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LINGUISTIC, CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF THE WORKS OF KURDISH DENGBÊJS AND WESTERN MINISTRELS

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 515 - 528, 30.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.37999/udekad.1628949

Abstract

This study aims to comparatively analyze the works produced by the Kurdish dengbêjs and the Western minstrels from a linguistic, cultural, and historical perspective. The works produced by the dengbêjs mainly deal with disasters, wars, heroes, and loves, separations, stories, and epics that profoundly affect society, while the works of the minstrels present wars, heroism, loves with entertainment elements. The dengbêjs usually perform their works with a bare voice, whereas the minstrels use musical instruments in their performances. The performers of both traditions have contributed to the preservation of the linguistic elements of the language they use and their transfer today, reflecting the cultural values, and life norms of societies by reinforcing the identity and sense of belonging of the people. Both the dengbêjs and the minstrels have been the spokespersons of their societies during the important social and political periods of change in terms of history by recording the events with their poems and songs and keeping the collective memory alive. In this context, the study adopted the document analysis method within the scope of the survey design and applied an interdisciplinary approach that brings together the fields of linguistics, history, and music. The study draws attention to the contribution of oral narration traditions to cultural continuity and prepares the ground for suggestions for the protection of this heritage.

References

  • Akcan, S. (2014). Anlatıcı olarak Dengbêj ve Dengbêj anlatılarındaki kahramanın makûs talihi [Unpublished master's thesis]. Kadir Has University.
  • Akpınar, H. & Aydın, E. (2019). Artuklular’dan günümüze Mardin’de mûsikî kültürü ve mûsikîşinaslar. Turkish Academic Research Review, 4(1), 23-34. https://doi.org/10.30622/tarr.489720.
  • Anastasi, L. (2023). The minstrel: The musician of the Middle Ages. UB Heidelberg Cod.Pal.
  • Aslan, R. (2014). Cultural narratives and identity in Kurdish history. Middle Eastern Studies, 50 (4), 512-530.
  • Barlık, M. M. & Ağçakaya, N. (2015). Âşık ve Dengbêj icralarında dinleyici rolü: Karşılaştırmalı bir analiz. Kurdiyat, 8, 69-84. https://doi.org/10.55118/kurdiyat.1377751.
  • Benjamin, W. (2012). Son bakışta aşk. (N. Gürbilek, Trans.). Metis Yayınları.
  • Bloch, M. & Koziol, G. (2014). Feudal society. Routledge.
  • Bloomquist, J. (2015). The minstrel legacy: African American English and the historical construction of Black identities in entertainment. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12111-015-9313-1.
  • Blum, S., & Hasanpour, A. (1996). “The morning of freedom rose up”: Kurdish popular song and the exigencies of cultural survival. Middle East Report, 15(3), 325–343. https://www.jstor.org/stable/931333.
  • Bocheńska, J. (2022). From Dengbêj to modern writer: Heritagization of the Kurdish oral tradition and revitalization of the Kurdish language in the works of Mehmed Uzun and Mehmet Dicle. Iranian Studies, 55 (4), 899-927. https://doi.org/10.1017/irn.2022.1.
  • Bozkuş, Y. D. (2011). Kürt toplumunda kadın Dengbêjler. Nobel Yayınları.
  • Butterfield, A. (2002). Poetry and music in medieval France: From Jean Renart to Guillaume de Machaut. Cambridge University Press.
  • Conklin, R. (1964). Medieval English Minstrels, 1216-1485 (Publication No: T10787) [Doctoral dissertation, The University of Chicago]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.
  • Crook, D. (2020). Robin Hood: Legend and reality. Boydell & Brewer.
  • Çakırtaş, Ş. (2022, June 18). Çarşiya Şewitî and the legend resisting time. Independent Türkçe. https://www.indyturk.com/node/523101 (Retrieved April 22, 2025)
  • Demiral, S., Babayiğit, M. V., & Koçak, Z. (2023). Orta çağ Avrupa’sının gezgin ozanları troubadourlar ve Kürt halk ozanları dengbêjlerin kültür, sanat ve dil ekseninde karşılaştırmalı incelenmesi. Journal of Current Debates in Social Sciences (CUDES), 6 (1), 112-131. http://dx.doi.org/10.29228/cudes.68681.
  • Diyarbakır Belediyesi. (2025, January 22). Diyarbakır Dengbêj Evi. Retrieved from https://diyarbakir.org.tr/mekan/diyarbakir- dengbêj -evi/.
  • Erdal, C. (2019). Trauma and memory in Kurdish oral literature. Routledge.
  • Guney24. (2025, April 9). Yüzlerce yıllık gelenek dengbejlik. https://www.guney24.com/haber/yuzlerce-yillik-gelenek-dengbejlik/ Retrieved April 9, 2025.
  • Greenblatt, S. (1988). Shakespearean negotiations: The circulation of social energy in Renaissance England. California Press.
  • Huizinga, J. (1924). The waning of the Middle Ages: A study of the forms of life, thought and art in France and the Netherlands in the XIVth and XVth centuries. E. Arnold.
  • Kardaş, C. (2013). Dengbêjlik geleneği ve Âşık edebiyatı ile karşılaştırılması [Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis]. Fırat University.
  • Keskin, N. (2015). Müzik, anlatı, kimlik: Tur-Abdin’de bir anlatım biçimi olarak mıtrıplık. Folklor/Edebiyat, 21(84), 215–228.
  • Le Goff, J. (1980). Time, work, and culture in the Middle Ages. University of Chicago Press.
  • Makâs, M. (2014). Kürt mitolojisi ve sözlü gelenekler. Avesta Yayınları.
  • McGee, T.J. (1995). The Fall of the Noble Minstrel: The Sixteenth-Century Minstrel in a Musical Context. Rosemont Publishing & Printing Corp DBA Associated University Presses, 7, pp.98-120.
  • Medieval minstrels: History & significance. (n.d.). Retrieved January 6, 2025, from https://schoolworkhelper.net/medieval-minstrels-history-significance/
  • Mutlu, E., Nezan, K., İzady, M. & Tatsumara, A. (1996). Kürt müziği. (N. Hasgül & M. Öztürk, Trans.). Avesta Yayınları.
  • Nikitin, V. P., & Massignon, L. (1956). Les Kurdes: Etude sociologique et historique. Adrien-Maisonneuve.
  • Page, C. (1993). Voices and instruments of the Middle Ages: Instrumental practice and songs in France 1100-1300. University of California Press.
  • Percy, T. (1857). Reliques of ancient English poetry: Consisting of old heroic ballads, songs, and other pieces of our earlier poets. Henry Washburne and Co.
  • Price, M. A. (1964). The status and function of minstrels in England between 1350 and 1400. [Unpublished Dissertation]. University of Birmingham.
  • Rastall, R. & Taylor, A. (2023). Minstrels and minstrelsy in late medieval England. Boydell & Brewer.
  • Riley-Smith, J. (2011). The crusades, Christianity, and Islam. Columbia University Press.
  • Scalbert, C. Y. (2009). The invention of a tradition: Diyarbakır’s Dengbéj project. European Journal of Turkish Studies, (10), 2-21. https://doi.org/10.4000/ejts.4055.
  • Schäfers, M. (2015). Being sick of politics: The production of dengbêjî as Kurdish cultural heritage in contemporary Turkey. European Journal of Turkish Studies, (20), 132-150. https://doi.org/10.4000/ejts.5200.
  • Shuffelton, G. (2008). Is there a minstrel in the house?: Domestic entertainment in late medieval England. Philological Quarterly, 87 (1/2), 51.
  • Shutterstock. (2025, April 9). Burghausen, Germany 07/09 Burgfest fortress people. https://www.shutterstock.com/tr/image-photo/burghausen-germany-0709-burgfest-fortress-people-2178304697 Retrieved April 9, 2025
  • Smith, J. (2017). Medieval performance and cultural transmission. Oxford University Press.
  • Suthern, O. C. (1971). Minstrelsy and popular culture. Journal of Popular Culture, 4 (3), 658.
  • Taş, F. (2023). Dengbêjlik geleneği ve dönüşümler. Çizgi Kitabevi Yayınları.
  • Taylor, C. (1997). Sources of the self: The making of the modern identity. Harvard University Press.
  • Taylor, R. (2018). Minstrels and memory: Oral traditions in medieval Europe. Cambridge University Press.
  • The minstrel: Musician of the Middle Ages. (n.d.). Retrieved January 6, 2025, from https://historymedieval.com/the-minstrel-musician-of-the-middle-ages/.
  • Wegman, R. C. (2002). The Minstrel School in the Late Middle Ages. Historic Brass Society Journal, 14, 11-30.
  • Winiarski, M. V. R. (2017). The Troubadours. Retrieved April 8, 2025, from https://www.trob-eu.net/en/about-troubadours.html

KÜRT DENGBÊJLER VE BATILI MİNSTRELLERİN ESERLERİNİN DİLSEL, KÜLTÜREL VE TARİHSEL AÇIDAN İNCELENMESİ

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 515 - 528, 30.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.37999/udekad.1628949

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Kürtlerin dengbêjlik geleneği ile Batılıların minstrellik geleneğinin ürettiği eserleri, dilsel, kültürel ve tarihsel açıdan karşılaştırmalı analizi etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Dengbêjerin ortaya çıkardığı eserler, ağırlıklı olarak toplumu derinden etkileyen afetleri, savaşları, kahramanları ve aşkları, ayrılıkları, hikâye ve destanları işlerken, minstrellerin eserleri savaşları, kahramanlıkları, aşkları, eğlence unsurları ile sunmaktadır. Dengbêjler, genellikle eserlerini çıplak sesle, nadiren bir müzik aleti eşliğinde icra ederken; minstreller, bütün performanslarında müzik aleti kullanmışlardır. Her iki geleneğin icracıları, kullandıkları dilin dilsel özelliklerinin korunmasına ve günümüze taşınmasına katkıda bulunarak toplumların kültürel değerlerini, yaşam normlarını yansıtıp insanların kimlik ve aidiyet duygularını pekiştirmişlerdir. Hem dengbêj hem de minsterller, toplumlarının önemli sosyal ve siyasi değişim dönemlerinde toplumun sözcüsü olmuş, olayları şiir ve şarkıları ile kayıt altına almış ve kolektif hafızayı canlı tutmuşlardır. Bu bağlamda, çalışmada tarama deseni kapsamında belge analizi yöntemi benimsenmiş; dil bilimi, tarih ve müzik alanlarını bir araya getiren disiplinlerarası bir yaklaşım uygulanmıştır. Çalışma, sözlü anlatım geleneklerinin kültürel sürekliliğe katkısına dikkat çekerek, bu mirasın korunması yönünde önerilere de zemin hazırlamaktadır.

References

  • Akcan, S. (2014). Anlatıcı olarak Dengbêj ve Dengbêj anlatılarındaki kahramanın makûs talihi [Unpublished master's thesis]. Kadir Has University.
  • Akpınar, H. & Aydın, E. (2019). Artuklular’dan günümüze Mardin’de mûsikî kültürü ve mûsikîşinaslar. Turkish Academic Research Review, 4(1), 23-34. https://doi.org/10.30622/tarr.489720.
  • Anastasi, L. (2023). The minstrel: The musician of the Middle Ages. UB Heidelberg Cod.Pal.
  • Aslan, R. (2014). Cultural narratives and identity in Kurdish history. Middle Eastern Studies, 50 (4), 512-530.
  • Barlık, M. M. & Ağçakaya, N. (2015). Âşık ve Dengbêj icralarında dinleyici rolü: Karşılaştırmalı bir analiz. Kurdiyat, 8, 69-84. https://doi.org/10.55118/kurdiyat.1377751.
  • Benjamin, W. (2012). Son bakışta aşk. (N. Gürbilek, Trans.). Metis Yayınları.
  • Bloch, M. & Koziol, G. (2014). Feudal society. Routledge.
  • Bloomquist, J. (2015). The minstrel legacy: African American English and the historical construction of Black identities in entertainment. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12111-015-9313-1.
  • Blum, S., & Hasanpour, A. (1996). “The morning of freedom rose up”: Kurdish popular song and the exigencies of cultural survival. Middle East Report, 15(3), 325–343. https://www.jstor.org/stable/931333.
  • Bocheńska, J. (2022). From Dengbêj to modern writer: Heritagization of the Kurdish oral tradition and revitalization of the Kurdish language in the works of Mehmed Uzun and Mehmet Dicle. Iranian Studies, 55 (4), 899-927. https://doi.org/10.1017/irn.2022.1.
  • Bozkuş, Y. D. (2011). Kürt toplumunda kadın Dengbêjler. Nobel Yayınları.
  • Butterfield, A. (2002). Poetry and music in medieval France: From Jean Renart to Guillaume de Machaut. Cambridge University Press.
  • Conklin, R. (1964). Medieval English Minstrels, 1216-1485 (Publication No: T10787) [Doctoral dissertation, The University of Chicago]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.
  • Crook, D. (2020). Robin Hood: Legend and reality. Boydell & Brewer.
  • Çakırtaş, Ş. (2022, June 18). Çarşiya Şewitî and the legend resisting time. Independent Türkçe. https://www.indyturk.com/node/523101 (Retrieved April 22, 2025)
  • Demiral, S., Babayiğit, M. V., & Koçak, Z. (2023). Orta çağ Avrupa’sının gezgin ozanları troubadourlar ve Kürt halk ozanları dengbêjlerin kültür, sanat ve dil ekseninde karşılaştırmalı incelenmesi. Journal of Current Debates in Social Sciences (CUDES), 6 (1), 112-131. http://dx.doi.org/10.29228/cudes.68681.
  • Diyarbakır Belediyesi. (2025, January 22). Diyarbakır Dengbêj Evi. Retrieved from https://diyarbakir.org.tr/mekan/diyarbakir- dengbêj -evi/.
  • Erdal, C. (2019). Trauma and memory in Kurdish oral literature. Routledge.
  • Guney24. (2025, April 9). Yüzlerce yıllık gelenek dengbejlik. https://www.guney24.com/haber/yuzlerce-yillik-gelenek-dengbejlik/ Retrieved April 9, 2025.
  • Greenblatt, S. (1988). Shakespearean negotiations: The circulation of social energy in Renaissance England. California Press.
  • Huizinga, J. (1924). The waning of the Middle Ages: A study of the forms of life, thought and art in France and the Netherlands in the XIVth and XVth centuries. E. Arnold.
  • Kardaş, C. (2013). Dengbêjlik geleneği ve Âşık edebiyatı ile karşılaştırılması [Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis]. Fırat University.
  • Keskin, N. (2015). Müzik, anlatı, kimlik: Tur-Abdin’de bir anlatım biçimi olarak mıtrıplık. Folklor/Edebiyat, 21(84), 215–228.
  • Le Goff, J. (1980). Time, work, and culture in the Middle Ages. University of Chicago Press.
  • Makâs, M. (2014). Kürt mitolojisi ve sözlü gelenekler. Avesta Yayınları.
  • McGee, T.J. (1995). The Fall of the Noble Minstrel: The Sixteenth-Century Minstrel in a Musical Context. Rosemont Publishing & Printing Corp DBA Associated University Presses, 7, pp.98-120.
  • Medieval minstrels: History & significance. (n.d.). Retrieved January 6, 2025, from https://schoolworkhelper.net/medieval-minstrels-history-significance/
  • Mutlu, E., Nezan, K., İzady, M. & Tatsumara, A. (1996). Kürt müziği. (N. Hasgül & M. Öztürk, Trans.). Avesta Yayınları.
  • Nikitin, V. P., & Massignon, L. (1956). Les Kurdes: Etude sociologique et historique. Adrien-Maisonneuve.
  • Page, C. (1993). Voices and instruments of the Middle Ages: Instrumental practice and songs in France 1100-1300. University of California Press.
  • Percy, T. (1857). Reliques of ancient English poetry: Consisting of old heroic ballads, songs, and other pieces of our earlier poets. Henry Washburne and Co.
  • Price, M. A. (1964). The status and function of minstrels in England between 1350 and 1400. [Unpublished Dissertation]. University of Birmingham.
  • Rastall, R. & Taylor, A. (2023). Minstrels and minstrelsy in late medieval England. Boydell & Brewer.
  • Riley-Smith, J. (2011). The crusades, Christianity, and Islam. Columbia University Press.
  • Scalbert, C. Y. (2009). The invention of a tradition: Diyarbakır’s Dengbéj project. European Journal of Turkish Studies, (10), 2-21. https://doi.org/10.4000/ejts.4055.
  • Schäfers, M. (2015). Being sick of politics: The production of dengbêjî as Kurdish cultural heritage in contemporary Turkey. European Journal of Turkish Studies, (20), 132-150. https://doi.org/10.4000/ejts.5200.
  • Shuffelton, G. (2008). Is there a minstrel in the house?: Domestic entertainment in late medieval England. Philological Quarterly, 87 (1/2), 51.
  • Shutterstock. (2025, April 9). Burghausen, Germany 07/09 Burgfest fortress people. https://www.shutterstock.com/tr/image-photo/burghausen-germany-0709-burgfest-fortress-people-2178304697 Retrieved April 9, 2025
  • Smith, J. (2017). Medieval performance and cultural transmission. Oxford University Press.
  • Suthern, O. C. (1971). Minstrelsy and popular culture. Journal of Popular Culture, 4 (3), 658.
  • Taş, F. (2023). Dengbêjlik geleneği ve dönüşümler. Çizgi Kitabevi Yayınları.
  • Taylor, C. (1997). Sources of the self: The making of the modern identity. Harvard University Press.
  • Taylor, R. (2018). Minstrels and memory: Oral traditions in medieval Europe. Cambridge University Press.
  • The minstrel: Musician of the Middle Ages. (n.d.). Retrieved January 6, 2025, from https://historymedieval.com/the-minstrel-musician-of-the-middle-ages/.
  • Wegman, R. C. (2002). The Minstrel School in the Late Middle Ages. Historic Brass Society Journal, 14, 11-30.
  • Winiarski, M. V. R. (2017). The Troubadours. Retrieved April 8, 2025, from https://www.trob-eu.net/en/about-troubadours.html
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Linguistics (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Mehmet Veysi Babayiğit 0000-0003-4136-7434

İhsan Pilatin 0000-0002-5744-1849

Early Pub Date June 28, 2025
Publication Date June 30, 2025
Submission Date January 29, 2025
Acceptance Date May 4, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Babayiğit, M. V., & Pilatin, İ. (2025). LINGUISTIC, CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF THE WORKS OF KURDISH DENGBÊJS AND WESTERN MINISTRELS. Uluslararası Dil Edebiyat Ve Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(2), 515-528. https://doi.org/10.37999/udekad.1628949

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