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A Historical Review of the Author Figure from Birth to Death and Disappearance to Resurrection

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 11, 82 - 98, 28.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.35235/uicd.1249371

Abstract

With his absence- presence, the figure of the author has continued to occupy a significant space in literary discourse. Undoubtedly, Roland Barthes’ “The Death of the Author” is one of the most renowned debates. Barthes’ emphasis on the text itself, rather than the author who created it, has significantly transformed the methods by which texts are analysed and the author has been relegated to the periphery of the text with the widespread adoption of literary theories which have been critical of the author. Nevertheless, the author has persisted in the literary world as a writer, a scriptor, a character, a “function” as described by Foucault, or a “figure on the carpet” as Barthes puts it. Postmodernism and post-postmodernism have brought the author back to the forefront. In the context of postmodernism and its aftermath, it can be argued that there has been a shift in the perception of the author, as post-postmodern sincerity has replaced postmodern irony, and the reconstructivist method has supplanted deconstruction. This study examines the relationship between authorship and authority by delving into the definition of the author throughout history within the context of the birth, death and resurrection of the author.

References

  • Barthes, R. (1972 [1964]). Authors and writers. Critical essays (Fransızcadan Çev. Richard Howard) Evanston:Northwestern University Press.
  • ---, (1974). S/Z (Fransızcadan çev. Richard Miller)New York: Blackwell.
  • ---, (1975). The Pleasure of the text. (Fransızcadan Çev. Richard Miller). New York: Hill and Wang.
  • ---, (1977 [1968]), “The death of the author”, Image, music, text, Fransızcadan çev. Stephen Heath, s.142-149. Londra: Fontana Press.
  • ---, (1989[1971]). Sade, Fourier, Loyala. (Fransızcadan çev. Richard Miller). Berkeley &Los Angeles: University of California Press.
  • Benedetti, C. (2005). The empty cage:inquiry into the mysterious disappearance of the author. (İtalyancadan çev. William J. Hartley). Londra: Cornell University Press.
  • Bennett, A. (2005). Author: the new critical idiom. New York: Routledge.
  • Bradbury, M. (1993).The modern British novel. Londra:Penguin.
  • Burke, S. (1995). Authorship from Plato to the postmodern: A Reader. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • ---, (2008). The death and return of the author: criticism and subjectivity in Barthes, Foucault and Derrida. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Chatman, S. (1990). In defense of the implied author. Coming to terms: the rhetoric of narrative in fiction and film. Ithaca& London: Cornell University Press
  • Culler, J.D. (2004). Omniscience. Narrative. 12 (1). 22-34.
  • Dawson, P. (2009). The return of omniscience in contemporary fiction. Narrative. 17 (2). 143-161.
  • De Man, P. (1986). Resistance to theory. ABD: University of Minnesota Press.
  • ----. (1971). The Blindness and Insight. ABD: The University of Minnesota Press.
  • Foucault, M. (1998 [1969]). What is an author?. Faubon, J.D. (Ed.). Essential works of Foucault: aesthetics, method, and epistemology (Fransızcadan çev. Josue V. Harari) (s. 205-223). New York: The New Press
  • Franssen, P. & Haenselaars T. (Eds.). (1999). The Author as character: representing historical writers in western literature. Madison & New Jersey: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press.
  • Frye, N. (1963). Literary criticism. Thorpe, J. (Ed.). The aims and methods of scholarship in modern languages and literatures. (s.57-69). New York: Modern Language Association.
  • Genette, G. (1988). Narrative discourse revisited. (Çev. Jane E. Lewin). Ithaca & New York: Cornell University Press.
  • McHale, B. (2004 [1987]). Postmodernist fiction. E-book: Routledge.
  • Molony, R. (1999). John Fowles: the magus. Vipond, D. L. (Ed.). Conversations with John Fowles. ABD: University Press of Mississippi.
  • Olson, B. K. (1997). Authorial divinity in the twentieth century. Londra: Brucknell University Press
  • ---, (2006). Who thinks this book? or why the Author/God analogy merits our continued attention. Narrative. 14(3). 339-46 .
  • Pease, D. (1995). Author. Frank L. & McLaughlin T. (Eds). Critical terms for literary study. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Rombes, Nicholas (2005, October 06). The rebirth of the author. https://journals.uvic.ca/index.php/ctheory/article/view/14454/5296
  • Ryan, M. L. (2011). Meaning, intent, and the implied author. Style: implied author: back from the grave or simply dead again. 45(1). 29-47.
  • Savu, L. E. (2009). Postmortem postmodernists: the afterlife of the author in recent narrative. ABD: Rosemont Publishing.
  • Schönert, J. (2011, September 6). Author. The living handbook of narratology. https://www-archiv.fdm.uni-hamburg.de/lhn/node/65.html
  • Shelley, P. B. (1997 [1821]), Shelley’s poetry and prose. Reiman, D.H. (Ed). New York: Norton.
  • Stillinger, J. (1991). Multiple authorship and the myth of solitary genius. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Tomashevskii, B. (1995 [1923]). Literature and Biography. In Burke, S. (Ed). Authorship: from Plato to the postmodern: a reader. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Wimsatt, W.K.& Beardsley, M. C. (1995 [1946]). The intentional fallacy. Burke, S. (Ed). Authorship: From Plato to the postmodern: A Reader. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Doğuşundan Ölümüne, Yok Oluşundan Dirilişine Yazar Figürünün Tarihsel Değişimi

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 11, 82 - 98, 28.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.35235/uicd.1249371

Abstract

Yazar figürü varlığı ve yokluğu etrafında şekillenen tartışmalar ile tarih boyunca edebiyatta önemli bir yer tutmuştur. Şüphesiz, bu tartışmaların en bilindik örneklerinden biri de Roland Barthes’ın “Yazarın Ölümü” denemesidir. Barthes’ın metni yaratan yazardan ziyade metnin kendisine yaptığı vurgu, metin okuma biçimlerini de kökten bir değişikliğe uğratmış, yazara karşı eleştirel bir tutum takınmış olan edebi teorilerin yaygın olarak benimsenmesi ile yazar metnin gerisine itilmiştir. Yine de yazar edebiyat dünyasında yazan kişi, yazman, karakter, Foucault açısından bir “işlev” ya da Barthes’ın deyimiyle “halıdaki figür” de olsa varlığını sürdürmeye devam etmiştir. Postmodernizm ve post-postmodernizm ise “ölmüş” olan yazarı yeniden ön plana çıkarmıştır. Postmodernizm ve sonrasındaki dönem değerlendirildiğinde postmodern ironinin yerini post-postmodern içtenliğin, yapısökümün yerini ise yeniden yapılandırmacı yöntemin almasıyla yazar algısında bir değişim yaşandığı söylenebilir. Bu çalışma, yazarın doğuşu, ölümü ve yeniden dirilişi bağlamında tarih boyunca yazar tanımının geçirdiği değişimleri ele alarak yazarlık ve otorite arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektedir.

References

  • Barthes, R. (1972 [1964]). Authors and writers. Critical essays (Fransızcadan Çev. Richard Howard) Evanston:Northwestern University Press.
  • ---, (1974). S/Z (Fransızcadan çev. Richard Miller)New York: Blackwell.
  • ---, (1975). The Pleasure of the text. (Fransızcadan Çev. Richard Miller). New York: Hill and Wang.
  • ---, (1977 [1968]), “The death of the author”, Image, music, text, Fransızcadan çev. Stephen Heath, s.142-149. Londra: Fontana Press.
  • ---, (1989[1971]). Sade, Fourier, Loyala. (Fransızcadan çev. Richard Miller). Berkeley &Los Angeles: University of California Press.
  • Benedetti, C. (2005). The empty cage:inquiry into the mysterious disappearance of the author. (İtalyancadan çev. William J. Hartley). Londra: Cornell University Press.
  • Bennett, A. (2005). Author: the new critical idiom. New York: Routledge.
  • Bradbury, M. (1993).The modern British novel. Londra:Penguin.
  • Burke, S. (1995). Authorship from Plato to the postmodern: A Reader. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • ---, (2008). The death and return of the author: criticism and subjectivity in Barthes, Foucault and Derrida. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Chatman, S. (1990). In defense of the implied author. Coming to terms: the rhetoric of narrative in fiction and film. Ithaca& London: Cornell University Press
  • Culler, J.D. (2004). Omniscience. Narrative. 12 (1). 22-34.
  • Dawson, P. (2009). The return of omniscience in contemporary fiction. Narrative. 17 (2). 143-161.
  • De Man, P. (1986). Resistance to theory. ABD: University of Minnesota Press.
  • ----. (1971). The Blindness and Insight. ABD: The University of Minnesota Press.
  • Foucault, M. (1998 [1969]). What is an author?. Faubon, J.D. (Ed.). Essential works of Foucault: aesthetics, method, and epistemology (Fransızcadan çev. Josue V. Harari) (s. 205-223). New York: The New Press
  • Franssen, P. & Haenselaars T. (Eds.). (1999). The Author as character: representing historical writers in western literature. Madison & New Jersey: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press.
  • Frye, N. (1963). Literary criticism. Thorpe, J. (Ed.). The aims and methods of scholarship in modern languages and literatures. (s.57-69). New York: Modern Language Association.
  • Genette, G. (1988). Narrative discourse revisited. (Çev. Jane E. Lewin). Ithaca & New York: Cornell University Press.
  • McHale, B. (2004 [1987]). Postmodernist fiction. E-book: Routledge.
  • Molony, R. (1999). John Fowles: the magus. Vipond, D. L. (Ed.). Conversations with John Fowles. ABD: University Press of Mississippi.
  • Olson, B. K. (1997). Authorial divinity in the twentieth century. Londra: Brucknell University Press
  • ---, (2006). Who thinks this book? or why the Author/God analogy merits our continued attention. Narrative. 14(3). 339-46 .
  • Pease, D. (1995). Author. Frank L. & McLaughlin T. (Eds). Critical terms for literary study. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Rombes, Nicholas (2005, October 06). The rebirth of the author. https://journals.uvic.ca/index.php/ctheory/article/view/14454/5296
  • Ryan, M. L. (2011). Meaning, intent, and the implied author. Style: implied author: back from the grave or simply dead again. 45(1). 29-47.
  • Savu, L. E. (2009). Postmortem postmodernists: the afterlife of the author in recent narrative. ABD: Rosemont Publishing.
  • Schönert, J. (2011, September 6). Author. The living handbook of narratology. https://www-archiv.fdm.uni-hamburg.de/lhn/node/65.html
  • Shelley, P. B. (1997 [1821]), Shelley’s poetry and prose. Reiman, D.H. (Ed). New York: Norton.
  • Stillinger, J. (1991). Multiple authorship and the myth of solitary genius. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Tomashevskii, B. (1995 [1923]). Literature and Biography. In Burke, S. (Ed). Authorship: from Plato to the postmodern: a reader. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Wimsatt, W.K.& Beardsley, M. C. (1995 [1946]). The intentional fallacy. Burke, S. (Ed). Authorship: From Plato to the postmodern: A Reader. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Creative Arts and Writing
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Nesrin Koç 0000-0001-6906-4641

Early Pub Date June 26, 2023
Publication Date June 28, 2023
Submission Date February 9, 2023
Acceptance Date June 23, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 6 Issue: 11

Cite

APA Koç, N. (2023). Doğuşundan Ölümüne, Yok Oluşundan Dirilişine Yazar Figürünün Tarihsel Değişimi. Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi, 6(11), 82-98. https://doi.org/10.35235/uicd.1249371
AMA Koç N. Doğuşundan Ölümüne, Yok Oluşundan Dirilişine Yazar Figürünün Tarihsel Değişimi. Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi. June 2023;6(11):82-98. doi:10.35235/uicd.1249371
Chicago Koç, Nesrin. “Doğuşundan Ölümüne, Yok Oluşundan Dirilişine Yazar Figürünün Tarihsel Değişimi”. Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi 6, no. 11 (June 2023): 82-98. https://doi.org/10.35235/uicd.1249371.
EndNote Koç N (June 1, 2023) Doğuşundan Ölümüne, Yok Oluşundan Dirilişine Yazar Figürünün Tarihsel Değişimi. Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi 6 11 82–98.
IEEE N. Koç, “Doğuşundan Ölümüne, Yok Oluşundan Dirilişine Yazar Figürünün Tarihsel Değişimi”, Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 11, pp. 82–98, 2023, doi: 10.35235/uicd.1249371.
ISNAD Koç, Nesrin. “Doğuşundan Ölümüne, Yok Oluşundan Dirilişine Yazar Figürünün Tarihsel Değişimi”. Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi 6/11 (June 2023), 82-98. https://doi.org/10.35235/uicd.1249371.
JAMA Koç N. Doğuşundan Ölümüne, Yok Oluşundan Dirilişine Yazar Figürünün Tarihsel Değişimi. Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi. 2023;6:82–98.
MLA Koç, Nesrin. “Doğuşundan Ölümüne, Yok Oluşundan Dirilişine Yazar Figürünün Tarihsel Değişimi”. Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 11, 2023, pp. 82-98, doi:10.35235/uicd.1249371.
Vancouver Koç N. Doğuşundan Ölümüne, Yok Oluşundan Dirilişine Yazar Figürünün Tarihsel Değişimi. Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi. 2023;6(11):82-98.

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