Araştırma Makalesi
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Temellükçü Bir Anlatıcının Tahayyülündeki Şarkiyatçı Anadolu Temsilleri

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 15, 80 - 95, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.35235/uicd.1515097

Öz

Bu çalışma, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun son on yılında, Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nın hemen öncesindeki kargaşa döneminde – imparatorluğun 1918’deki beklenen yıkılışının ve 1923’te Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin kuruluşunun öncesinde – 1911’de Küçük Asya’yı yürüyerek gezen İngiliz istihbarat subayı William John Childs’ın oryantalist bakış açısından Anadolu’nun nasıl temsil edildiğini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Aynı zamanda, Küçük Asya’nın Batılı gezgini nasıl hem iğrendirdiğini hem de büyülediğini irdelemeye çalışmaktadır. Bunun yanı sıra, bu çalışma, sömürgeci İngiliz seyyahın emperyalist bir bakış açısından Küçük Asya halklarını nasıl betimlediğine dair de ışık tutmayı hedeflemektedir. Britanyalıları, Anadolu’da karşılaştığını düşündüğü kadim Yunan ruhunun gerçek mirasçıları olarak gören Childs, antik Helen medeniyetinin mirasını yine Britanya adına temellük etmiştir çünkü Küçük Asya halklarının bu medeniyetin ihtişamlı şöhretine ulaşamayacağını düşünmüştür. Küçük Asya halklarının, Osmanlı İmparatorluğunun yüzyılladır birlikte yaşayan tebaası olarak benzer özellikleri ve birçok ortak yanı olduğunu göz ardı eden emperyalist subay, Anadolu’nun etnik toplulukları arasındaki farklılıkların altını çizmeye çalışmıştır çünkü bu halklar arasındaki talihsiz bir düşmanlık hissiyatını beslemek ve böylece ortak bir kader anlayışını dağıtmak istemiştir. Britanya İmparatorluğu’nun kolonyalist ve emperyalist ajandasıyla uyumlu bir şekilde, Childs Anadolu halklarını vahşi, ilkel, medenileşmemiş ve dar görüşlü bağnazlar olarak yanıltıcı bir şekilde sunmuş ve böylece, Ruslardan ya da Almanlardan ziyade, İngilizlerin buradaki kontrolü ele geçirmesini haklı kılmaya çalışmıştır. Childs’ın Anadolu’nun doğasına dair betimlemeleri bile, zapt edilemez olarak sunduğu bir ülkenin gizemine nüfuz etme arzusu olan kolonyal arzuyu nasıl kendi bünyesinde barındırdığını göstermektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Aydin, K. (1999). Images of Turkey in western literature. Eothen Press.
  • Benjamin, W. (1968). Illuminations: Essays and reflections. Schocken Books.
  • Bowen, H. (1945). British contribution to Turkish studies. Longman Green & Co.
  • Carr, H. (2002). Modernism and travel (1880-1940). In P. Hulme & T. Youngs (Eds.), The Cambridge companion to travel writing (pp. 70-86). Cambridge University Press.
  • Childs, W. J. (1917). Across Asia Minor on foot. W. Blackwood.
  • Edmond, R. (2002). The Pacific / Tahiti: Queen of the South Sea isles. In P. Hulme & T. Youngs (Eds.), The Cambridge companion to travel writing (pp. 139-155). Cambridge University Press.
  • Eliot, C. (1908). Turkey in Europe. Edward Arnold.
  • Fellows, C. (1839). A journal written during an excursion in Asia Minor. John Murray.
  • Hamm, G. (2012). British intelligence and Turkish Arabia: Strategy, diplomacy, and empire, 1898-1918 [Doctoral dissertation, University of Toronto]. https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/32729/3/Hamm_Geoffrey_201206_PhD_Thesis.pdf
  • Hamilton, W. J. (1838). Notes of a journey in Asia Minor in 1837. The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 8, 137–157. https://doi.org/10.2307/1797790.
  • Hooper, G. (2002). The Isles / Ireland: The wilder shore. In P. Hulme & T. Youngs (Eds.), The Cambridge companion to travel writing (pp. 174-190). Cambridge University Press.
  • Hulme, P. (2002). Travelling to write (1940-2000). In P. Hulme & T. Youngs (Eds.), The Cambridge companion to travel writing (pp. 87-101). Cambridge University Press.
  • Hulme, P. & Youngs, T. (2002). Introduction. In P. Hulme & T. Youngs (Eds.), The Cambridge companion to travel writing (pp. 1-13). Cambridge University Press.
  • Islam, S. M. (1996). The ethics of travel from Marco Polo to Kafka. Manchester University Press.
  • İşçi, V. (2021). Representations of the Turks in twentieth century British travel writing on Asia Minor. Tarih Dergisi, (73), 249-276. Doi: 10.26650/iutd.751171
  • Kuş, A. & Alan, G. (2022). William John Childs’ın gezi notları ve Amerikan Board kayıtlarında Anadolu Koleji yerleşkesi. Idealkent, 13 (38), 2953-2974. Doi: 10.31198/idealkent.1101802
  • Lewis, B. (1968). Some English travellers in the East. Middle Eastern Studies, 4 (3), 296-315. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4282253
  • Maclean, G. (2007). Looking east: English writing and the Ottoman Empire before 1800. Palgrave Macmillan. Montagu, L. M. W. (1994). The Turkish embassy letters. Virago. (Original work published 1763).
  • Oueijan, N. (2011). Lord Byron’s oriental world. Gorgias Press.
  • Pratt, M. L. (1992). Imperial eyes: Travel writing and transculturation. Routledge.
  • Raleigh, W. (1997). The discoverie of the large, rich and bewtiful Empire of Guiana. Manchester University Press.
  • Said, E. W. (1979). Orientalism. Vintage.
  • Sherman, W. H. (2002). Stirrings and searchings (1500-1720). In P. Hulme & T. Youngs (Eds.), The Cambridge companion to travel writing (pp. 17-36). Cambridge University Press.
  • Smith, A. H. (1887). Notes on a tour in Asia Minor. The Journal of Hellenic Studies, 8, 216-267. doi: 10.2307/623459.
  • Sontag, S. (1973). On photography. Farrar, Straus & Giroux.
  • Stevenson, R. L. (1899). The Silverado squatters. Charles Scribner’s Sons.
  • Teltscher, K. (2002). India / Calcutta: City of palaces and dreadful night. In P. Hulme & T. Youngs (Eds.), The Cambridge companion to travel writing (pp. 191-206). Cambridge University Press.
  • Twain, M. (2006). The innocents abroad. Project Gutenberg, August 16, 2006, https://www.gutenberg.org/files/3176/3176-h/3176-h.htm (Original work published 1869)
  • Whitehead, N. L. (2002). South America / Amazonia: The forest of marvels. In P. Hulme & T. Youngs (Eds.), The Cambridge companion to travel writing (pp. 122-138). Cambridge University Press.
  • Youngs, T. (2002). Africa / The Congo: The politics of darkness. In P. Hulme & T. Youngs (Eds.), The Cambridge companion to travel writing (pp. 156-173). Cambridge University Press.

Orientalist Representations of Anatolia Imagined by an Appropriative Narrator

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 15, 80 - 95, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.35235/uicd.1515097

Öz

This paper aims to explore how Anatolia was represented by the orientalist perspective of the British intelligence officer William John Childs, who traversed across Asia Minor on foot in 1911 in the last decade of the Ottoman Empire during the turmoil that preceded the First World War, prior to the impending collapse of the empire in 1918 and the foundation of the Turkish Republic in 1923. It also attempts to investigate how Asia Minor not only repelled, but also enchanted the Western traveller. Furthermore, this study intends to shed light on how the British colonialist traveller portrayed the peoples of Asia Minor from an imperialist vantage point. Regarding the British as the genuine inheritors of the ancient Greek spirit that he believed he had come across in Anatolia, Childs appropriated the legacy of the ancient Hellenic civilisation in the name of Britain, considering that the peoples of Asia Minor could not live up to its fame. Disregarding the fact that the peoples of Asia Minor had a lot in common and shared certain similar characteristics as the subjects of the Ottoman Empire who had been living together for hundreds of years, the imperialist officer sought to underline the differences between the ethnic communities of Anatolia, bent on spoiling a sense of having common destiny and fostering an unfortunate sense of hostility among its peoples. In accordance with the colonialist and imperialist agenda of the British Empire, Childs misrepresented the peoples of Anatolia as savage, primitive, uncivilised and parochial bigots so that it would be just to allow the British Empire, as opposed to the Germans and the Russians, to take over. Childs’s descriptions of the Anatolian landscape demonstrate how he embodies the colonial desire to penetrate the mysteries of the land that he rendered impregnable.

Kaynakça

  • Aydin, K. (1999). Images of Turkey in western literature. Eothen Press.
  • Benjamin, W. (1968). Illuminations: Essays and reflections. Schocken Books.
  • Bowen, H. (1945). British contribution to Turkish studies. Longman Green & Co.
  • Carr, H. (2002). Modernism and travel (1880-1940). In P. Hulme & T. Youngs (Eds.), The Cambridge companion to travel writing (pp. 70-86). Cambridge University Press.
  • Childs, W. J. (1917). Across Asia Minor on foot. W. Blackwood.
  • Edmond, R. (2002). The Pacific / Tahiti: Queen of the South Sea isles. In P. Hulme & T. Youngs (Eds.), The Cambridge companion to travel writing (pp. 139-155). Cambridge University Press.
  • Eliot, C. (1908). Turkey in Europe. Edward Arnold.
  • Fellows, C. (1839). A journal written during an excursion in Asia Minor. John Murray.
  • Hamm, G. (2012). British intelligence and Turkish Arabia: Strategy, diplomacy, and empire, 1898-1918 [Doctoral dissertation, University of Toronto]. https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/32729/3/Hamm_Geoffrey_201206_PhD_Thesis.pdf
  • Hamilton, W. J. (1838). Notes of a journey in Asia Minor in 1837. The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 8, 137–157. https://doi.org/10.2307/1797790.
  • Hooper, G. (2002). The Isles / Ireland: The wilder shore. In P. Hulme & T. Youngs (Eds.), The Cambridge companion to travel writing (pp. 174-190). Cambridge University Press.
  • Hulme, P. (2002). Travelling to write (1940-2000). In P. Hulme & T. Youngs (Eds.), The Cambridge companion to travel writing (pp. 87-101). Cambridge University Press.
  • Hulme, P. & Youngs, T. (2002). Introduction. In P. Hulme & T. Youngs (Eds.), The Cambridge companion to travel writing (pp. 1-13). Cambridge University Press.
  • Islam, S. M. (1996). The ethics of travel from Marco Polo to Kafka. Manchester University Press.
  • İşçi, V. (2021). Representations of the Turks in twentieth century British travel writing on Asia Minor. Tarih Dergisi, (73), 249-276. Doi: 10.26650/iutd.751171
  • Kuş, A. & Alan, G. (2022). William John Childs’ın gezi notları ve Amerikan Board kayıtlarında Anadolu Koleji yerleşkesi. Idealkent, 13 (38), 2953-2974. Doi: 10.31198/idealkent.1101802
  • Lewis, B. (1968). Some English travellers in the East. Middle Eastern Studies, 4 (3), 296-315. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4282253
  • Maclean, G. (2007). Looking east: English writing and the Ottoman Empire before 1800. Palgrave Macmillan. Montagu, L. M. W. (1994). The Turkish embassy letters. Virago. (Original work published 1763).
  • Oueijan, N. (2011). Lord Byron’s oriental world. Gorgias Press.
  • Pratt, M. L. (1992). Imperial eyes: Travel writing and transculturation. Routledge.
  • Raleigh, W. (1997). The discoverie of the large, rich and bewtiful Empire of Guiana. Manchester University Press.
  • Said, E. W. (1979). Orientalism. Vintage.
  • Sherman, W. H. (2002). Stirrings and searchings (1500-1720). In P. Hulme & T. Youngs (Eds.), The Cambridge companion to travel writing (pp. 17-36). Cambridge University Press.
  • Smith, A. H. (1887). Notes on a tour in Asia Minor. The Journal of Hellenic Studies, 8, 216-267. doi: 10.2307/623459.
  • Sontag, S. (1973). On photography. Farrar, Straus & Giroux.
  • Stevenson, R. L. (1899). The Silverado squatters. Charles Scribner’s Sons.
  • Teltscher, K. (2002). India / Calcutta: City of palaces and dreadful night. In P. Hulme & T. Youngs (Eds.), The Cambridge companion to travel writing (pp. 191-206). Cambridge University Press.
  • Twain, M. (2006). The innocents abroad. Project Gutenberg, August 16, 2006, https://www.gutenberg.org/files/3176/3176-h/3176-h.htm (Original work published 1869)
  • Whitehead, N. L. (2002). South America / Amazonia: The forest of marvels. In P. Hulme & T. Youngs (Eds.), The Cambridge companion to travel writing (pp. 122-138). Cambridge University Press.
  • Youngs, T. (2002). Africa / The Congo: The politics of darkness. In P. Hulme & T. Youngs (Eds.), The Cambridge companion to travel writing (pp. 156-173). Cambridge University Press.
Toplam 30 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular İngiliz ve İrlanda Dili, Edebiyatı ve Kültürü
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Gökhan Albayrak 0000-0003-2703-4326

Gönderilme Tarihi 13 Temmuz 2024
Kabul Tarihi 26 Eylül 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 15

Kaynak Göster

APA Albayrak, G. (2025). Orientalist Representations of Anatolia Imagined by an Appropriative Narrator. Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi, 8(15), 80-95. https://doi.org/10.35235/uicd.1515097
AMA 1.Albayrak G. Orientalist Representations of Anatolia Imagined by an Appropriative Narrator. Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi. 2025;8(15):80-95. doi:10.35235/uicd.1515097
Chicago Albayrak, Gökhan. 2025. “Orientalist Representations of Anatolia Imagined by an Appropriative Narrator”. Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi 8 (15): 80-95. https://doi.org/10.35235/uicd.1515097.
EndNote Albayrak G (01 Aralık 2025) Orientalist Representations of Anatolia Imagined by an Appropriative Narrator. Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi 8 15 80–95.
IEEE [1]G. Albayrak, “Orientalist Representations of Anatolia Imagined by an Appropriative Narrator”, Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi, c. 8, sy 15, ss. 80–95, Ara. 2025, doi: 10.35235/uicd.1515097.
ISNAD Albayrak, Gökhan. “Orientalist Representations of Anatolia Imagined by an Appropriative Narrator”. Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi 8/15 (01 Aralık 2025): 80-95. https://doi.org/10.35235/uicd.1515097.
JAMA 1.Albayrak G. Orientalist Representations of Anatolia Imagined by an Appropriative Narrator. Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi. 2025;8:80–95.
MLA Albayrak, Gökhan. “Orientalist Representations of Anatolia Imagined by an Appropriative Narrator”. Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi, c. 8, sy 15, Aralık 2025, ss. 80-95, doi:10.35235/uicd.1515097.
Vancouver 1.Albayrak G. Orientalist Representations of Anatolia Imagined by an Appropriative Narrator. Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi [Internet]. 01 Aralık 2025;8(15):80-95. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA93PR68SG

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