Effects of Polyamines on Plant Growth and Development with a Current Perspective

Abstract

Polyamines are aliphatic, amine-containing polycationic molecules with a low molecular weight that are present in almost all cells. They've been considered a new class of plant growth regulators because they play critical roles in a variety of growth, developmental and physiological processes such as cell division and differentiation, protein synthesis, DNA replication, gene expression, somatic embryogenesis, dormancy breaking in seed germination, flower and fruit development, senescence, and enhancing stress tolerance. Although polyamines are known to be involved in various plant processes, their precise role remains unclear. This review includes current research on polyamine metabolism and function, metabolic mechanisms involved in polyamine formation and degradation, genetic and molecular approaches in plants, as well as studies using metabolic inhibitors to better understand the roles of polyamines. Polyamines and their modifications in transgenics are explored from a molecular perspective, and significant variations in polyamine titers in response to other plant regulators and stress factors are also discussed.

Keywords

• Poliamins
• putrescine
• spermidine
• spermine
• stress adaptation

Güncel Bir Bakış Açısıyla Poliaminlerin Bitki Büyüme ve Gelişimi Üzerine Etkileri

Abstract

Poliaminler, hemen hemen tüm hücrelerde bulunan, düşük moleküler ağırlığa sahip, alifatik, amin içeren polikatyonik moleküllerdir. Hücre bölünmesi ve farklılaşması, protein sentezi, DNA replikasyonu, gen ekspresyonu, somatik embriyogenez, tohum çimlenmesinde dormansinin kırılması, çiçek ve meyve gelişimi, yaşlanma ve stres toleransını arttırma gibi çeşitli büyüme, gelişimsel ve fizyolojik süreçlerde kritik rol oynadıkları için yeni bir bitki büyüme düzenleyici sınıfı olarak kabul edilmektedirler. Poliaminlerin, çeşitli bitki süreçlerinde yer aldıkları bilinse de kesin rolleri belirsizliğini korumaktadır. Bu derleme, poliaminlerin rollerini daha iyi anlamak için, poliamin metabolizması ve işlevi, poliamin oluşumu ve yıkımında rol oynayan metabolik mekanizmalar, bitkilerde genetik ve moleküler yaklaşımların yanı sıra metabolik inhibitörleri kullanan çalışmalar hakkında güncel araştırmalara yer vermektedir. Poliaminler ve bunların transgeniklerdeki modifikasyonları moleküler bir perspektiften araştırılmış ve ayrıca diğer bitki düzenleyicilerine ve stres faktörlerine yanıt olarak poliamin titrelerindeki önemli varyasyonlar da tartışılmıştır.

Keywords

• Poliaminler
• putresin
• spermidin
• spermin
• stres adaptasyonu

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