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Post-Medium Çağında Marcel Broodthaers’in Eserlerinde Düşünce Olarak Sanat

Year 2024, Volume: 9 Issue: 16, 65 - 81, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.55004/tykhe.1362075

Abstract

Modernizmin özerklik paradigmasına şüpheyle yaklaşan birçok sanatçı, sözel ve görsel sanatlar (resim, heykel, şiir vb.) arasındaki geleneksel ayrımları tartışmaya açmıştır. Özellikle kavramsal sanatçıların eserlerinde nesneler sözcüklere, sözcükler nesnelere dönüşür. Dil, bir bakıma eserin estetikleşme sürecinin mekânı olup çıkar. Tipografik unsurlara plastik bir özerklik ve nesne benzeri bir mevcudiyet kazandırıldığı görülür. Sanatçının varlık nedeninin, sanatın özünü/kökenini tanımlamak olduğunu savunan kavramsal sanatçılar gibi Marcel Broodthaers de özerklik ya da ortama özgüllük diye adlandırılabilecek modernist şemanın karşısında konumlanır. Bu bağlamda, Broodthaers’in seri işleri, “düşünce olarak sanat” eseri diye tanımlanabilecek bir kategoriye yerleşir. Sanatı sanata dair teorik düşünümün kipi olarak üretmeyi vaat eden bu tür bir anlayış söz konusu olduğunda sanat eserinin üretim sürecini tekil mecralar üzerinden okumak da güçleşir. Üstelik böyle bir durumda çağdaş sanatçı, bir ressam, bir fotoğrafçı, bir heykeltıraş olmaktan ziyade, yalnızca sanatçı gibi görünür. Başka bir deyişle sanatçı, eleştirmen, küratör ve yönetmen hepsi aynı yaratıcı kaynakta birleşir. Buna karşın, bu yaratıcı kaynağın, gösterge/meta üretim mantığı karşısındaki tavrının, diğer bir deyişle sanat piyasası içindeki tutumunun ikircikli olduğu söylenebilir. Bu sorunu aşmak için çağdaş sanatçının, sanatın metalaşması tehlikesine karşı yeni stratejiler geliştirmesi gerekmiştir. Bu bağlamda çağdaş sanatın ortam sonrası (İng. post-medium) koşullarını ilan eden Broodthaers’in eseri, tekil sanatlarının sonunu ima etmekle kalmaz, estetik ve değişim değerini üst üste bindiren mantığı da ifşa eder. Bu makalede, mevcut sanatçı şablonunun dışına çıkarak yerleşik estetik biçimleri dönüştüren Broodthaers’in düşüncesi ve hayali bir müze kurgusu içinde meta ile sanat arasındaki ilişkileri yeniden kurgulayan eserleri ele alınmıştır. Böylece, teorik düşünce ile sanat, nesne ile dil, üretim ilişkileri ile toplumsal ilişkiler arasındaki bağı sorgulayan bir sanatçıdan yola çıkarak geleceğin ileri sanatına katkı sunmak amaçlanmaktadır.

References

  • Barthes, R. (1991). Mythologies. (Çev. A. Lavers). The Noonday Press.
  • Broodthaers, M. (1964). Pense-bête [Heykel]. Artsy. https://www.artsy.net/artwork/marcel-broodthaers-pense-bete-memory-aid
  • Broodthaers, M. (1968a). Chez votre fournisseur [Le vinaigre des aigles] [Resim]. MoMA. https://www.moma.org/collection/works/146904
  • Broodthaers, M. (1968b). Le drapeau noir, tirage illimité [Resim]. MoMA. https://www.moma.org/collection/works/146970
  • Broodthaers, M. (1969a). L’Alphabet [Resim]. Wiels. https://www.wiels.org/en/exhibitions/lettres-ouvertes-po%C3%A8mes-publics
  • Broodthaers, M. (1969b). L’Oie, l’aile [Resim]. MoMA. https://www.moma.org/collection/works/146975
  • Broodthaers, M. (1970). Livre tableau ou pipes et formes académiques [Resim]. Bonhams. https://www.bonhams.com/auctions/23866/lot/8/
  • Broodthaers, M. (1972a). Musée d’art moderne - Département des aigles, section des figures [Sergi]. Städtische Kunsthalle Düsseldorf. https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/musée-d-art-moderne-département-des-aigles-section-des-figures-städtische-kunsthalle-düsseldorf-marcel-broodthaers/uQHh-qhIIpRWMA
  • Broodthaers, M. (1972b). Musée d’art moderne - Département des aigles, section des figures [Yerleştirme]. Google Arts & Culture. https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/musée-d-art-moderne-département-des-aigles-section-des-figures-städtische-kunsthalle-düsseldorf-marcel-broodthaers/WwFEul5dtu5fUg?hl=fr
  • Broodthaers, M. (1974). Fine arts (Dergi kapağı). Broodthaers.us. http://www.broodthaers.us/index.php?id=2,48,352
  • Broodthaers, M. (1987). To be “bien pensant”... or not to be. To be blind (Çev. P. Schmidt). October, 42(4), 35.
  • Broodthaers, M., Lebeer, I. ve Schmidt, P. (1987). Ten thousand francs reward. October, 42(4), 39-48.
  • Buchloh, B. H. D. (1987). Open letters, industrial poems. October, 42 (4), 67-100.
  • Buchloh, B., Borja-Villel, M., Krauss, R., Cherix C., Haidu, & R. Stark, T. (2016). The moment of Marcel Broodthaers? A conversation. October, 155(1), 111-150.
  • Cuddon, J. A. (1999). Dictionary of literary terms & literary theory. Penguin.
  • Foucault, M. (1983). This is not a pipe. (J. Harkness Çev.). University of California Press.
  • Judd, D. (1999). Specific objects. C. Harrison, P. Wood (Ed.), Art in theory içinde (809-813). Blackwell.
  • Krauss, R. (2000). A voyage on the north sea: Art in the age of the post-medium condition. Thames & Hudson.
  • Kosuth, J. (1999) Art after philosophy. C. Harrison, P. Wood (Ed.), Art in theory içinde (840-850). Blackwell.
  • Lessing, G. E., (1887). Laocoon. An essay upon the limits of painting and poetry. (Çev. E. Frothingham). Roberts Brothers.
  • Lütticken, S. (2009). The feathers of the eagle // 2005. D. Evans (Ed.), Appropriation içinde (219-225). Whitechapel Gallery - The MIT Press.
  • Oppitz, M. (1987). Eagle/pipe/urinal. October, 42(4), 155-156.
  • Rancière, J. (2020). Kelimelerin mekânı: Mallarmé’den Broodthaers’e. Lemis Yayın.
  • Schwarz, D. (1987). “Look! Books in plaster!”: On the first phase of the work of Marcel Broodthaers. October, 42(4), 57-66.

Art as Idea in the Works of Marcel Broodthaers in the Post-Medium Age

Year 2024, Volume: 9 Issue: 16, 65 - 81, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.55004/tykhe.1362075

Abstract

Many artists, skeptical of modernist dialectic (i.e. the autonomy paradigm), have questioned the traditional distinctions between verbal and visual arts (painting, sculpture, poetry, etc.). Especially in the works of conceptual artists, objects become words, words become objects. Language, in a way, becomes the space of the aestheticization process of art object. Thus, typographic elements acquire a plastic autonomy and object-like presence. Like the Conceptual artists who argue that the ontological labor of the artist is to define the essence/origin of Art, Marcel Broodthaers positions himself against the modernist scheme that can be called autonomy or “medium-specificity”. In this context, his serial works fall into a category that can be defined as “art as idea”. When such a dialectic promises to produce art as a theoretical reflection on art, it becomes difficult to read the production process of the art object through singular mediums. Moreover, the contemporary artist introduces himself simply as an artist, rather than a painter, a photographer, or a sculptor. In other words, the artist, critic, curator, and director all fuse into the same creative source. However, it can be said that the attitude of this creative source towards the logic of sign/commodity production, that is to say, its attitude within the art market, is ambivalent. To deal with that dilemma, contemporary artists had to develop new strategies against the risk of commodification of art. In this context, Broodthaers' œuvre, which declares the post-medium conditions of contemporary art, not only implies the end of singular arts, but also reveals the logic that overlaps aesthetic and exchange value. In this article, the theoretical view of Broodthaers, who went beyond the existing artist template and transformed established aesthetic forms, and his works, which reconstructed the relations between commodity and art within an imaginary museum setting, were discussed. Thus, it is aimed to contribute to the progressive art of the future, starting from an artist who probes the nexus between theoretical thought and art, object and language, production relations and social relations.

References

  • Barthes, R. (1991). Mythologies. (Çev. A. Lavers). The Noonday Press.
  • Broodthaers, M. (1964). Pense-bête [Heykel]. Artsy. https://www.artsy.net/artwork/marcel-broodthaers-pense-bete-memory-aid
  • Broodthaers, M. (1968a). Chez votre fournisseur [Le vinaigre des aigles] [Resim]. MoMA. https://www.moma.org/collection/works/146904
  • Broodthaers, M. (1968b). Le drapeau noir, tirage illimité [Resim]. MoMA. https://www.moma.org/collection/works/146970
  • Broodthaers, M. (1969a). L’Alphabet [Resim]. Wiels. https://www.wiels.org/en/exhibitions/lettres-ouvertes-po%C3%A8mes-publics
  • Broodthaers, M. (1969b). L’Oie, l’aile [Resim]. MoMA. https://www.moma.org/collection/works/146975
  • Broodthaers, M. (1970). Livre tableau ou pipes et formes académiques [Resim]. Bonhams. https://www.bonhams.com/auctions/23866/lot/8/
  • Broodthaers, M. (1972a). Musée d’art moderne - Département des aigles, section des figures [Sergi]. Städtische Kunsthalle Düsseldorf. https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/musée-d-art-moderne-département-des-aigles-section-des-figures-städtische-kunsthalle-düsseldorf-marcel-broodthaers/uQHh-qhIIpRWMA
  • Broodthaers, M. (1972b). Musée d’art moderne - Département des aigles, section des figures [Yerleştirme]. Google Arts & Culture. https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/musée-d-art-moderne-département-des-aigles-section-des-figures-städtische-kunsthalle-düsseldorf-marcel-broodthaers/WwFEul5dtu5fUg?hl=fr
  • Broodthaers, M. (1974). Fine arts (Dergi kapağı). Broodthaers.us. http://www.broodthaers.us/index.php?id=2,48,352
  • Broodthaers, M. (1987). To be “bien pensant”... or not to be. To be blind (Çev. P. Schmidt). October, 42(4), 35.
  • Broodthaers, M., Lebeer, I. ve Schmidt, P. (1987). Ten thousand francs reward. October, 42(4), 39-48.
  • Buchloh, B. H. D. (1987). Open letters, industrial poems. October, 42 (4), 67-100.
  • Buchloh, B., Borja-Villel, M., Krauss, R., Cherix C., Haidu, & R. Stark, T. (2016). The moment of Marcel Broodthaers? A conversation. October, 155(1), 111-150.
  • Cuddon, J. A. (1999). Dictionary of literary terms & literary theory. Penguin.
  • Foucault, M. (1983). This is not a pipe. (J. Harkness Çev.). University of California Press.
  • Judd, D. (1999). Specific objects. C. Harrison, P. Wood (Ed.), Art in theory içinde (809-813). Blackwell.
  • Krauss, R. (2000). A voyage on the north sea: Art in the age of the post-medium condition. Thames & Hudson.
  • Kosuth, J. (1999) Art after philosophy. C. Harrison, P. Wood (Ed.), Art in theory içinde (840-850). Blackwell.
  • Lessing, G. E., (1887). Laocoon. An essay upon the limits of painting and poetry. (Çev. E. Frothingham). Roberts Brothers.
  • Lütticken, S. (2009). The feathers of the eagle // 2005. D. Evans (Ed.), Appropriation içinde (219-225). Whitechapel Gallery - The MIT Press.
  • Oppitz, M. (1987). Eagle/pipe/urinal. October, 42(4), 155-156.
  • Rancière, J. (2020). Kelimelerin mekânı: Mallarmé’den Broodthaers’e. Lemis Yayın.
  • Schwarz, D. (1987). “Look! Books in plaster!”: On the first phase of the work of Marcel Broodthaers. October, 42(4), 57-66.
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Arts and Cultural Policy, Fine Arts, Interdisciplinary Art, Installation, Visual Cultures, Art History, Art Theory
Journal Section Araştırma Makaleleri
Authors

Hakan Şarkdemir 0000-0002-4113-2822

Publication Date June 30, 2024
Submission Date September 18, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 9 Issue: 16

Cite

APA Şarkdemir, H. (2024). Post-Medium Çağında Marcel Broodthaers’in Eserlerinde Düşünce Olarak Sanat. Tykhe Sanat Ve Tasarım Dergisi, 9(16), 65-81. https://doi.org/10.55004/tykhe.1362075