi F, Turni G, Vanoli GP, 2013. Green roofs in European climates. Are effective solutions for the energy savings in air conditioning? Applied Energy 104 (2013) 845–859.
Barton J, Pretty J, 2010. What is the best dose of nature and green exercise for improving mental analysis.Environmental Technology 44, 3947–3955. multi-study Science &
Berardi U, GhaffarianHoseini A, GhaffarianHoseini A, 2014. State-of-the-art analysis of the environmental benefits of green roofs. Applied Energy 115 (2014) 411–428
Berndtsson JC, 2010. Green roof performance towards management of runoff water quantity and quality: a review. Ecol Eng., 36(4):351-60.
Benvenuti S, 2014. Wildflower green roofs for urban landscaping, ecological sustainability and biodiversity. Landscape and Urban Planning, 124(2014): 151–161
Carroll N, 2010. The Thermal and Rainwater Runoff Performance of an Extensive Green Roof System.University Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering Master of Science Thesis p.74.Glasgow, Scotland. Strathclyde
Carter T, Rasmussen T, 2006. Evaluation of the hydrologic behavior of green roofs. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 42:1261–1274
Carter T, Jackson CR, 2007.Vegetated roofs for storm – water management at multiple special scales.Land scape and Urban Planning, 80: 84–94.
Carter T, Fowler L, 2008. Establishing green roof Infrastructure through environmental policy Management 42, 151-164. Environmental
Chiesura A, 2004. The role of urban parks for the sustainable city. Landscape and Urban Planning, 68, 129–138.
Clark C, 2005.Optimization of Green Roofs for Air Pollution Mitigation. In: Proc. of 3rd North American Green Roof Conference: Greening Communities, Washington, DC May 4–6 (2005) The Cardinal Group, Toronto
Clark, C., P. Adrıaens, and B. Talbot. 2008. Green roof evaluation: a probabilistic economic analysis of environ mental benefits. Environmental Science and Technology, 42: 2155–2161.
CarrollN 2010. The Thermal and Rainwater Runoff Performance of an Extensive Green Roof System.Master of Science in Renewable Energy Systems and the Environment University of Strathclyde Engineering, UK.
Clemants Se, Marınell J, Moore G, Peters E, 2006.Green roofs and biodiversity. Urban Habitats, 4: 1–101.
Connellya M, Hodgson M, 2013. Experimental investigation of the sound transmission of vegetated roofs. Applied Acoustics, 74, 10:(1136–1143)
Currie BA, Bass B, 2008. Estimates of air pollution mitigation with green plants and green roofs using the UFORE model.Urban Ecosystems 11, 409-422.
De Ridder K, Adamec V, Bañuelos A, Bruse M, Bürger M, Damsgaard O, Dufek J, Hirsch J, Lefebre F, Pérez-Lacorzana JM, Thierry A, Weber methodology to assess the benefits of urban green space.Science of the total environment. 334 – 335, 489 - 497.
Deutsch B, Whitlow H, Sullivan M, Savineau A, Busiek B (2007) The green build-out model: quantifying the stormwater management benefits of trees and green roofs in Washington, DC. Prepared under EPA 83282101-0. http://www.caseytrees.org. December 2007 CP- at: Available Accessed
Firth M, Gedge D, 2005. London: The Wild Roof Renaissance. In: Marisa Arpels (Managing Editor). Green Roofs: Ecological Design and Construction, Schiffer Books
Grant G, Englebeck L, Nicholson B, 2003. Green Roofs: their existing status and potential for conserving biodiversity in urban areas.English Nature Research Reports p.498.
Getter KL, Rowe DB, 2006. The Role of Extensive Roofs Green Development. HortScience 41(5):1276- 1285. Sustainable
Getter KL, Rowe DB, Andresen J, 2007.Quantifying the effect of slopeon extensive green roof stormwater retention. Ecological Engineering31:225–231.
Herman R, 2003. Green roofs in Germany: yesterday, today and tomorrow. p. 41- 45. In Proc. of 1st North American Green Roof Conference: Greening Rooftops for Sustainable Communities, Chicago. 29-30 May 2003. The Cardinal Group, Toronto
James P, Tzoulas K, Adams, MD, Barber A, Box J, Breuste J, Elmqvist T, Frith M, Gordon C, Greening KL, Handley J, Haworth S, Kazmierczak AE, Johnston M, Korpela K, Moretti M, Niemel J, Pauleit S, Roe MH, Sadler JP, Ward Thompson C, 2009. Towards an integrated understanding of green space in the European built environment. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 8, 65–75.
Jim CY, Chen, SS, 2003. Comprehensive greenspace planning based on landscape ecology principles in compact Nanjing City, China. Landscape and Urban Planning, 65, 95 – 116.
Jım, CY, Hongmıng H, 2010. Coupling heat flux Dynamics with meteorological conditions in the green roof ecosystem. Ecological Engineering, 36: 1052–1063.
Jim CY, Tsang SW., 2011. Ecological energetics of tropical intensive green roof. Energy and Buildings 43;2696–2704.
Jim CY, 2012. Effect of vegetation biomass structure on thermal performance of tropical green roofLandscape Ecol Eng (2012) 8:173–187
Kumar, R., and S. C. Kaushık. 2005. Performance evaluation of green roof and shading for thermal protection of buildings. Building and Environment, 40: 1505–1511.
Mentens J, Raes D, Hermy M, 2006. Green roofs as a tool for resolving the rainwater runoff problem in the urbanised 21st Century? Landscape and Urban Planning, 77: 217– 226.
Minke G, 2013. Inclıned Green Roofs – Ecologıcal And Economıcal Advantages, Passıve Heatıng and Coolıng Effect Cesb 07 Prague sustainable building and refurbisment for 26-28.6.2013 next generations prague. Session T4C: Materials 2
M’Ikiugu M, Kinoshitaa I, Tashiroa Y, 2012. Urban Green Space Analysis and Identification of its Potential Expansion Areas.Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 35 ( 2012 ) 449 – 458
Oberndorfer E, Lundholm J, Bass B, Coffman Rr, Doshı H, Dunnett N, Gaffın S, Köhler M, Lıu Kky, Rowe B, 2014. Green Roofs as Urban Ecosystems: Ecological Structures, Functions, http://bioscience.oxfordjournals.org/ Services.
Okeıl A, 2010. A holistic approach to energy efficient building forms. Energy and Buildings, 42: 1437–1444.
Pearce H, Walters CL, 2012. Do green roofs provide habitat for bats in urban areas? Acta Chiropterologica, 14(2): 469–478.
Peck SE, Callaghan C, Kuhn ME, Bass B, 1999. Green backs from green foofs: Forging a new industry in Canada. Canada Mortgage and Housting Coporation. Available at http://www.greenroofs.org/pdf/Greenb acks. pdf. Ottawa, Canada.
Peri G, Traverso M, Finkbeiner M, Rizzo G, 2012. Embedding “substrate” in environmental assessment of green roofs life cycle: evidences from an application to the whole chain in a Mediterranean site. Journal of Cleaner Production 35, 274- 287.
Rowe DB, 2011. Green roofs as a means of pollution abatement. Environmental Pollution 159: 2100-2110.
Sandstrom UG, 2002. Green Infrastructure Planning in Urban Sweden.Planning Practice & Research, Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 373–385
Sanesi G, Lafortezza R, Bonnes M, Carrus G, 2006. Comparisonof two different approaches for assessing the psychological and socialdimensions of greenspaces. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening5:121–129.
Smetana SM, Crittendena JC, 2014. Sustainable plants in urban parks: A life cycle analysis of traditional and alternative lawns in Georgia, USA. Landscape and Urban Planning 122, 140– 151.
Spala A, Bagiorgas HS, Assimakopoulos MN, Kalavrouziotis Mihalakakou G, 2008. On the green roof system.Selection, state of the art and energy potential investigation of a system installed in an office building in Athens, Renewable Energy 33, 173–177. D, Technical Note,
Stovın V, 2010. The potential for green roofs to manage urban storm water. Water and Environment Journal, 24: 192–199
Surhone LM, Tımpledon MT, Marseken S, 2010. Sustainable sustainable design, sustainable urban drainage systems, fauna, flora, green roof, roof garden, context theory. Betascript Publishing, Mauritius, 73 pp.
Teemusk A, and Mander Ü, 2010. Temperature regime of planted roofs compared with conventional roofing systems. Ecological Engineering, 36: 91–95.
Tian Y, Jim CY, Wang H, 2014.Assessing the landscape and ecological quality of urban green spaces in a compact city. Landscape and Urban Planning 121 (2014) 97–108
Tomalty R, Komorowski B, 2010. The Monetary Value of the Soft Benefits of Green Roofs Final Report Prepared Prepared for: Canada Corporation (CMHC) August, 2010 and Housing
World Urbanization Prospects, 2009.Revision, Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, the United Nations Secretariat, New York. Uy PD, Nakagoshi N, 2008.Applicationoflandsuitabilityanalysis andland- ecologytourbangreenspaceplanninginHa noi,Vietnam. UrbanGreening, 7, 25–40. scape Forestry and Measures: Including
Villarreal E, Bengtsson L, 2005. Response of a Sedum green-roof to individual rain events. Ecological Engineering 25:1–7.
Whittinghill LJ, Rowe DB, 2011. The role of green roof technology in urban Agriculture. Renewable Systems: 27(4); 314–322. and Food
Yang J, McBride J, Zhou J, Sun Z 2005.The urban forest in Beijing and its role in air pollution reduction. Urban For Urban Green 3:65–78.
Yang J, Yu, Q, Gong P, 2008.Quantifying air pollution by removal Chicago.Atmospheric Environment 42, 7266-7273. roofs in
Zhou X, Wang Y, 2011.Spatial–temporal Dynamics of urban green spaces in responseto rapid urbanization and greening policies. Landscape and Urban Planning, 100, 268–277.