Meta-Analysis of Studies Investigating the Effectiveness of the Visual Scene Display Intervention

Abstract

Visual scene display (VSD) is a technology-based application created by adding written or audio stimuli to visuals (such as photographic images, drawings, scanned images) of a scene or context and can be used effectively in teaching different skills to individuals with different diagnoses. In this study, descriptive and meta-analysis of studies examining the effectiveness of VSD on individuals with special needs were aimed. Studies were primarily evaluated qualitatively using the quality indicators recommended by Kratochwill and colleagues. Then, visual analysis was performed for nine studies that used single-subject research designs and that met standards or met standards with reservation as well as a comprehensive descriptive analysis of these studies. The effect size was calculated for seven studies that were determined to have large and moderate effect as a result of visual analysis. Improvement rate difference (IRD) was used to calculate the effect sizes of the studies. As a result of these calculations, it was determined that all of the seven studies were large effective. It was concluded that VSD is an evidence-based application in teaching different skills to individuals in different diagnosis groups and age ranges. Implications for teaching and suggestions for further studies are made.

Keywords

• Individual with special needs
• Visual scene display
• Augmentative and alternative communication
• Single-subject research
• Meta-analysis

Görsel Sahne Sunumu Uygulamasının Etkililiğini Araştıran Çalışmaların Meta Analizi

Abstract

Görsel sahne sunumu (GSS) bir sahneye veya bağlama ait görsellere (fotoğrafik görüntü, çizimler, taranmış görseller gibi) yazılı ya da sesli uyaranların eklenmesiyle oluşturulan ve farklı tanıları olan bireylere farklı becerilerin öğretiminde etkili bir şekilde kullanılabilen teknoloji tabanlı bir uygulamadır. Bu çalışmada GSS uygulamasının özel gereksinimli bireyler üzerindeki etkililiğinin incelendiği çalışmaların betimsel ve meta analizi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmalar öncelikle Kratochwill ve meslektaşları tarafından önerilen göstergeler kullanılarak niteliksel olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Daha sonra ise tek denekli araştırma desenlerinin kullanıldığı ve model standartlarını karşılayan ya da koşullu karşılayan dokuz çalışma için görsel analiz yapılmış aynı zamanda bu çalışmaların kapsamlı betimsel analizi de gerçekleştirilmiştir. Görsel analiz sonucunda güçlü ve orta düzey etkiye sahip olduğu belirlenen yedi çalışma için etki büyüklüğü hesaplanmıştır. Çalışmaların etki büyüklüklerinin hesaplanmasında ilerleme oranı farkı (İLOF) kullanılmıştır. Bu hesaplamalar sonucunda çalışmaların yedi çalışmanın tamamının çok etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmalarda etkisi araştırılan GSS uygulamasının farklı tanı gruplarında ve yaş aralığında bulunan bireylere farklı becerilerin öğretiminde bilimsel dayanaklı bir uygulama olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. İleri çalışmalar ve uygulamalara yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Keywords

• Özel gereksinimli bireyler
• Görsel sahne sunumu
• Alternatif ve destekleyici iletişim
• Tek denekli araştırmalar
• Meta analiz

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