Mitogenome Characterization of Turkish Anatolian Donkey (Equus asinus) and Its Phylogenetic Relationships

Abstract

The aim of this study was to characterize first mitogenome of Anatolian donkey in Turkey and to contribute to revealing its phylogenetics relationships. Whole mitogenome belonging to one sample of the Anatolian donkey was characterized with Long-Range PCR and Next-Generation Sequencing technique and phylogenetic analyses were performed using Bayesian, Maximum Likelihood and Neighbor-Joining methods. The complete mitogenome is a typical circular DNA molecule of 16.551 base pair in length that contained 13 protein coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA, two ribosomal RNA genes, and one non-coding control region (D-loop). The average nucleotide composition of the mitogenome is in the range of mammalian mitogenomes; 32.32% for adenine, 25.78% for thymine, 28.67% for cytosine and 13.23% for guanine; adenine + thymine content (58.10%) was higher than guanine + cytosine content (41.90%). A total of 14 transfer RNA, 12 protein coding and 2 ribosomal RNA genes were encoded on the heavy strand, and 8 transfer RNA and one protein coding (ND6) gene were encoded on the light strand. The gene structure, organization and compositions were similar to other equids. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that the Turkish Anatolian donkey was closer to the Chinese domestic donkey rather than to the European domestic donkeys, and it may have originated from the African wild donkeys (such as Somali wild donkey). This study provided reference mitogenomic data of Anatolian donkey for further molecular studies of the Turkish donkeys and other equids. 

Keywords

• Equus asinus,Next-Generation Sequencing,mtDNA,phylogeny

Türkiye Anadolu Eşeği (Equus asinus)’nin Mitogenom Karakterizasyonu ve Filogenetik İlişkileri

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye Anadolu eşeği (Equus asinus)’nin ilk mitogenom karakterizasyonunu yapmak ve filogenetik ilişkilerinin ortaya çıkarılmasına katkı sağlamaktır. Anadolu eşeğine ait bir örneğin komple mitokondriyal genomu, Long-Range PCR ve Yeni Nesil Dizileme tekniği ile karakterize edilmiş ve Bayesian, Maksimum Likelihood ve Neighbor-Joining metotlarıyla filogenetik analizler yapılmıştır. Komple mitogenom, 13 protein kodlayan gen, 22 taşıyıcı RNA, 2 ribozomal RNA ve bir kodlama yapmayan kontrol bölgesi (D-loop) içeren, 16.551 baz çifti uzunluğunda tipik dairesel DNA moleküldür. Mitogenomun ortalama nükleotid kompozisyonu, memeli mitogenomları aralığında olup; adenin için % 32.32, timin için % 25.78, sitozin için % 28.67, guanin için % 13.23’tür; adenin+timin içeriği (% 58.10), guanin+sitozin içeriğinden (% 41.90) daha fazladır. Toplam 14 taşıyıcı RNA, 12 protein kodlayan ve 2 ribozomal RNA geni ağır zincir üzerinde kodlanmakta, 8 taşıyıcı RNA ve bir protein kodlayan gen (ND6) ise hafif zincir üzerinde kodlanmaktadır. Gen yapısı, organizasyonu ve kompozisyonu diğer atgillere benzerdir. Filogenetik analizler, Türkiye Anadolu eşeğinin, Çin evcil eşeklerine Avrupa evcil eşeklerinden daha yakın olduğunu ve Afrika yabani eşeklerinden (Somali yabani eşeği gibi) köken almış olabileceğini göstermiştir. Bu çalışma, Türkiye eşekleri ve diğer atgilleri içeren gelecekteki moleküler çalışmalar için Anadolu eşeğinin referans mitogenom verisini sunmuştur.

Keywords

• Equus asinus,Yeni Nesil Dizileme,mtDNA,mtDNA,filogeni

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