Araştırma Makalesi

Club Convergence Analysis: The Relationship Between Socio-Economic Development Levels in Türkiye

Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1 10 Nisan 2026
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Club Convergence Analysis: The Relationship Between Socio-Economic Development Levels in Türkiye

Abstract

This study aims to analyze whether there is club convergence in Türkiye at the provincial level in terms of per capita income between 2004 and 2023. In this context, club convergence is tested using the method developed by Phillps and Sul (2007, 2009), and it is found that there is no convergence in per capita income among provinces in Türkiye during this period, while club convergence is present, consisting of 8 clubs and 5 diverging provinces. Additionally, the study correlated club memberships in provinces with the SEGE 2025 index, making it possible to determine whether club membership aligns with the socio-economic development level of the provinces. The results indicate that although some provinces have high growth potential, their socioeconomic indicators do not reflect it. In some provinces, socioeconomic indicators represent a threshold for transitioning to a higher-income club. When the results of the study are evaluated as a whole, it is evident that policies to ensure regional development should be developed with a holistic understanding and considering the structural characteristics of the provinces.

Keywords

Kaynakça

  1. Aksoy, T., Taştan, H., & Kama, Ö. (2019). Revisiting income convergence in Turkey: Are there convergence clubs? Growth and Change, 50(3), 1185–1217.
  2. Aldan, A., & Gaygisiz, E. (2006). Convergence across provinces of Turkey: A spatial analysis (Working Paper No. 0609). Research and Monetary Policy Department, Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey.
  3. Barro, R. J. (1991). Economic growth in a cross section of countries. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106(2), 407–443.
  4. Barro, R. J. (1996). The determinants of economic growth: A cross-country empirical study (NBER Working Paper No. 5698).
  5. Barro, R. J., & Sala-i-Martin, X. (1992). Convergence. Journal of Political Economy, 100(2), 223–251.
  6. Bernard, A. B., & Durlauf, S. N. (1996). Interpreting tests of the convergence hypothesis. Journal of Econometrics, 71(1–2), 161–173.
  7. Bolkol, H. K. (2023). Regional income convergence in Turkey: An empirical analysis from an endogenous growth perspective. Panoeconomicus, 70(1), 127–153.
  8. Coşkun, N., & Demir, E. E. (2022). Club convergence: Do public investments play a role in regional income per capita convergence in Turkey? Ege Academic Review, 22(3), 323–336.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Kalkınma Ekonomisi - Makro

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

10 Nisan 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

10 Aralık 2025

Kabul Tarihi

31 Mart 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA
Arıcıoğlu, E. (2026). Club Convergence Analysis: The Relationship Between Socio-Economic Development Levels in Türkiye. Uluslararası Ekonomi İşletme ve Politika Dergisi, 10(1), 93-106. https://doi.org/10.29216/ueip.1839668

Uluslararası Ekonomi, İşletme ve Politika Dergisi

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi
İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi
İktisat Bölümü
RİZE / TÜRKİYE