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A Study of Soil and Land Features with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Analysis: Iğdır, Türkiye

Year 2022, , 198 - 208, 15.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.1076908

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the soil and land characteristics of the province of Iğdır in Türkiye and to create a database by using geographical data system analysis, which is widely used today. The study area was 3674.42 km2 and the digital elevation model of the area was created using a 1/25000 scale topographic map from the General Command of Mapping in Iğdır province, and elevation, slope, aspect, and drainage maps were produced. Additionally, by using data and maps from the previous General Directorate of Rural Services and General Directorate of Soil Reform, large soil groups, depth, land use capability classification, problematic soils, water erosion, and wind erosion maps were created, and area calculations were made with ArcGIS Pro 2.5 software. As a result, flat and near flatlands were located in the center, east, and north and mountainous lands with high altitudes were located in the west and south of Iğdır province. Therefore, slopes were steep in the south and west, and low in the central, east, and north parts. The land use capability map consisted of 122040 ha suitable for cultivated agriculture (I-IV class); 211220 ha unsuitable for cultivated agriculture (V-VII class) as grassland; and 29260 ha of non-agricultural land. Land with moderate, severe, and very severe erosion comprised 16.3%, 27.3%, and 25.8%, respectively, of water erosion. Wind erosion affected 36670 ha of land. Iğdır has large diversity and variety in terms of soil and land features, despite its small area.

References

  • Akalan, İ., 1983. Soil and Water Conservation. Ankara University, Agricultural Faculty Publication, No: 873, Textbook No: 238, 2nd Edition, Ankara, Türkiye. (In Turkish).
  • Akgül, M., Başayiğit, L., 2005. Detailed soil survey and mapping of Süleyman Demirel University farming land. Süleyman Demirel University Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 9(3): 1-10. (In Turkish).
  • Anonymous, 1998. Land asset of Kars Province. Publications of the General Directorate of Rural Services, Ankara, Türkiye. (In Turkish).
  • Anonymous, 2012. Soil Survey and Mapping Workshop Final Report. 30-31 August, Sandıklı, Afyon, Türkiye. (In Turkish).
  • Anonymous 2021. Climate Classifications. General Directorate of Meteorology. (https://www.mgm.gov. tr/iklim/iklim-siniflandirmalari.aspx), (Accessed: 15.12.2021). (In Turkish).
  • Anonymous, 2022. Geography of Iğdır Province. SERKA Development Agency. (https://www.serka.gov.tr/ bolgemiz/Iğdır/Iğdır-cografya/), (Accessed: 05.01. 2022). (In Turkish).
  • Aydan, C., Sabah, L., Yaman, N., Keser, K., 2016. Geology Applications with Open-Source Coded Geographic Information Systems. TMMOB Chamber of Geological Engineers Publications, No: 128, Ankara, Türkiye. (In Turkish).
  • Başayiğit, L., Uçar, G., 2019. Evaluation of the land characteristics ve soil properties of Kars province using by geographical information systems. Kafkas University Institute of Natural and Applied Science Journal, 12(1): 15-27. (In Turkish).
  • Demirci, A., 2008. GIS for Teachers. Fatih University Publication, No: 41, İstanbul, Türkiye. (In Turkish).
  • Dengiz, O., Özyazıcı, M.A., 2018. Multi-criteria land assessment for determination of rice growing suitability sites. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 6(1): 19-28. (In Turkish).
  • Dengiz, O., Sarıoğlu, F.E., 2011a. GIS analyses for topographic properties with some land properties and land use in Samsun province. Journal of Agriculture Faculty of Ege University, 48(1): 55-60. (In Turkish).
  • Dengiz, O., Sarıoğlu, F.E., 2011b. General distribution of potential agricultural areas of Samsun province and the importance of soil survey and mapping. Anadolu Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 26(3): 241-253. (In Turkish).
  • Fitzpatrick, C., Maguire, D.J., 2000. GIS in Schools: Infrastructure, methodology and role. In: D.R. Green (Ed.), GIS: A Sourcebook for Schools, Taylor & Francis, pp. 61-62.
  • Genç, Z., Dengiz, O., 2015. Determination of physiographic factors and some physico-chemical soil properties and mapping in Madendere watershed. Turkish Journal of Agricultural Research, 2(1): 28-39. (In Turkish).
  • Harmon, J.E., Anderson, S.J., 2003. The Design and implementation of Geographic Information Systems. John Wiley & Sons. Inc. Hoboken, New Jersey.
  • Karaca, S., Sarğın, B., Türkmen, F., 2019. Investigation of some land and soil properties by geographical information system analysis: Van province land and soil properties. Turkish Journal of Agricultural Research, 6(2): 199-205. (In Turkish).
  • Karaoğlu, M., Şimşek, U., Erdel, E., Tohumcu, F., 2018. A case study: Wind characteristics of Iğdır province in terms of wind erosion and introduction of second wind erosion area. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 27(11): 7460-7469.
  • Lillesand, T.M., Kiefer R.W., 2000. Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation. 4th Ed., New York USA, John Wiley & Sons Inc.
  • Mercan, Ç., Arpağ, S., 2020. The evaluation of soil and land characteristics by using geographic information system analysis: Mardin province lands, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agricultural Research, 7(1): 23-33. (In Turkish).
  • Özdoğan, N., 1976. Main Measures to be Taken in Wind Erosion and Wind Erosion Sites. General Directorate of Earth Water General Publication No: 306, Ankara, Türkiye. (In Turkish).
  • Özşahin, E., 2014. Using GIS-based RUSLE model in erosion risk assessment in Tekirdağ province. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 11(3): 45-56. (In Turkish).
  • Özyazıcı, M.A., Dengiz, O., İmamoğlu, A., 2014. Determination of some land and soil characteristics of Siirt province with geographic information system analysis. Turkish Journal of Agricultural Research, 1(2): 128-137. (In Turkish).
  • Özyazıcı, M.A., Dengiz, O., Özyazıcı, G., 2017. Spatial distribution of heavy metals density in cultivated soils of Central and East Parts of Black Sea Region in Turkey. Eurasian Journal of Soil Science, 6(3): 197-205.
  • Şenol, S., 2006. Soil Conservation and land use law should not be left unattended. TMMOB Chamber of Agricultural Engineers Publications, 76(77): 70-73. (In Turkish).
  • Şimşek, O., Nadaroğlu, Y., Yücel, G., Yıldırım, M., Erciyas, H., 2017. Frost Event and Turkey Frost Calendar (3rd Edition). Publications of the General Directorate of Meteorology, Ankara, Türkiye. (In Turkish).
  • Yaşar, M., Turgut, Y.Ş., Koca, Y.K., 2020. General evaluation of some soil characteristics of the Muş province using GIS (Geographical Information System) technique. Journal of Social Sciences of Mus Alparslan University, 8(UMS’20): 81-90. (In Turkish).

A Study of Soil and Land Features with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Analysis: Iğdır, Türkiye

Year 2022, , 198 - 208, 15.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.1076908

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the soil and land characteristics of the province of Iğdır in Türkiye and to create a database by using geographical data system analysis, which is widely used today. The study area was 3674.42 km2 and the digital elevation model of the area was created using a 1/25000 scale topographic map from the General Command of Mapping in Iğdır province, and elevation, slope, aspect, and drainage maps were produced. Additionally, by using data and maps from the previous General Directorate of Rural Services and General Directorate of Soil Reform, large soil groups, depth, land use capability classification, problematic soils, water erosion, and wind erosion maps were created, and area calculations were made with ArcGIS Pro 2.5 software. As a result, flat and near flatlands were located in the center, east, and north and mountainous lands with high altitudes were located in the west and south of Iğdır province. Therefore, slopes were steep in the south and west, and low in the central, east, and north parts. The land use capability map consisted of 122040 ha suitable for cultivated agriculture (I-IV class); 211220 ha unsuitable for cultivated agriculture (V-VII class) as grassland; and 29260 ha of non-agricultural land. Land with moderate, severe, and very severe erosion comprised 16.3%, 27.3%, and 25.8%, respectively, of water erosion. Wind erosion affected 36670 ha of land. Iğdır has large diversity and variety in terms of soil and land features, despite its small area.

References

  • Akalan, İ., 1983. Soil and Water Conservation. Ankara University, Agricultural Faculty Publication, No: 873, Textbook No: 238, 2nd Edition, Ankara, Türkiye. (In Turkish).
  • Akgül, M., Başayiğit, L., 2005. Detailed soil survey and mapping of Süleyman Demirel University farming land. Süleyman Demirel University Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 9(3): 1-10. (In Turkish).
  • Anonymous, 1998. Land asset of Kars Province. Publications of the General Directorate of Rural Services, Ankara, Türkiye. (In Turkish).
  • Anonymous, 2012. Soil Survey and Mapping Workshop Final Report. 30-31 August, Sandıklı, Afyon, Türkiye. (In Turkish).
  • Anonymous 2021. Climate Classifications. General Directorate of Meteorology. (https://www.mgm.gov. tr/iklim/iklim-siniflandirmalari.aspx), (Accessed: 15.12.2021). (In Turkish).
  • Anonymous, 2022. Geography of Iğdır Province. SERKA Development Agency. (https://www.serka.gov.tr/ bolgemiz/Iğdır/Iğdır-cografya/), (Accessed: 05.01. 2022). (In Turkish).
  • Aydan, C., Sabah, L., Yaman, N., Keser, K., 2016. Geology Applications with Open-Source Coded Geographic Information Systems. TMMOB Chamber of Geological Engineers Publications, No: 128, Ankara, Türkiye. (In Turkish).
  • Başayiğit, L., Uçar, G., 2019. Evaluation of the land characteristics ve soil properties of Kars province using by geographical information systems. Kafkas University Institute of Natural and Applied Science Journal, 12(1): 15-27. (In Turkish).
  • Demirci, A., 2008. GIS for Teachers. Fatih University Publication, No: 41, İstanbul, Türkiye. (In Turkish).
  • Dengiz, O., Özyazıcı, M.A., 2018. Multi-criteria land assessment for determination of rice growing suitability sites. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 6(1): 19-28. (In Turkish).
  • Dengiz, O., Sarıoğlu, F.E., 2011a. GIS analyses for topographic properties with some land properties and land use in Samsun province. Journal of Agriculture Faculty of Ege University, 48(1): 55-60. (In Turkish).
  • Dengiz, O., Sarıoğlu, F.E., 2011b. General distribution of potential agricultural areas of Samsun province and the importance of soil survey and mapping. Anadolu Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 26(3): 241-253. (In Turkish).
  • Fitzpatrick, C., Maguire, D.J., 2000. GIS in Schools: Infrastructure, methodology and role. In: D.R. Green (Ed.), GIS: A Sourcebook for Schools, Taylor & Francis, pp. 61-62.
  • Genç, Z., Dengiz, O., 2015. Determination of physiographic factors and some physico-chemical soil properties and mapping in Madendere watershed. Turkish Journal of Agricultural Research, 2(1): 28-39. (In Turkish).
  • Harmon, J.E., Anderson, S.J., 2003. The Design and implementation of Geographic Information Systems. John Wiley & Sons. Inc. Hoboken, New Jersey.
  • Karaca, S., Sarğın, B., Türkmen, F., 2019. Investigation of some land and soil properties by geographical information system analysis: Van province land and soil properties. Turkish Journal of Agricultural Research, 6(2): 199-205. (In Turkish).
  • Karaoğlu, M., Şimşek, U., Erdel, E., Tohumcu, F., 2018. A case study: Wind characteristics of Iğdır province in terms of wind erosion and introduction of second wind erosion area. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 27(11): 7460-7469.
  • Lillesand, T.M., Kiefer R.W., 2000. Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation. 4th Ed., New York USA, John Wiley & Sons Inc.
  • Mercan, Ç., Arpağ, S., 2020. The evaluation of soil and land characteristics by using geographic information system analysis: Mardin province lands, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agricultural Research, 7(1): 23-33. (In Turkish).
  • Özdoğan, N., 1976. Main Measures to be Taken in Wind Erosion and Wind Erosion Sites. General Directorate of Earth Water General Publication No: 306, Ankara, Türkiye. (In Turkish).
  • Özşahin, E., 2014. Using GIS-based RUSLE model in erosion risk assessment in Tekirdağ province. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 11(3): 45-56. (In Turkish).
  • Özyazıcı, M.A., Dengiz, O., İmamoğlu, A., 2014. Determination of some land and soil characteristics of Siirt province with geographic information system analysis. Turkish Journal of Agricultural Research, 1(2): 128-137. (In Turkish).
  • Özyazıcı, M.A., Dengiz, O., Özyazıcı, G., 2017. Spatial distribution of heavy metals density in cultivated soils of Central and East Parts of Black Sea Region in Turkey. Eurasian Journal of Soil Science, 6(3): 197-205.
  • Şenol, S., 2006. Soil Conservation and land use law should not be left unattended. TMMOB Chamber of Agricultural Engineers Publications, 76(77): 70-73. (In Turkish).
  • Şimşek, O., Nadaroğlu, Y., Yücel, G., Yıldırım, M., Erciyas, H., 2017. Frost Event and Turkey Frost Calendar (3rd Edition). Publications of the General Directorate of Meteorology, Ankara, Türkiye. (In Turkish).
  • Yaşar, M., Turgut, Y.Ş., Koca, Y.K., 2020. General evaluation of some soil characteristics of the Muş province using GIS (Geographical Information System) technique. Journal of Social Sciences of Mus Alparslan University, 8(UMS’20): 81-90. (In Turkish).
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Mücahit Karaoğlu 0000-0002-7388-9192

Erhan Erdel 0000-0002-8011-9452

Publication Date August 15, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

APA Karaoğlu, M., & Erdel, E. (2022). A Study of Soil and Land Features with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Analysis: Iğdır, Türkiye. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 9(2), 198-208. https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.1076908
AMA Karaoğlu M, Erdel E. A Study of Soil and Land Features with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Analysis: Iğdır, Türkiye. TÜTAD. August 2022;9(2):198-208. doi:10.19159/tutad.1076908
Chicago Karaoğlu, Mücahit, and Erhan Erdel. “A Study of Soil and Land Features With Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Analysis: Iğdır, Türkiye”. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi 9, no. 2 (August 2022): 198-208. https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.1076908.
EndNote Karaoğlu M, Erdel E (August 1, 2022) A Study of Soil and Land Features with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Analysis: Iğdır, Türkiye. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi 9 2 198–208.
IEEE M. Karaoğlu and E. Erdel, “A Study of Soil and Land Features with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Analysis: Iğdır, Türkiye”, TÜTAD, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 198–208, 2022, doi: 10.19159/tutad.1076908.
ISNAD Karaoğlu, Mücahit - Erdel, Erhan. “A Study of Soil and Land Features With Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Analysis: Iğdır, Türkiye”. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi 9/2 (August 2022), 198-208. https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.1076908.
JAMA Karaoğlu M, Erdel E. A Study of Soil and Land Features with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Analysis: Iğdır, Türkiye. TÜTAD. 2022;9:198–208.
MLA Karaoğlu, Mücahit and Erhan Erdel. “A Study of Soil and Land Features With Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Analysis: Iğdır, Türkiye”. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi, vol. 9, no. 2, 2022, pp. 198-0, doi:10.19159/tutad.1076908.
Vancouver Karaoğlu M, Erdel E. A Study of Soil and Land Features with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Analysis: Iğdır, Türkiye. TÜTAD. 2022;9(2):198-20.

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