During the process of
the hazelnut market being reorganized, which practically started within the
context of the protectionist-statist policies that left their mark on Turkey of
the 1930s, the Turkish state acted as an active agent and ensured the starting
of the cooperativization. The state displayed its role in the organization of
the export market following the role it took in the cooperativization of the
production process. In that period, as the capital got stronger, some demands
for change in the structure of the Exporters'
Union, started to emerge.
Especially after the WWII, the relaxation of the protectionist statist
policies, facilitated these demands being met. This study deals with the footprints of the dissociation
between the İstanbul capital and the Anatolian (Black Sea) capital via the
hazelnut market in the 1950s. It was such that in the second half of the 1940s,
despite the fact that the hazelnut production center was the Black Sea region,
a great majority of the hazelnut exporters were İstanbul-based. The fact
that İstanbul was the de facto center of the hazelnut export brought with it
the demand that the center of the Turkish
Hazelnut Exporters' Association be moved from Giresun to İstanbul. As
a result of this demand having found
repurcussions among the exporters, the Turkish Hazelnut Exporters’ Association
divided into two associations, namely The
Black Sea Hazelnut Exporters' Association and the İstanbul Hazelnut Exporters'
Association.
The dissociation between these two groups in
Turkey can be interpreted as a manifestation of the dissociation between statism
and private sector as well as the Anatolian capital and the İstanbul capital.
Hazelnut Market Black Sea Hazelnut Exporters' Union İstanbul Hazelnut Exporters' Union Statism
Türkiye’de 1930’lu
yıllara damgasını vuran korumacı-devletçi politika bağlamında başlatılan fındık
piyasasının örgütlenmesi sürecinde, devlet etkin bir şekilde müdahil olmuş,
kooperatifleşmenin başlamasını sağlamıştır. Devlet, üretim safhasındaki
kooperatifleşmenin ardından ihracat piyasasının örgütlenmesinde de etkinliğini göstermiştir. Bu süreçte sermaye güçlendikçe, İhracatçılar Birliği’nin
yapısına ilişkin bazı değişim talepleri de ortaya çıkmaya başlamıştır. Özellikle
II. Dünya Savaşı ardından korumacı devletçi politikanın gevşetilmesi, bu
taleplerin karşılık bulmasını kolaylaştırmıştır. Bu çalışma 1950’li yıllarda İstanbul sermayesi ile Anadolu
(Karadeniz) sermayesi arasındaki ayrışmanın izdüşümlerini fındık üzerinden ele
almaktadır. Şöyle ki, 1940’lı yılların ikinci yarısında fındık üretim bölgesi
Karadeniz olmasına rağmen, ihracatçı tüccarların çok büyük kısmı, İstanbul merkezli
faaliyet göstermekteydi. Fındık ihracatının fiilî merkezinin İstanbul oluşu,
resmî merkezinin Giresun’dan İstanbul’a taşınması talebini beraberinde
getirmiştir. Bu talebin ihracatçılar katında yankı bulmasıyla birlikte, Türkiye
Fındık İhracatçıları Birliği, 1951 yılında Karadeniz Fındık İhracatçıları
Birliği ve İstanbul Fındık İhracatçıları Birliği olarak ikiye ayrılmıştır. Bu
ayrışma, hem devletçilikle özel sektör, hem de Anadolu sermayesiyle İstanbul sermayesi
arasındaki ayrışmanın açığa çıkmış bir tezahürü olarak yorumlanabilir.
Fındık Piyasası Karadeniz Fındık İhracatçıları Birliği İstanbul Fındık İhracatçılar Birliği Devletçilik
Bölüm | Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2 |
---|---|
Yazarlar | |
Yayımlanma Tarihi | 7 Şubat 2018 |
Gönderilme Tarihi | 9 Haziran 2017 |
Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2017 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2 |
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