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Kadmiyum Stresindeki Tahıl Türlerinin Besin Elementi Alımında Organik Gübrelerin Rolü

Year 2024, , 91 - 108, 03.04.2024
https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.1411832

Abstract

Organik (yarasa gübresi, vermikompost ve yaprak kompost) ve mineral gübrelemenin, kadmiyum (Cd) koşullarında uygulanmasının sekiz tahıl çeşidinin (2 ve 6 sıralı arpa, tritordeum, ekmeklik ve makarnalık buğday, tritikale, çavdar ve yulaf) erken gelişme döneminde besin elementi [azot (N), fosfor (P), potasyum (K), kalsiyum (Ca), magnezyum (Mg), çinko (Zn), demir (Fe), bakır (Cu), mangan (Mn) ve Cd] alımına ve kuru madde miktarına etkilerini incelemek için bu araştırma yürütülmüştür. Bitkiler faktöriyel deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlü olarak kontrollü koşullarda, üç yapraklı döneme kadar yetiştirilmiştir. Tohum ekimi öncesi gübreler ve Cd toprağa uygulanmıştır. Gübrelerin bitki kuru ağırlığı ve besin elementi alımını artırma etkisi geleneksel gübreleme > yarasa gübresi > vermikompost > yaprak kompostu olarak sıralanmıştır. Tahıl türlerinde P ve Zn alımının makarnalık buğdayda, diğer besin elementlerinin ve kuru madde miktarının arpa çeşitlerinde en fazla olduğu belirlenmiştir. Besin elementlerini en az alan tahıl türünün ise tritordeum olduğu görülmüştür. Mineral gübreleme yapılan tahıl türlerinde Cd uygulanması ile Cd alımı artarken, yaprak kompostunun, en az Cd birikimine yol açtığı belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları, özellikle mineral gübrelerin Cd ile kirlenmiş topraklarda, tahıl bitkilerinin yüksek miktarda Cd alımına yol açtığı, yaprak kompostunun, Cd alımını azaltmada etkili olduğunu göstermiştir.

References

  • Açıkgöz, N., Açıkgöz, N., 2001. Tarımsal araştırmaların istatistiki değerlendirilmesinde yapılan bazı hatalar: I. Tek faktörlü denemeler. Anadolu, 11(1): 135-147.
  • Ahmad, I., Akhtar, M.J., Zahir, Z.A., Mitter, B., 2015. Organic amendments: effects on cereals growth and cadmium remediation. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 12: 2919-2928.
  • Alam, M., Hussain, Z., Khan, A., Khan, M.A., Rab, A., Asif, M., Shah, M.A., Muhammad, A., 2020. The effects of organic amendments on heavy metals bioavailability in mine impacted soil and associated human health risk. Scientia Horticulturae, 262: 109067.
  • Alengebawy, A., Abdelkhalek, S.T., Qureshi, S.R., Wang, M.Q., 2021. Heavy metals and pesticides toxicity in agricultural soil and plants: Ecological risks and human health implications. Toxics, 9(3): 42.
  • Barakat, M.R., Yehia, T.A., Sayed, B.M., 2012. Response of newhall naval orange to bio-organic fertilization under newly reclaimed area conditions I: Vegetative growth and nutritional status. Journal of Horticulture Science and Ornamental Plants, 4(1): 18-25.
  • Bhandal, I.S., Kuar, H., 1992. Heavy metal inhibition of nitrate uptake and in vivo nitrate reductase in roots of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 35(3): 281-284.
  • Biçer, A., Özyazıcı, G., 2020. İkinci ürün olarak yetiştirilen karabuğday (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.)’da vermikompost dozlarının verim ve bazı kalite özelliklerine etkisi. Euroasia Journal of Mathematics, Engineering, Natural & Medical Sciences, 7(9): 273-287.
  • Bigalke, M., Ulrich, A., Rehmus, A., Keller, A., 2017. Accumulation of cadmium and uranium in arable soils in Switzerland. Environmental Pollution, 221: 85-93.
  • Buliga, C., 2010. Guano Exploitation in Madagascar. Washington, DC: SIT Graduate Institute/ SIT Study Abroad, (https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/cgi/ viewcontent.cgi?article=1893&context=isp_collection), (Erişim Tarihi: 12.10.2023).
  • Businelli, D., Massaccesi, L., Said-Pullicino, D., Gigliotti, G., 2009. Longterm distribution, mobility and plant availability of compostderived heavy metals in a landfill covering soil. Science of The Total Environment, 407(4): 1426-1435.
  • Clemente, R., Escolar, A., Bernal, M.P., 2006. Heavy metal fractionation and organic matter mineralisation in contaminated calcareous soil amended with organic materials. Bioresource Technology, 97(15): 1894-1901.
  • Das, S., Deka, P., Goswami, L., Sahariah, B., 2016. Vermiremediation of toxic jute mill waste employing metaphire posthuma. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23: 15418-15431.
  • Diacono, M., Montemurro, F., 2010. Long-term effects of organic amendments on soil fertility. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 30(2): 401-422.
  • Dourado, M.N,, Martins, P.F., Quecine, M.C., Piotto, F.A., Souza, L.A., Franco, M.R., Tezotto, T., Azevedo, R.A., 2013. Burkholderia sp. SCMS54 reduces cadmium toxicity and promotes growth in tomato. Annals of Applied Biology, 163(3): 494-507.
  • Guo, T.R., Zhang, G.P., Zhou, M.X., Wu, F.B., Chen, J.X., 2007. Influence of aluminum and cadmium stresses on mineral nutrition and root exudates in two barley cultivars. Pedosphere, 17(4): 505-512.
  • Harborne, J.B., 1984. Methods of plant analysis. In: J.B. Harborne (Ed.), Phytochemical Methods: A Guide to Modern Techniques of Plant Analysis, Springer, Dordrecht, Netherlands, pp. 1-36.
  • Hu, J., Chen, G., Xu, K., Wang, J., 2022. Cadmium in cereal crops: Uptake and transport mechanisms and minimizing strategies. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 70(20): 5961-5974.
  • Hussain, B., Ashraf, M.N., Shafeeq-ur-Rahman, Abbas, A., Li, J., Farooq, M., 2021. Cadmium stress in paddy fields: Effects of soil conditions and remediation strategies. Science of The Total Environment, 754: 142188.
  • Kacar, B., İnal, A., 2008. Bitki Analizleri. Nobel Yayın No: 1241, Ankara.
  • Karlsons, A., Osvalde, A., Andersone-Ozola, U., Ievinsh, G., 2016. Vermicompost from municipal sewage sludge affects growth and mineral nutrition of winter rye (Secale cereale) plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 39(6): 765-780.
  • Khaitov, B., Yun, H.J., Lee, Y., Ruziev, F., Le, T.H., Umurzokov, M., Bo A.B., Cho K.M., Park, K.W., 2019. Impact of organic manure on growth, nutrient content and yield of chilli pepper under various temperature environments. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(17): 3031.
  • Khaliq, M.A., James, B., Chen, Y.H., Ahmed Saqib, H.S., Li, H.H., Jayasuriya, P., Guo, W., 2019. Uptake, translocation, and accumulation of Cd and its interaction with mineral nutrients (Fe, Zn, Ni, Ca, Mg) in upland rice. Chemosphere, 215: 916-924.
  • Kirkham, M.B., 2006. Cadmium in plants on polluted soils: Effects of soil factors, hyperaccumulation, and amendments. Geoderma, 137(1-2): 19-32.
  • Kominko, H., Gorazda, K., Wzorek, Z., 2019. Potentiality of sewage sludge-based organo-mineral fertilizer production in Poland considering nutrient value, heavy metal content and phytotoxicity for rapeseed crops. Journal of Environmental Management, 248: 109283.
  • Kubier, A., Pichler, T., 2019. Cadmium in groundwater-A synopsis based on a large hydrogeochemical data set. Science of the Total Environment, 689: 831-842.
  • Martin, S., Griswold, W., 2009. Human health effects of heavy metals. Environmental Science and Technology Briefs for Citizens, 15(5): 1-6.
  • Mitchell, L.G., Grant, C.A., Racz, G.J., 2000. Effect of nitrogen application on concentration of cadmium and nutrient ions in soil solution and in durum wheat. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 80(1): 107-115.
  • Rani, N., Singh, M., 2022. Remediation of soil impacted by heavy metal using farm yard manure, vermicompost, biochar and poultry manure. In: M. Aide and I. Braden (Eds.), Soil Science-Emerging Technologies, Global Perspectives and Applications, IntechOpen Limited, London, United Kingdom.
  • Ni, Z.Y., Zhang, M.K., Wang, J.W., Li, D., Wang, Y.J., 2020. Cadmium uptake and accumulation in rice at different growth stages. Journal of Agriculture, 10(3): 49-54.
  • Oldare, M., Arthurson, V., Pell, M., Svensson, K., Nehrenheim, E., Abubakar, J., 2011. Land application of organic waste-Effects on the soil ecosystem. Applied Energy, 88(6): 2210-2218.
  • Ozyazici, MA., Dengiz, O., Ozyazici, G., 2017. Spatial distribution of heavy metals density in cultivated soils of Central and East Parts of Black Sea Region in Turkey. Eurasian Journal of Soil Science, 6(3): 197-205.
  • Ozyazici, G., Turan, N., 2021. Effect of vermicompost application on mineral nutrient composition of grains of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum m.). Sustainability, 13(11): 6004.
  • Özyazıcı, M.A., Dengiz, O., Özyazıcı, G., 2019. Ordu ili tarım topraklarının ağır metal içeriklerine yönelik zenginleşme faktörlerinin farklı enterpolasyon modeller kullanılarak konumsal dağılımlarının belirlenmesi. ZEUGMA II. Uluslararası Multidisipliner Çalışmalar Kongresi, 18-20 Ocak, Tam Metin Kitabı, Cilt-2, Gaziantep, Türkiye, s. 901-916.
  • Perez-de-Mora, A., Madrid, F., Cabrera, F., Madejon, E., 2007. Amendments and plant cover influence on trace element pools in a contaminated soil. Geoderma, 139(1-2): 1-10.
  • Rahimi, A., Özyazıcı, G., Ahmadi, F., 2020. Effects of some heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) concentration on qualitative traits of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) and basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). ISPEC Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 4(1): 54-67.
  • Rajaie, M., Karimian, N., Maftoun, M., Yasrebi, J., Assad, M.T., 2006. Chemical forms of cadmium in two calcareous soil textural classes as affected by application of cadmium-enriched compost and incubation time. Geoderma, 136(3-4): 533-541.
  • Rizwan, M., Ali, S., Adrees, M., Rizvi, H., Zia-ur-Rehman, M., Hannan, F., Qayyum, M.F., Hafeez, F., Ok, Y.S., 2016. Cadmium stress in rice: Toxic effects, tolerance mechanisms, and management: A critical review. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23: 17859-17879.
  • Robson, T.C., Braungardt, C.B., Rieuwerts, J., Worsfold, P., 2014. Cadmium contamination of agricultural soils and crops resulting from sphalerite weathering. Environmental Pollution, 184: 283-289.
  • Shetty, S., Sreepada, K.S., Bhat, R., 2013. Effect of bat guano on the growth of Vigna radiata L. International Journal of Science and Research, 3(3): 1-8.
  • Srivastava, P.K., Gupta, M., Upadhyay, R.K., Sharma, S., Shikha, Singh, N., Tewari, S.K., Singh, B., 2012. Effects of combined application of vermicompost and mineral fertilizer on the growth of Allium cepa L. and soil fertility. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 175(1): 101-107.
  • Wångstrand, H., Eriksson, J., Öborn, I., 2007. Cadmium concentration in winter wheat as affected by nitrogen fertilization. European Journal of Agronomy, 26(3): 209-214.
  • Yang, Y., Li, Y., Wang, T., Chen, W., Wang, M., Dai, Y., 2022. Derivation of human health risk-based thresholds for lead in soils promote the production of safer wheat and rice. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 230: 113131.

The Role of Organic Fertilizers in Nutrient Uptake of Cereal Species Under Cadmium Stress

Year 2024, , 91 - 108, 03.04.2024
https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.1411832

Abstract

The effects of organic (bat manure, vermicompost, and compost) and mineral fertilization on the nutrients [nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and cadmium (Cd)] uptake and dry matter content of eight cereals (two and six row barley, tritordeum, bread and durum wheat, triticale, rye, and oat) were examined under Cd conditions. The plants were grown in controlled conditions in three replications according to the factorial trial design until the three-leaf stage. Fertilizers and Cd were applied to the soil before seed planting. The impact of fertilizers on plant dry weight and nutrient uptake is presented in descending order: mineral fertilization > bat manure > vermicompost > compost. Among different cereal types, durum wheat had the highest uptake of P and Zn, while barley varieties had the highest amount of other nutrients and dry matter. Tritordeum was found to have the lowest nutrient content among the cereal types. The research results indicate that Cd accumulation increased with the application of Cd in cereals that received mineral fertilization. However, compost caused the least Cd accumulation. It has been shown that mineral fertilizers, especially in Cd-polluted soils, cause high amounts of Cd uptake by plants. On the other hand, compost is effective in reducing Cd uptake by plants.

References

  • Açıkgöz, N., Açıkgöz, N., 2001. Tarımsal araştırmaların istatistiki değerlendirilmesinde yapılan bazı hatalar: I. Tek faktörlü denemeler. Anadolu, 11(1): 135-147.
  • Ahmad, I., Akhtar, M.J., Zahir, Z.A., Mitter, B., 2015. Organic amendments: effects on cereals growth and cadmium remediation. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 12: 2919-2928.
  • Alam, M., Hussain, Z., Khan, A., Khan, M.A., Rab, A., Asif, M., Shah, M.A., Muhammad, A., 2020. The effects of organic amendments on heavy metals bioavailability in mine impacted soil and associated human health risk. Scientia Horticulturae, 262: 109067.
  • Alengebawy, A., Abdelkhalek, S.T., Qureshi, S.R., Wang, M.Q., 2021. Heavy metals and pesticides toxicity in agricultural soil and plants: Ecological risks and human health implications. Toxics, 9(3): 42.
  • Barakat, M.R., Yehia, T.A., Sayed, B.M., 2012. Response of newhall naval orange to bio-organic fertilization under newly reclaimed area conditions I: Vegetative growth and nutritional status. Journal of Horticulture Science and Ornamental Plants, 4(1): 18-25.
  • Bhandal, I.S., Kuar, H., 1992. Heavy metal inhibition of nitrate uptake and in vivo nitrate reductase in roots of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 35(3): 281-284.
  • Biçer, A., Özyazıcı, G., 2020. İkinci ürün olarak yetiştirilen karabuğday (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.)’da vermikompost dozlarının verim ve bazı kalite özelliklerine etkisi. Euroasia Journal of Mathematics, Engineering, Natural & Medical Sciences, 7(9): 273-287.
  • Bigalke, M., Ulrich, A., Rehmus, A., Keller, A., 2017. Accumulation of cadmium and uranium in arable soils in Switzerland. Environmental Pollution, 221: 85-93.
  • Buliga, C., 2010. Guano Exploitation in Madagascar. Washington, DC: SIT Graduate Institute/ SIT Study Abroad, (https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/cgi/ viewcontent.cgi?article=1893&context=isp_collection), (Erişim Tarihi: 12.10.2023).
  • Businelli, D., Massaccesi, L., Said-Pullicino, D., Gigliotti, G., 2009. Longterm distribution, mobility and plant availability of compostderived heavy metals in a landfill covering soil. Science of The Total Environment, 407(4): 1426-1435.
  • Clemente, R., Escolar, A., Bernal, M.P., 2006. Heavy metal fractionation and organic matter mineralisation in contaminated calcareous soil amended with organic materials. Bioresource Technology, 97(15): 1894-1901.
  • Das, S., Deka, P., Goswami, L., Sahariah, B., 2016. Vermiremediation of toxic jute mill waste employing metaphire posthuma. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23: 15418-15431.
  • Diacono, M., Montemurro, F., 2010. Long-term effects of organic amendments on soil fertility. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 30(2): 401-422.
  • Dourado, M.N,, Martins, P.F., Quecine, M.C., Piotto, F.A., Souza, L.A., Franco, M.R., Tezotto, T., Azevedo, R.A., 2013. Burkholderia sp. SCMS54 reduces cadmium toxicity and promotes growth in tomato. Annals of Applied Biology, 163(3): 494-507.
  • Guo, T.R., Zhang, G.P., Zhou, M.X., Wu, F.B., Chen, J.X., 2007. Influence of aluminum and cadmium stresses on mineral nutrition and root exudates in two barley cultivars. Pedosphere, 17(4): 505-512.
  • Harborne, J.B., 1984. Methods of plant analysis. In: J.B. Harborne (Ed.), Phytochemical Methods: A Guide to Modern Techniques of Plant Analysis, Springer, Dordrecht, Netherlands, pp. 1-36.
  • Hu, J., Chen, G., Xu, K., Wang, J., 2022. Cadmium in cereal crops: Uptake and transport mechanisms and minimizing strategies. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 70(20): 5961-5974.
  • Hussain, B., Ashraf, M.N., Shafeeq-ur-Rahman, Abbas, A., Li, J., Farooq, M., 2021. Cadmium stress in paddy fields: Effects of soil conditions and remediation strategies. Science of The Total Environment, 754: 142188.
  • Kacar, B., İnal, A., 2008. Bitki Analizleri. Nobel Yayın No: 1241, Ankara.
  • Karlsons, A., Osvalde, A., Andersone-Ozola, U., Ievinsh, G., 2016. Vermicompost from municipal sewage sludge affects growth and mineral nutrition of winter rye (Secale cereale) plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 39(6): 765-780.
  • Khaitov, B., Yun, H.J., Lee, Y., Ruziev, F., Le, T.H., Umurzokov, M., Bo A.B., Cho K.M., Park, K.W., 2019. Impact of organic manure on growth, nutrient content and yield of chilli pepper under various temperature environments. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(17): 3031.
  • Khaliq, M.A., James, B., Chen, Y.H., Ahmed Saqib, H.S., Li, H.H., Jayasuriya, P., Guo, W., 2019. Uptake, translocation, and accumulation of Cd and its interaction with mineral nutrients (Fe, Zn, Ni, Ca, Mg) in upland rice. Chemosphere, 215: 916-924.
  • Kirkham, M.B., 2006. Cadmium in plants on polluted soils: Effects of soil factors, hyperaccumulation, and amendments. Geoderma, 137(1-2): 19-32.
  • Kominko, H., Gorazda, K., Wzorek, Z., 2019. Potentiality of sewage sludge-based organo-mineral fertilizer production in Poland considering nutrient value, heavy metal content and phytotoxicity for rapeseed crops. Journal of Environmental Management, 248: 109283.
  • Kubier, A., Pichler, T., 2019. Cadmium in groundwater-A synopsis based on a large hydrogeochemical data set. Science of the Total Environment, 689: 831-842.
  • Martin, S., Griswold, W., 2009. Human health effects of heavy metals. Environmental Science and Technology Briefs for Citizens, 15(5): 1-6.
  • Mitchell, L.G., Grant, C.A., Racz, G.J., 2000. Effect of nitrogen application on concentration of cadmium and nutrient ions in soil solution and in durum wheat. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 80(1): 107-115.
  • Rani, N., Singh, M., 2022. Remediation of soil impacted by heavy metal using farm yard manure, vermicompost, biochar and poultry manure. In: M. Aide and I. Braden (Eds.), Soil Science-Emerging Technologies, Global Perspectives and Applications, IntechOpen Limited, London, United Kingdom.
  • Ni, Z.Y., Zhang, M.K., Wang, J.W., Li, D., Wang, Y.J., 2020. Cadmium uptake and accumulation in rice at different growth stages. Journal of Agriculture, 10(3): 49-54.
  • Oldare, M., Arthurson, V., Pell, M., Svensson, K., Nehrenheim, E., Abubakar, J., 2011. Land application of organic waste-Effects on the soil ecosystem. Applied Energy, 88(6): 2210-2218.
  • Ozyazici, MA., Dengiz, O., Ozyazici, G., 2017. Spatial distribution of heavy metals density in cultivated soils of Central and East Parts of Black Sea Region in Turkey. Eurasian Journal of Soil Science, 6(3): 197-205.
  • Ozyazici, G., Turan, N., 2021. Effect of vermicompost application on mineral nutrient composition of grains of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum m.). Sustainability, 13(11): 6004.
  • Özyazıcı, M.A., Dengiz, O., Özyazıcı, G., 2019. Ordu ili tarım topraklarının ağır metal içeriklerine yönelik zenginleşme faktörlerinin farklı enterpolasyon modeller kullanılarak konumsal dağılımlarının belirlenmesi. ZEUGMA II. Uluslararası Multidisipliner Çalışmalar Kongresi, 18-20 Ocak, Tam Metin Kitabı, Cilt-2, Gaziantep, Türkiye, s. 901-916.
  • Perez-de-Mora, A., Madrid, F., Cabrera, F., Madejon, E., 2007. Amendments and plant cover influence on trace element pools in a contaminated soil. Geoderma, 139(1-2): 1-10.
  • Rahimi, A., Özyazıcı, G., Ahmadi, F., 2020. Effects of some heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) concentration on qualitative traits of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) and basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). ISPEC Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 4(1): 54-67.
  • Rajaie, M., Karimian, N., Maftoun, M., Yasrebi, J., Assad, M.T., 2006. Chemical forms of cadmium in two calcareous soil textural classes as affected by application of cadmium-enriched compost and incubation time. Geoderma, 136(3-4): 533-541.
  • Rizwan, M., Ali, S., Adrees, M., Rizvi, H., Zia-ur-Rehman, M., Hannan, F., Qayyum, M.F., Hafeez, F., Ok, Y.S., 2016. Cadmium stress in rice: Toxic effects, tolerance mechanisms, and management: A critical review. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23: 17859-17879.
  • Robson, T.C., Braungardt, C.B., Rieuwerts, J., Worsfold, P., 2014. Cadmium contamination of agricultural soils and crops resulting from sphalerite weathering. Environmental Pollution, 184: 283-289.
  • Shetty, S., Sreepada, K.S., Bhat, R., 2013. Effect of bat guano on the growth of Vigna radiata L. International Journal of Science and Research, 3(3): 1-8.
  • Srivastava, P.K., Gupta, M., Upadhyay, R.K., Sharma, S., Shikha, Singh, N., Tewari, S.K., Singh, B., 2012. Effects of combined application of vermicompost and mineral fertilizer on the growth of Allium cepa L. and soil fertility. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 175(1): 101-107.
  • Wångstrand, H., Eriksson, J., Öborn, I., 2007. Cadmium concentration in winter wheat as affected by nitrogen fertilization. European Journal of Agronomy, 26(3): 209-214.
  • Yang, Y., Li, Y., Wang, T., Chen, W., Wang, M., Dai, Y., 2022. Derivation of human health risk-based thresholds for lead in soils promote the production of safer wheat and rice. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 230: 113131.
There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Fertilisers and Application, Cereals and Legumes
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Nurdilek Gülmezoğlu 0000-0002-5756-526X

İmren Kutlu 0000-0002-3505-1479

Ferdi Sağır 0000-0002-8731-7814

Publication Date April 3, 2024
Submission Date December 29, 2023
Acceptance Date March 26, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024

Cite

APA Gülmezoğlu, N., Kutlu, İ., & Sağır, F. (2024). Kadmiyum Stresindeki Tahıl Türlerinin Besin Elementi Alımında Organik Gübrelerin Rolü. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 11(1), 91-108. https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.1411832
AMA Gülmezoğlu N, Kutlu İ, Sağır F. Kadmiyum Stresindeki Tahıl Türlerinin Besin Elementi Alımında Organik Gübrelerin Rolü. TÜTAD. April 2024;11(1):91-108. doi:10.19159/tutad.1411832
Chicago Gülmezoğlu, Nurdilek, İmren Kutlu, and Ferdi Sağır. “Kadmiyum Stresindeki Tahıl Türlerinin Besin Elementi Alımında Organik Gübrelerin Rolü”. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi 11, no. 1 (April 2024): 91-108. https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.1411832.
EndNote Gülmezoğlu N, Kutlu İ, Sağır F (April 1, 2024) Kadmiyum Stresindeki Tahıl Türlerinin Besin Elementi Alımında Organik Gübrelerin Rolü. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi 11 1 91–108.
IEEE N. Gülmezoğlu, İ. Kutlu, and F. Sağır, “Kadmiyum Stresindeki Tahıl Türlerinin Besin Elementi Alımında Organik Gübrelerin Rolü”, TÜTAD, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 91–108, 2024, doi: 10.19159/tutad.1411832.
ISNAD Gülmezoğlu, Nurdilek et al. “Kadmiyum Stresindeki Tahıl Türlerinin Besin Elementi Alımında Organik Gübrelerin Rolü”. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi 11/1 (April 2024), 91-108. https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.1411832.
JAMA Gülmezoğlu N, Kutlu İ, Sağır F. Kadmiyum Stresindeki Tahıl Türlerinin Besin Elementi Alımında Organik Gübrelerin Rolü. TÜTAD. 2024;11:91–108.
MLA Gülmezoğlu, Nurdilek et al. “Kadmiyum Stresindeki Tahıl Türlerinin Besin Elementi Alımında Organik Gübrelerin Rolü”. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi, vol. 11, no. 1, 2024, pp. 91-108, doi:10.19159/tutad.1411832.
Vancouver Gülmezoğlu N, Kutlu İ, Sağır F. Kadmiyum Stresindeki Tahıl Türlerinin Besin Elementi Alımında Organik Gübrelerin Rolü. TÜTAD. 2024;11(1):91-108.

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