SÜRDÜRÜLEMEYEN “SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR KALKINMA”

Year 2019, Volume: 8 Issue: 15, 77 - 101, 01.01.2019

Ahmet Şahinöz

Abstract

İngiltere’de James WATT’ın buharlı makineyi icat ettiği 18.yy sonlarından itibaren adeta kutsanan sanayileşme ve hızlı büyümenin dünyanın doğal dengesini onarılmaz bir biçimde bozduğu ve gezegenimizi felakete sürükleyecek bir küresel ısınmaya neden olduğu, ancak 1,5 asır sonra, 1960’lı yılların sonralında anlaşılacaktır. II. Dünya Savaşı sonrasında gerçekleştirilen hızlı ekonomik büyüme otuz görkemli , “çevre” kaygısından uzak yalnızca ekonomik ve sosyal sorunlara odaklanmıştır. Roma Kulübü’nün alarm düğmesine basması ile başlayan ve giderek yaygınlaşan çevre duyarlılığına, ilerleyen yıllarda çevreci eylem, siyaset, idari-kurumsal gelişmeler ve akademik çalışmalar eşlik etmiştir. Gerçekten de 1970’lerin başında dünyamız, henüz dinamik bir kuramsal donanımdan ve yaygın bir çevreci hareketten yoksun olmuş olsa da, doğa ile ekonomik faaliyetleri uzlaştıracak “sürdürülebilir kalkınma” anlayışına dayalı, özgün bir “çevre ekonomisi”nin filizlenmesine tanık olmuştur. Sürdürülebilir kalkınma kavramının dünya ölçeğinde tanınıp yankı bulması, bir başka söylemle sürdürülebilir kalkınmanın, S. Brunel’in deyimi ile “küresel bir bilinç” haline gelmesi 1990’lı yıllara denk gelmektedir. Uygulamaya gelince, son 30 yıllık deneyim sürdürülebilir kalkınmanın iki temel nedenden dolayı “sürdürülemediğini” ortaya koymaktadır. Bunların ilki sürdürülebilir kalkınmanın tanımında ortaya çıkan kuramsal ayrışmalar, ikincisi ise, gelişmekte olan ülkelerin, sürdürülebilir kalkınmanın gerektirdiği mali ve teknik olanaklar konusunda karşılaştıkları güçlükler

Keywords

Sürdürülebilir kalkınma, Ortak geleceğimiz, Çevre ekonomisi, Ekolojik ekonomi, Hafif sürdürülebilirlik, Güçlü sürdürülebilirlik, Entropi Yasası, Ekolojik borç

UNSUSTAINABLE “SUSTAINABLE GROWTH”

Abstract

It was eventually realized in the late sixties that – after one and a half century later – theindustrialization, which was blessed after the invention of steam engine by James WATT at the end of the 18thcentury, and rapid economic growth have both irrevocably devastated the natural balance of the World and have caused global warming that could be resulted in a disastrous end. Rapid economic growth glorious thirty which was achieved after the Second World War focused only economic and social problems by ignoring concerns on environment. Environmental activism, politics, administrative-corporate developments and academic works have accompanied environmental awareness which was the outcome of the efforts of Club of Rome. Even though our world was experienced the lack of a dynamic corporate structure and a common environmental movement, it has witnessed the born of a unique environmental economics which has the ability to reconcile the environment and economics based on the method of sustainable development in the beginnings of 1970s. Recognition and influence of the notion of sustainable development – in S. Brunel’s words the notion’s becoming a “global awareness” – coincides with 1990s. When the issue is exercised sustainable development could not sustained because of two fundamental reasons according to experience of last 30 years. These are the theoretical deviations that have revealed in the definition of the sustainable development and the obstacles on fiscal and technical issues that were generated by sustainable development itself

Keywords

Sustainable growth, common future, environmental economics, ecological economics, lite sustainability, strong sustainability, law of entropy, ecological debt

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