Kurşun Uygulamasının Yerfıstığı (Arachis hypogaea L.)’ndaki Morfolojik ve Fizyolojik Etkileri

Year 2020, , 233 - 245, 31.10.2020

Sultan Dere , Muhittin Doğan

https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.659091

Abstract

Bu çalışma, kurşun (Pb) ağır metalinin, yerfıstığı (Arachis hypogaea L.) bitkisindeki bazı morfolojik ve fizyolojik etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. İklim dolabında, kontrollü şartlar altında ve topraksız ortam kültüründe yürütülen çalışmada denemeler, tesadüf parselleri deneme desenine göre kurulmuştur. Buna göre araştırmada yerfıstığı (A. hypogeae L. cv. Sultan)’na 0, 10, 100 ve 1000 mg L-1 Pb derişimleri uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonucuna göre, yerfıstığı fidelerinin kök, gövde ve yapraklarının Pb içeriği, artan Pb derişimine bağlı olarak artmıştır. Fidelerde kurşunun içeriği bitki aksamına göre kök>gövde>yaprak şeklinde olmuştur. Bitki kök, gövde uzunlukları ile kök, gövde ve yaprak yaş ağırlıkları Pb derişimleri artışına paralel olarak azalmıştır. Buna ek olarak, Pb derişimleri kök, gövde ve yapraktaki fenolik bileşikleri de azaltmıştır. Araştırmada ayrıca, yaprakların fotosentetik pigment miktarları Pb toksisitesinde azalmıştır. Uygulanan Pb derişimlerinin yerfıstığı fidelerinde hücre membranlarında oksidatif strese neden olduğu ve kök, gövde ve yapraklarda malondialdehit miktarının arttığı belirlenmiştir. Fidelerin bütün kısımlarında protein miktarlarında genelde azalmalar saptanmıştır. Prolin aminoasidinin miktarları kök ve gövdede, kontrol grubuna göre genelde azalmışken, yapraklarda özellikle 100 ve 1000 mg L-1'lik derişimlerinde artmış olması, bu aminoasidin yapraklarda Pb toksititesine karşı bazı rollerinin olabileceğini göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak kurşunun yüksek dozlarının yerfıstığı fidelerinde toksik etki yaptığı belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

Arachis hypogeae, kurşun, ağır metal, fenolik bileşikler, prolin, toksik etki

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