Language

The language of the journal is English.

Manuscript Organization and Submission

1- The articles submitted for publication in the journal are required not to have been published or not to have been sent for publishing.

2- WRITING AREA: Articles need to be written in Microsoft Word program. A4 should be selected as the paper type. Page layout (margins) for sections should be set as "top: 2 cm", "bottom: 2 cm", "right: 1.5 cm", "left: 2 cm", "indent-left: 0 cm' "indent-left: 0 cm" "special: none". Abstract, introduction, figures, tables, references, and notes must not exceed 35 pages in total.
3- SPELLING CHARACTERS: The font should be set as "Times New Roman" and the font size should be set as"11 points". 'Single line spacing' should be used as line spacing. 6 nk (inches) should be left between the paragraphs (before-after). No additional blank lines should be left between paragraphs except those spaces in question.

4- In the text, a character range (space) must be left after the comma and dots (punctuation marks). The articles should be written in paragraphs and as "justified".

5- MAIN TITLE: The article title should be written in bold, left-justified and 15 point font. The first letters of the words used should be written in upper case, and the others in lower case.

 The first letter of the words in the English title must be capitalized and the other letters must be small. English title should be in italic, normal color (not dark), left justified and 12 points.

6- AUTHOR INFIRMATION: After the English title (on the bottom line), the author's Name and Surname should be written in bold, Times New Roman font and 10 point font, left justified, without leaving a line space. It is required to write to the next line the academic title, the institution and the e-mail address of the author in full and clearly, in a normal color (not dark), Italic, and 10 point font, left justified. If there is more than one author, the other authors should also be added in the same way. Author information should not be additionally marked with a footnote.

BES JOURNAL- International Journal of Business and Economic Studies follows the main principles of COPE (Committe on Publication Ethics). Journal is against all forms of plagiarism or unethical act of copyright. Authors should observe high standards with respect to publication ethics as set out by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

Falsification or fabrication of data, plagiarism, including duplicate publication of the authors' own work without proper citation, and misappropriation of the work are all unacceptable practices. Any cases of ethical misconduct are treated very seriously and will be dealt with in accordance with the COPE guidelines.

· All authors listed on the manuscript should have contributed significantly to the experimental design, its implementation, or analysis and interpretation of the data. All authors should have been involved in the writing of the manuscript at draft and any revision stages, and have read and approved the final version. Anyone who made major contributions to the writing of the manuscript should be listed as an author (e.g. "ghost writing" is prohibited by the Journal). Persons who do not make intellectual contributions to the content in the creation of the article should not be mentioned as author(s).

· The raw data of the articles in the framework of the evaluation process can be requested from the author(s). In such a case, the authors should be prepared to submit the expected data and information to the editorial board and the scientific committee.

· By submitting your manuscript to the journal it is understood that this it is an original manuscript and is unpublished work and is not under consideration elsewhere.

· Plagiarism, including duplicate publication of the author's own work, in whole or in part without proper citation is not tolerated by the journal. Manuscripts submitted to the journal is checked for originality using anti-plagiarism software.

· All authors who submit their manuscripts to the International Journal of Management Academy are expected to comply with the ethical standards of reference. It is the responsibility of the author (s) to give references in accordance with the sources used in the article.

· BES JOURNAL- International Journal of Business and Economic Studies uses Turnitin software to calculate the ratio of originality. If the plagiarism is detected after publication, "BES JOURNAL- International Journal of Business and Economic Studies" reserves the right to retract the article.
7- MAIN SECTIONS: The article text should be divided into the sections of "ABSTRACT", "ABSTRACT", "INTRODUCTION", Text, "CONCLUSION" and "BIBLIOGRAPHY". Main sections should be written in 11 points, bold, capital letters and left-justified. All main titles except REFERENCES should be numbered starting from 1 in order.
· If the author(s) perceive a mistake or error in the published, early-view or evaluation processes, they have an obligation to cooperate with the editor in informing, correcting or withdrawing.

· Blind peer-review is the principal mechanism by which the quality of research is judged. This evaluation directly affects the quality of the publication. This process provides trust with objective and independent evaluation of the publication. International Journal of Management Academy, evaluation process is carried out with the principle of double blind peer-review. Referees cannot communicate directly with the authors, reviews and comments are transmitted through the journal management system (dergipark).

· The publication processes implemented in International Journal of Management Academy are the basis for the development and distribution of scientific knowledge in an impartial and respectful manner. The journal owner, publisher and any other political and commercial elements do not affect the independent decision-making of editors.

8- TEXT: The language used in article should be clear, understandable and fluent. In application-based studies, the "subject, purpose, importance of the research", Methodology of the research (universe, sampling, scales, data collection method and tools, constraints, data analysis techniques), " literature review "and" findings" should be included in the "text" section.

9- OTHER TITLES (SECTION TITLES): Numbers must be given from the entry in title numbers. Title and subtitles should be numbered. All chapter titles must be in the first line setting and in the following order:

1- TITLE: (All letters are uppercase and all are bold - 11 points)
1.1 title: (Words are justified, bold(dark), and only the first letters are capitalized-11 points)
1.1.1 title: (Words are justified, bold(dark), and only the first letters are capitalized-11 points)

11. TABLES AND FIGURES: All tables, figures and graphs within the study sections should be shown as centered on the page consecutively numbered in the appropriate places of the text. Each table, figure, or graphic should be given a title. The title should be on top of the table, figure or graphic, centered on the page and the table, with only the initials of the words capitalized and 11 points. The text in the table, figure, and graphic should be within the range of 8-11 points. The table, figure or graph should be easily readable and should be placed on the page appropriately in accordance with the page structure given above (not exceeding the page margins). A bibliography should be added just below the figures and tables.

12. SHOWING REFERENCE (CITATION): It is imperative to comply with the principles of citation (scientific citation rules) in the study. All responsibilities in this respect are owned by authors / authors. References should be made in accordance with APA standards by opening parentheses, giving the date and Page Number in the text. Additional explanations should be displayed at the bottom of the page using the footnote method.

Examples:
Single Author: xxx (Dogan, 2006: 289).
Two Authors: xxx (Mecek ve Doğan, 2015: 214).
Three or more Authors: xxx (dogan et al., 2012: 325).

13- REFERENCES (bibliography): All references should be included in the bibliography section. The resources used should be listed in alphabetical order according to the surname of the author and together without making distinction of qualifications (thesis, book, article, report, etc.). The works of the same author should be placed in the bibliography starting with the “oldest date”. Legislation and official gazettes should be grouped under the same rules at the bottom of the bibliography and given separately.

Examples;

Balsalobre-Lorente, D., Ibáñez-Luzón, L., Usman, M., & Shahbaz, M. (2022). The environmental Kuznets curve, based on the economic complexity, and the pollution haven hypothesis in PIIGS countries. Renewable Energy, 185, 1441-1455.

Omri, A., Omri, H., Slimani, S., & Belaid, F. (2022). Environmental degradation and life satisfaction: Do governance and renewable energy matter?. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 175, 121375.

Omri, A., & Saidi, K. (2022). Factors influencing CO2 emissions in the MENA countries: the roles of renewable and non-renewable energy. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1-12.

Pata, U. K. (2018). Renewable energy consumption, urbanization, financial development, income and CO2 emissions in Turkey: testing EKC hypothesis with structural breaks. Journal of cleaner production, 187, 770-779.

Akerlof, G. A. (1984). An economic theorist's book of tales. Cambridge University Press.

Drucker, P. F. (1994). The theory of the business. Alfred P. Sloan: Critical evaluations in business and management, 2, 258-282.

Winata, S. (2008). The economic determinants of entrepreneurial activity: evidence from a Bayesian approach: a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Studies in Financial Economics at Massey University (Doctoral dissertation, Massey University).

Getahun, M. (2015). Analyzing financial performance of commercial banks in Ethiopia: CAMEL Approach. Unpublished Master‟ s Thesis. Addis Ababa University.

Zaccaro, S. J., & Klimoski, R. J. (Eds.). (2002). The nature of organizational leadership: Understanding the performance imperatives confronting today's leaders (Vol. 12). John Wiley & Sons.

Hopwood, A. G., & Unerman, J. (Eds.). (2010). Accounting for sustainability: Practical insights. Earthscan.


Note: General considerations adopted in scientific writings should be taken into account in cases not specified in the writing.

14. SUBMISSION OF THE STUDY: The studies should be uploaded as Word document to the "Submit articles" section of the BES JOURNAL- International Journal of Business and Economic Studies (https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/uiecd) in the DergiPark website. Processes are monitored through the system.

Thank you for your interest, contribution and support to our journal.