Research Article

Club Convergence Analysis: The Relationship Between Socio-Economic Development Levels in Türkiye

Volume: 10 Number: 1 April 10, 2026
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Club Convergence Analysis: The Relationship Between Socio-Economic Development Levels in Türkiye

Abstract

This study aims to analyze whether there is club convergence in Türkiye at the provincial level in terms of per capita income between 2004 and 2023. In this context, club convergence is tested using the method developed by Phillps and Sul (2007, 2009), and it is found that there is no convergence in per capita income among provinces in Türkiye during this period, while club convergence is present, consisting of 8 clubs and 5 diverging provinces. Additionally, the study correlated club memberships in provinces with the SEGE 2025 index, making it possible to determine whether club membership aligns with the socio-economic development level of the provinces. The results indicate that although some provinces have high growth potential, their socioeconomic indicators do not reflect it. In some provinces, socioeconomic indicators represent a threshold for transitioning to a higher-income club. When the results of the study are evaluated as a whole, it is evident that policies to ensure regional development should be developed with a holistic understanding and considering the structural characteristics of the provinces.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Development Economics - Macro

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

April 10, 2026

Submission Date

December 10, 2025

Acceptance Date

March 31, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 10 Number: 1

APA
Arıcıoğlu, E. (2026). Club Convergence Analysis: The Relationship Between Socio-Economic Development Levels in Türkiye. Uluslararası Ekonomi İşletme Ve Politika Dergisi, 10(1), 93-106. https://doi.org/10.29216/ueip.1839668

International Journal of Economics, Business and Politics

Recep Tayyip Erdogan University
Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences

Department of Economics

RIZE / TÜRKİYE