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Shifting From Europeanization to De-Europeanization in Turkey: How AKP Instrumentalized EU Negotiations

Year 2017, Issue: 48, 51 - 67, 01.05.2017
https://doi.org/10.1501/Intrel_0000000313

Abstract

References

  • Adam, Laura Batalla (2012) “Turkey’s Foreign Policy in the AKP Era: Has There Been A Shift in the Axis?”, Turkish Policy Quarterly, 11 (3), 139-148.
  • Alaranta, Toni (2015), “Turkey under AKP: A Critical Evaluation From the Perspective of Turkey’s EU Negotiations”, FIA Working Paper 84, 1-25.
  • Alpan, Başak (2014) “Europe –as-Hegemony and Discourses in Turkey after 1999: What has Europeanization Got to Do with It?”, Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 16 (1), 68-85.
  • Alpan, Başak (2016) “From AKP’s ‘Conservative Democracy’ to ‘Advanced Democracy’: Shifts and Challenges in the Debate on ‘Europe’”, South European Society and Politics, 21 (1), 15-28.
  • Aydın-Düzgit Senem and Kaliber Alper (2016), “Encounters with Europe in an Era of Domestic and International Turmoil: Is Turkey a De- Europeanising Candidate Country?”, South European Society and Politics, 21 (1), 1-14.
  • Aydın-Düzgit Senem (2016), “De-Europeanisation through Discourse: A Critical Discourse Analysis of AKP’s Election Speeches”, South European Society and Politics, 21 (1), 45-58.
  • Cebeci, Münevver (2016), “De-Europeanisation or Counter-Conduct? Turkey’s Democratisation and the EU”, South European Society and Politics, 21 (1), 119-132.
  • Çınar, Menderes (2011), “The Electoral Success of the AKP: Cause for Hope and Despair”, Insight Turkey, 13 (4), 107-127.
  • Günay Defne & Renda Kaan (2014) Usages of Europe in Turkish Foreign Policy towards the Middle East, Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 16 (1), 47-67.
  • Jakub Wódka (2015): Institutional Aspects of the (De-)Europeanization of Turkish Political Parties. The Case of the Justice and Development Party (AKP) and the Republican People’s Party (CHP), Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 19 (2), 153-170.
  • Kaliber, Alper (2012), “Contextual and Contested: Reassessing Europeanization in the case of Turkey”, International Relations, 27 (1), 52-73.
  • Müftüler-Baç Meltem and Gürsoy Yaprak, (2010), “Is There a Europeanization of Turkish Foreign Policy? An Addendum to the Literature on EU Candidates”, Turkish Studies, 11 (3), 405-427.
  • Noutcheva, Gergana, and Senem Aydın-Duzgit. 2012. “Lost in Europeanisation: The Western Balkans and Turkey Lost in Europeanisation: The Western Balkans and Turkey.” West European Politics, 35 (1), 59–78.
  • Oğuzlu Tarık (2012), “Turkey and the European Union: Europeanization Without Membership”, Turkish Studies, 13 (2), 229-243.
  • Öniş, Ziya (2009) “Conservative globalism at the crossroads: the Justice and Development Party and the thorny path to democratic consolidation in Turkey”, Mediterranean Politics, 14 (1), 21–40.
  • Öniş, Ziya (2010), “Contesting for Turkey’s Political Centre: domestic politics, identity conflicts, and the controversy over EU membership”, Journal of Contemporary European Studies, 18 (3), 361-376.
  • Saatçioğlu Beken (2014), “AKP's ‘Europeanization’ in Civilianization, Rule of Law and Fundamental Freedoms: The Primacy of Domestic Politics”, Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 16 (1), 86-101.
  • Tezcan Ercüment ve Aras İlhan (2015), “Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi’nde Euroseptizm: Avrupa Birliği Desteğinin Eleştiriye Dönüşümü”, Uluslararası Hukuk ve Politika, 11 (41), 1-35.
  • Yılmaz Gözde (2016), “From Europeanization to De-Europeanization: The Europeanization Process of Turkey in 1999–2014”, Journal of Contemporary European Studies, 24 (1), 86-100.
  • Yılmaz, Hakan (2011), “Eurosceptism in Turkey: Parties, Elites and Public Opinion”, South European Society and Politics, 16 (1), 185-208. Yetkin, Murat (2004), “Asla Boyun Eğmeyiz”, http://www.radikal.com.tr/haber.php?haberno=137396 (12.06.2016)
  • “Erdoğan: AB’nin Türkiye için ilerleme raporu hazırlamaktan başka işi yok mu?”, EurActiv, 22 Ekim 2013, http://www.euractiv.com.tr/ab-ve- turkiye/article/erdogan-abnin-turkiye-icin- ilerleme-raporu-hazirlamaktan- baska-isi-yok-mu-028572 (12.06.2016)
  • “Erdoğan: Böyle bir Avrupa Parlamentosu’nu tanımıyorum” EurActiv, http://www.euractiv.com. parlamentosunu- tanimiyorum-027955. (12.06.2016)
  • http://haber.gazetevatan.com/turkiye- ab-uyesi-olamayacak/570825/1/. (12.06.2016)
  • tr/yorum_ak-partinin-abdeki-yanlis- “AB’nin Geleceği Şüpheli” 05 Mart 2011
  • http://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/haber/diger/227418/Cicek__AB_nin_gel ecegi_supheli_.html (13.06.2016)
  • “Avrupa’ya Rest Çekti: Bu Fransız Arkadaş Türkiye’ye de Fransız Kalmış” , 13 Nisan 2011, http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/avrupaya-rest-cekti-bu-fransiz- arkadas-turkiyeye-de-fransiz-kalmis-17536665, (13.06.2016)
  • Lagendijk, Joost “Is the EU Still Important for AKP?”, 15.06.2010 http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/default.aspx?pageid=438&n=is-the- eu-still-important-for-the-akp-2010-06-15
  • Merkel: Türkiye’nin AB Üyeliği Gündemde Değil 16 Mart 2016 http://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler/2016/03/160316_merkel_turkiye, (18.06.2016)

Shifting From Europeanization to De-Europeanization in Turkey: How AKP Instrumentalized EU Negotiations

Year 2017, Issue: 48, 51 - 67, 01.05.2017
https://doi.org/10.1501/Intrel_0000000313

Abstract

It has been widely studied by many Turkish and foreign scholars the European Union EU , Europeanization and EU-Turkey relations and its effects since recently. Nevertheless, unpredictable transformation of Europeanization is relatively a new concept which has begun widely studied upon. After 2011, de-Europeanization process showed itself with slow Europeanization which by AKP defended as the reason of weakened EU conditionality. This article argues de-Europeanization is influenced by both EU and domestic factors, combining both the demotivation of the Turkish government and Turkish public about EU and the weakened EU conditionality which make Turkey’s membership a continuous process. In this context this article first aims to define Europeanization and deEuropeanization processes under the influence of domestic factors i.e. AKP government policies and EU conditionality. Afterwards, this article gives details about the transformation process from Europeanization to de-Europeanization in Turkey by deeply analyzing domestic factors and the effect of EU conditionality. Article concludes that AKP government used extending membership process as a policy tool in order to stay on power putting forward EU’s vetoes and blocked accession process

References

  • Adam, Laura Batalla (2012) “Turkey’s Foreign Policy in the AKP Era: Has There Been A Shift in the Axis?”, Turkish Policy Quarterly, 11 (3), 139-148.
  • Alaranta, Toni (2015), “Turkey under AKP: A Critical Evaluation From the Perspective of Turkey’s EU Negotiations”, FIA Working Paper 84, 1-25.
  • Alpan, Başak (2014) “Europe –as-Hegemony and Discourses in Turkey after 1999: What has Europeanization Got to Do with It?”, Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 16 (1), 68-85.
  • Alpan, Başak (2016) “From AKP’s ‘Conservative Democracy’ to ‘Advanced Democracy’: Shifts and Challenges in the Debate on ‘Europe’”, South European Society and Politics, 21 (1), 15-28.
  • Aydın-Düzgit Senem and Kaliber Alper (2016), “Encounters with Europe in an Era of Domestic and International Turmoil: Is Turkey a De- Europeanising Candidate Country?”, South European Society and Politics, 21 (1), 1-14.
  • Aydın-Düzgit Senem (2016), “De-Europeanisation through Discourse: A Critical Discourse Analysis of AKP’s Election Speeches”, South European Society and Politics, 21 (1), 45-58.
  • Cebeci, Münevver (2016), “De-Europeanisation or Counter-Conduct? Turkey’s Democratisation and the EU”, South European Society and Politics, 21 (1), 119-132.
  • Çınar, Menderes (2011), “The Electoral Success of the AKP: Cause for Hope and Despair”, Insight Turkey, 13 (4), 107-127.
  • Günay Defne & Renda Kaan (2014) Usages of Europe in Turkish Foreign Policy towards the Middle East, Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 16 (1), 47-67.
  • Jakub Wódka (2015): Institutional Aspects of the (De-)Europeanization of Turkish Political Parties. The Case of the Justice and Development Party (AKP) and the Republican People’s Party (CHP), Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 19 (2), 153-170.
  • Kaliber, Alper (2012), “Contextual and Contested: Reassessing Europeanization in the case of Turkey”, International Relations, 27 (1), 52-73.
  • Müftüler-Baç Meltem and Gürsoy Yaprak, (2010), “Is There a Europeanization of Turkish Foreign Policy? An Addendum to the Literature on EU Candidates”, Turkish Studies, 11 (3), 405-427.
  • Noutcheva, Gergana, and Senem Aydın-Duzgit. 2012. “Lost in Europeanisation: The Western Balkans and Turkey Lost in Europeanisation: The Western Balkans and Turkey.” West European Politics, 35 (1), 59–78.
  • Oğuzlu Tarık (2012), “Turkey and the European Union: Europeanization Without Membership”, Turkish Studies, 13 (2), 229-243.
  • Öniş, Ziya (2009) “Conservative globalism at the crossroads: the Justice and Development Party and the thorny path to democratic consolidation in Turkey”, Mediterranean Politics, 14 (1), 21–40.
  • Öniş, Ziya (2010), “Contesting for Turkey’s Political Centre: domestic politics, identity conflicts, and the controversy over EU membership”, Journal of Contemporary European Studies, 18 (3), 361-376.
  • Saatçioğlu Beken (2014), “AKP's ‘Europeanization’ in Civilianization, Rule of Law and Fundamental Freedoms: The Primacy of Domestic Politics”, Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 16 (1), 86-101.
  • Tezcan Ercüment ve Aras İlhan (2015), “Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi’nde Euroseptizm: Avrupa Birliği Desteğinin Eleştiriye Dönüşümü”, Uluslararası Hukuk ve Politika, 11 (41), 1-35.
  • Yılmaz Gözde (2016), “From Europeanization to De-Europeanization: The Europeanization Process of Turkey in 1999–2014”, Journal of Contemporary European Studies, 24 (1), 86-100.
  • Yılmaz, Hakan (2011), “Eurosceptism in Turkey: Parties, Elites and Public Opinion”, South European Society and Politics, 16 (1), 185-208. Yetkin, Murat (2004), “Asla Boyun Eğmeyiz”, http://www.radikal.com.tr/haber.php?haberno=137396 (12.06.2016)
  • “Erdoğan: AB’nin Türkiye için ilerleme raporu hazırlamaktan başka işi yok mu?”, EurActiv, 22 Ekim 2013, http://www.euractiv.com.tr/ab-ve- turkiye/article/erdogan-abnin-turkiye-icin- ilerleme-raporu-hazirlamaktan- baska-isi-yok-mu-028572 (12.06.2016)
  • “Erdoğan: Böyle bir Avrupa Parlamentosu’nu tanımıyorum” EurActiv, http://www.euractiv.com. parlamentosunu- tanimiyorum-027955. (12.06.2016)
  • http://haber.gazetevatan.com/turkiye- ab-uyesi-olamayacak/570825/1/. (12.06.2016)
  • tr/yorum_ak-partinin-abdeki-yanlis- “AB’nin Geleceği Şüpheli” 05 Mart 2011
  • http://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/haber/diger/227418/Cicek__AB_nin_gel ecegi_supheli_.html (13.06.2016)
  • “Avrupa’ya Rest Çekti: Bu Fransız Arkadaş Türkiye’ye de Fransız Kalmış” , 13 Nisan 2011, http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/avrupaya-rest-cekti-bu-fransiz- arkadas-turkiyeye-de-fransiz-kalmis-17536665, (13.06.2016)
  • Lagendijk, Joost “Is the EU Still Important for AKP?”, 15.06.2010 http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/default.aspx?pageid=438&n=is-the- eu-still-important-for-the-akp-2010-06-15
  • Merkel: Türkiye’nin AB Üyeliği Gündemde Değil 16 Mart 2016 http://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler/2016/03/160316_merkel_turkiye, (18.06.2016)
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Political Science
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Buket Ökten Sipahioğlu This is me

Publication Date May 1, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Issue: 48

Cite

APA Ökten Sipahioğlu, B. (2017). Shifting From Europeanization to De-Europeanization in Turkey: How AKP Instrumentalized EU Negotiations. The Turkish Yearbook of International Relations(48), 51-67. https://doi.org/10.1501/Intrel_0000000313