Yerel Soğan (Allium cepa L.) Genotiplerinin Haploidiye Yatkınlığının Belirlenmesi

Year 2019, , 186 - 192, 30.06.2019

Sinan Şahinalp Faika Yaralı Karakan

https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.523682

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de
yerel olarak yetiştirilen bazı soğan (Allium
cepa L.) genotiplerinin çiçek tomurcuğu kültürü yoluyla haploidiye
yatkınlıklarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada kallus oluşumu,
kallusların bitkiye dönüşümü ve eksplantlardan doğrudan bitki gelişimi üzerine genotip
etkisi önemli bulunmuştur. Çalışmada kalluslardan ve doğrudan bitki gelişimi
yoluyla 39 adet bitki elde edilmiştir. Yapılan ploidi analizleri sonucu Şanlıurfa
ili Siverek ilçesinden temin edilen 13 numaralı genotipten elde edilen bir adet
bitkinin haploid olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Dolayısıyla, diğer genotiplerle karşılaştırıldığında, hem
eksplantlarda kallus oluşumu hem de doğrudan bitki meydana getirme kabiliyetinin
yüksek olduğu tespit edilen 12, 13 ve 5 numaralı genotiplerin, soğan ıslah programlarında
haploid bitki elde etmede daha başarılı sonuçlar verebileceği düşünülmektedir. 

Keywords

Soğan, haploidi, gynogenezis, tomurcuk kültürü

Determination of Haploidy Frequencies of the Locally Grown Onion (Allium cepa L.) Genotypes

Abstract

In this study, it was
aimed to determine the haploidy frequencies of the some locally grown onion
(Allium cepa L.) genotypes in Turkey by flower bud culture. The effect of
genotype on callus formation, callus transformation to plants and direct plant
formation was found to be statistically significant. In the experiment, 39
plants were obtained from calluses and direct plant growth from flower buds.
Ploidy analysis revealed that one of these plants, genotype number 13 obtained
from (Siverek/Şanlıurfa province), was haploid. Compared to others, genotypes
12, 13 and 5 were found to have high ability on both callus formation and
direct plant formation. Therefore, it is thought that these genotypes can give
more successful results in haploid plant production in onion breeding studies.

Keywords

Onion, haploidy, gynogenesis, flower bud culture

References

• Alan, A.R., Mutschler, M.A., Brants, A., Cobb, E., Earle, E.D., 2003. Production of gynogenic plants from hybrids of Allium cepa L. and A. roylei stearn. Plant Science, 165(6): 1201-1211.
• Alan, A.R., Brants, A., Cobb, E., Goldschmied, A., Mutschler, M.A., Earle, E.D., 2004. Fecund gynogenic lines from onion (Allium cepa L.) breeding materials. Plant Science, 167(5): 1055-1066.
• Alan, A.R., Kaska, A., Celebi-Toprak, F., 2014. Production of fully homozygous genotypes from various edible Alliums. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite (Special Issue-Abstracts), 1(1): 77.
• Alan, A.R., Kaska, A., Aslan, E., Celebi-Toprak, F., 2017. Turkish doubled haploid onion (A. cepa L.) lines. The 3rd International Symposium on EuroAsian Biodiversity, 05-08 July, Minsk, BELARUS, pp. 114.
• Anonim, 2018. Bitkisel Üretim İstatistikleri. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/? kn=92&locale=tr), (Erişim tarihi: 24.12.2018).
• Anonymous, 2018. FAO Statistics Division. (http:// faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=567#ancor), (Erişim tarihi: 24.12.2018).
• Bohanec, B., Jakse, M., 1999. Variations in gynogenic response among long-day onion (Allium cepa L.) accessions. Plant Cell Reports, 18(9): 737-742.
• Bohanec, B., Jakse, M., Javornik, B., 2001. Present status of haploid induction in onion: analysis of procedure and its limitations. Acta Horticulturae, 555: 91-98.
• Bohanec, B., 2002. Doubled haploid onions. In: H. Rabinowich and L. Currah (Eds.), Allium Crop Science: Recent Advances, CABI Publishing House, Wallingford, UK, pp. 145-148.
• Campion, B., Perri, E., Azzimonti, M.T., Vicini, E., Schiavi, M., 1995. Spontaneous and induced chromosome doubling in gynogenic lines of onion (Allium cepa L.). Plant Breeding, 114(3): 243-246.
• Chen, J.F., Cui, L., Malik, A.A., Mbira, K.G., 2011. In vitro haploid and dihaploid production via unfertilized ovule culture. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), 104(3): 311-319.
• Dhatt, A., Thakur, S.P., 2014. Production of doubled haploids in onion: A review. Journal of Horticultural Sciences, 9(2): 107-112.
• Dunstan, D.I., Short, K.C., 1997. Improved growth of tissue cultures of onion, Allium cepa. Physiol Plant, 41(1): 70-72.
• Fayos, O., Vallés, M.P., Garcés-Claver, A., Mallor, C., Castillo, A.M., 2015. Doubled haploid production from Spanish onion (Allium cepa L.) germplasm: embryogenesis induction, plant regeneration and chromosome doubling. Frontiers in Plant Science, 6(384): 1-11.
• Forodi, B.R., Hassandokht, M., Kashi, A., Sepahvand, N., 2009. Influence of spermidine on haploid plant production in Iranian onion (Allium cepa L.) populations through in vitro culture. Horticulture Environment and Biotechnology, 50(5): 461-466.
• Forster, B.P., Bors, E.H., Kasha, K.J., Touraev, A., 2007. The Resurgence of haploids in higher plants. Trends in Plant Science, 12(8): 368-375.
• Geoffriau, E., Kahane, R., Rancillac, M., 1997. Variation of gynogenesis ability in onion (Allium cepa L.). Euphytica, 94(1): 37-44.
• Hassandokht, M.R., Kashi, A., Campion, B., Bozorgipour, R., 2000. Study of haploid production in Iranian onions (Allium cepa L.) via in vitro gynogenesis. Seed and Plant, 16(3): 300-312.
• Jakse, M., Bohanec, B., 1994. Effect of media composition on gynogenesis of onion cultivars. In: B. Javornik and B. Bohanec, I. Kreft (Eds.), Proceedings of The International Colloquium on Impact of Plant Biotechnology on Agriculture, Ljubljana, pp. 35-41.
• Jakse, M., Bohanec, B., Ihan, A., 1996. Effect of media components on the gynogenic regeneration of onion (Allium cepa L.) cultivars and analysis of regenerants. Plant Cell Reports, 15(2): 934-938.
• Jakse, M., Havey, M.J., Bohanec, B., 2003. Chromosome doubling procedures of onion (Allium cepa L.) gynogenic embryos. Plant Cell Reports, 21(9): 905-910.
• Judkevieiene, D., Stanys, V., Bobinas, E., 2005. Gynogenesis pecularities of Allium L. vegetables grown in Lithuania. Bologija, 3: 6-9.
• Keller, J., 1990a. Culture of unpollinated ovules, ovaries and flower buds in some species of the genus Allium and haploid induction via gynogenesis in onion (Allium cepa L.). Euphytica, 47(3): 241-247.
• Keller, J., 1990b. Results of anther and ovule culture in some species and hybrids in the genus Allium L. Archiv für Züchtungsforschung, 20(3): 189-197.
• Keller, E.R.J., Korzun, L., 1996. Haploidy in onion (Allium cepa L.) and other Allium species. in vitro haploid production in higher plants. In: S.M. Jain, S.K. Sopory and R.E. Villeuks (Eds.), Kluwer Academic Publisher, Netherlands, pp. 51-75.
• Khar, A., Kumar, A., Islam, S., Kumar, A., Agarwal, A., 2018. Genotypic response towards haploid induction in short day tropical Indian onion (Allium cepa). Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 88(5): 709-713.
• Michalik, B., Adamusa, A., Nowak, E., 2003. Gynogenesis in Polish onion cultivars: gametic embryogenesis. Plant Science, 165(6): 1201-1211.
• Mukhambetzhanov, S.K., 1997. Culture of nonfertilized female gametophytes in vitro. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 48(2): 111-119.
• Muren, R., 1989. Haploid plant induction from unpollinated ovaries in onion. HortScience, 24(5): 833-834.
• Murovec, J., Bohanec, B., 2012. Haploids and doubled haploids in plants breeding. In: I.Y. Abdurakhmonov (Ed.), Plant Breeding, Rijeka, pp. 87-106.
• Palmer, C.E.D., Keller, W.A., 2005. Overview of haploidy. In: C.E. Palmer, W.A. Keller and K.H. Kasha (Eds.), Biotecnology in Agriculture and Forestry, Haploids in Crop Imprevement II, pp. 3-7.
• Paques, M., Boxus P.H., 1987. “Vitrification”: Review of literature. Acta Horticulturae, 212: 155-166.
• Singh, D., Dhillon, T.S., Singh, R., Kumar, R., 2018. Present status and future opportunities in onion research: A review. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 6(1): 656-665.
• Souri, N.A., Hassandokht, M.R., Peyvast, G.H.A., 2007. Effect of different sugars on in vitro haploid plants production of Iranian onion landraces (Allium cepa L.). Iranian Journal of Agricultural Science, 38(3): 459-465.
• Sulistyaningsih, E., Tashiro, Y., Shigyo, M., Isshiki, S., 1997. Morphological and cytological characteristics of haploid shallot (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum group). Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture-Saga University (Japan), 82: 7-15.
• Sulistyaningsih, E., Yamashita, K., Tashiro, Y., 2002. Haploid induction from F1 hybrids between CMS shallot with Allium galanthum cytoplasm and common onion by unpollinated flower culture. Euphytica, 125: 139-144.
• Sulistyaningsih, E., Aoyagi, Y., Tashiro, Y., 2006. Flower bud culture of shallot (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum group) with cytogenetic analysis of resulting gynogenic plants and somaclones. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture, 86: 249-255.
• Yaralı, F., Yanmaz, R., 2013. Allium türlerinin ıslahında haploidi tekniğinden yararlanma. Türk Bilimsel Derlemeler Dergisi, 6(2): 44-50.
• Yaralı, F., 2014. Soğan (Allium cepa L.) ve Tunceli sarımsağı (Allium tuncelianum Kollman, Özhatay, Matthew, Şiraneci)’nda ovaryum ve çiçek tomurcuğu kültürü yoluyla haploid bitki elde etme olanaklarının araştırılması. Doktora tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
• Ziv, M., 1991. Vitrification: morphological and physiogical disorders of in vitro plants. Micropropagation, 45-69.