Use of Geostatistics and Geographical Information Systems Techniques in the Management of Gökhöyük Agricultural Farm

Year 2019, , 102 - 114, 28.02.2019

Mesut Budak , Nurullah Acir

https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.517447

Abstract

Spatial variability of soil properties which
vary greatly depending on land use, parent material and topography
significantly affects soil fertility, quality, and overall sustainability. This
study was carried out to determine and map the spatial variability of some of
soil properties in Gökhöyük Agricultural Farm, which is approximately 1900 ha,
and to identify the problems that may affect the sustainable use of the land
and to propose solutions. For this purpose, soil samples representing the study
area were collected from 63 points and 4 different depths (0-30, 30-60, 60-90
and 90-120) along with 19 water samples from 1.5-2.0 m depths. Electrical
conductivity (EC), pH, clay, sand, silt contents and hydraulic conductivity
values of soil samples, and pH and EC values of the groundwater samples were
determined from 19 points. The general status and spatial variability of soil
properties studied were characterized by classical statistics and
geostatistical methods. According to the results of the study, the hydraulic
conductivity values (<20 mm h^-1) were found to be very low in
both surface and subsoil soils having high clay content. The pH values, which
have a significant effect on plant nutrient availability, were higher than 8.5
at all depths in a significant portion of the study area. The EC values of
soils (60-120 cm depth) located in the middle part of the study area were high (>4 dS m^-1),
to be considered as problematic. The EC values of water samples in this
location were above 20 dS m^-1. Highly saline ground water that
transported to the soil surface with capillarity in the dry and hot seasons can
harm the productivity function of soils. Spatial distribution maps of the soil
properties will enable to make the accurate decisions which will contribute to
the development of plant production and improvement of soil quality in the farm
land.

Keywords

Spatial variability, salinity, hydraulic conductivity, management zone, geostatistics

Gökhöyük Tarım İşletmesi Arazilerinin İdaresinde Jeoistatistik ve Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri Tekniklerinin Kullanımı

Abstract

Arazi kullanımı, ana materyal ve topoğrafyaya bağlı olarak büyük
değişkenlik gösteren toprak özelliklerinin mesafeye bağlı değişkenlikleri;
toprağın verimliliği, kalitesi ve genel olarak sürdürülebilirliğini önemli
düzeyde etkilemektedir. Bu çalışma; yaklaşık 1900 hektar genişliğindeki
Gökhöyük Tarım İşletmesi arazilerinin bir kısım toprak özelliklerinin mesafeye
bağlı değişkenliklerini belirlemek, haritalamak ve işletme arazilerinin
sürdürülebilir kullanımlarını etkileyecek sorunların tespit edilerek çözüm
önerilerini ortaya koymak amacı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu amaçla, çalışma
alanını temsil edecek şekilde 63 noktadan ve 4 farklı derinlikten (0-30, 30-60,
60-90 ve 90-120 cm) toprak ve 19 noktadan da taban suyu örnekleri alınmıştır.
Toprak örneklerinde elektriksel iletkenlik (EC), pH, kil, kum ve silt
içerikleri ile hidrolik iletkenlik değerleri; taban suyu örneklerinde ise pH ve
EC değerleri belirlenmiştir. Klasik istatistik ve jeoistatistik yöntemler ile
çalışılan özelliklerin, arazideki genel durumu ve mesafeye bağlı
değişkenlikleri karakterize edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucuna göre, yüksek kil
içeriğine sahip olan hem yüzey hem de yüzey altı topraklarında hidrolik
iletkenlik değerleri (<20 mm h^-1) oldukça düşük bulunmuştur. Bitki
besin elementi alımı üzerine önemli bir etkisi olan pH değerlerinin tüm
derinliklerde ve arazinin önemli bir kısmında 8.5’in üzerinde; çalışma alanının
orta kısmında bir hatta yer alan toprakların 60-120 cm derinliğinde EC
değerleri (>4 dS m^-1) sorun oluşturabilecek düzeylerde olduğu
tespit edilmiştir. Bu bölgedeki su örneklerinin de EC değerleri 20 dS m^-1’nin
üzerinde olduğu görülmüştür. Kurak ve sıcak dönemlerde tuz içeriği yüksek taban
suyunun kapilarite ile yüzeye taşınması, toprağın üretkenlik fonksiyonuna zarar
verebilir. Toprak özelliklerinin mesafeye bağlı değişimini gösteren haritaların
kullanımı ile çiftlik arazisinde bitkisel üretimin geliştirilmesine ve toprak
kalitesinin iyileştirilmesine katkı sağlayacak kararların doğru bir şekilde
alınması mümkün olabilecektir.

Keywords

Mesafeye bağlı değişkenlik, tuzluluk, hidrolik iletkenlik, amenajman bölgesi, jeoistatistik

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