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SAVUNMA HARCAMALARI, EKONOMİK BÜYÜME VE CARİ İŞLEMLER DENGESİ İLİŞKİSİ: KIRILGAN ÜLKELER ÖRNEĞİ

Year 2021, , 157 - 172, 30.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.882046

Abstract

Ulusal ve bölgesel güvenliği sağlamak amacıyla gerekli olan savunma harcamaları ülkelerin bütçelerinin önemli bir kısmını oluşturmaktadır. Bu nedenle kamu harcamalarının alt kalemi olan savunma harcamalarının ekonomik etkileri konusundaki tartışmalar her dönem önemini korumuştur. Bu çalışmada kırılgan beşli ekonomileri olarak adlandırılan gelişme yolunda olan ülkelerde savunma harcamaları, ekonomik büyüme ve cari işlemler dengesi arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmiştir. 2000-2017 dönemini kapsayan çalışmada dinamik panel veri analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda söz konusu ilişkileri incelemek üzere iki farklı model kullanılmıştır. Bu modellerin birinde askeri harcamalar bağımlı değişken olarak kullanılmış iken diğer modelde cari işlemler dengesi bağımlı değişken olarak kullanılmıştır. İlk modelden elde edilen analiz sonuçları askeri harcamalar değişkeni ile ekonomik büyüme ve cari işlemler dengesi arasında negatif bir ilişkiyi ortaya koymaktadır. İkinci modelden elde edilen bulgulara göre ise cari işlemler dengesi ile askeri harcamalar ve cari işlemler dengesi arasında negatif yönlü bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Özetle, ele alınan ülkelerde, savunma harcamaları ile ekonomik büyüme ve cari işlemler dengesi arasında negatif yönlü bir ilişki söz konusudur.

References

  • Ali, Amjad & Ather, Muhammad (2014), “Impact of Defense Expenditure on Economic Growth: Time Series Evidence from Pakistan”, Global Journal of Management and Business Research: B Economics and Commerce, 14(9), 26-31.
  • Arellano, M. & Bond, S. (1991), “Some tests Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations”, The Review of Economic Studies, 58(2), 277-297.
  • Başar, Serkan & Künü, Selim (2012), “Savunma Harcamalarının İktisadi Büyümeye Etkisi”, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10(2012), 1-30.
  • Canbay, Şerif & Mercan, Derya (2017), “Savunma Harcamalarının Ekonomik Büyüme ve Cari İşlemler Dengesine Etkisi: Türkiye Örneği”, Journal of Emerging Economies and Policy, 2(2), 86-104.
  • Davoodi, H.; Clements, B.; Schiff, J. & Debaere, Peter (2001), “Military Spending, the Peace Dividend, and Fiscal Adjustment”, IMF Staff Papers, Palgrave Macmillan, 48(2), 1-4.
  • Dunne J. P., Perlo-Freeman, S. & Aylin, S. (2004), “Military Expenditure and Debt in South America”, Defence and Peace Economics, 15(2), 173-187.
  • Durgun, Özlem ve Timur, Mustafa Caner (2017), “Savunma Harcamaları ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Türkiye Analizi. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi”, Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 54, 126-137.
  • Faini, Riccardo; Annez, Patricia & Taylor, Lance (1984), “Defense Spending, Economic Structure, and Growth: Evidence among Countries and Over Time”, Economic Development and Cultural Change, 32(3), 487-498.
  • Fatah, Anton Abdul & Salıhoglu, Salih (2016), “Comparative Study of the Impact of Defense Expenditures on Economic Growth in Indonesia and Turkey”, Savunma Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(1), 55-77.
  • Frederiksen, P.C. (1989), “The Relationship between Defence Spending and Economic Growth: Some Evidence for Indonesia, 1964–85”, Contemporary Southeast Asia, 10(4), 375-384.
  • Gokmenoglu, K.; Taspinara, K. N. & Sadeghieha, M. (2015), “Military Expenditure and Economic Growth: The Case of Turkey”, Procedia Economics and Finance, 25(2015), 455-462.
  • İpek, E. (2014), “Savunma Harcamalarının Seçilmiş Makroekonomik Değişkenler Üzerine Etkisi: ARDL Sınır Testi Yaklaşımı”, Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 14(3), 113-126.
  • Karagöz, Kadir (2018), “Impact of Defence Expenditures on External debt: An Econometric Analysis for Turkey and Turkic Republics”, Theoretical and Applied Economics, (614): 183-192.
  • Khalid, Masoud Ali & Alhaji, Bukar Mustapha (2014), “Military Expenditure and Economic Growth in the Case of China: Using ARDL Approach”, International Journal of Development and Emerging Economics, 2(1), 27-36.
  • Kollias, Christos (1997), “Defence Spending and Growth in Turkey 1954-1993: A Causal Analysis”, Defence and Peace Economics, 8(2), 189-204.
  • Korkmaz (2015), “The Effect of Military Spending on Economic Growth and Unemployment in Mediterranean Countries”, International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 5(1), 273-280.
  • Özsoy, O. & İpek, E. (2010), “The Relationship Between Defense Spending and Macroeconomic Variables”, International Journal of Economics and Finance Studies, 2(1), 103-111 Rahman, T. & Siddiqui, D. A. (2019), “The Effect of Military Spending on Economic Growth in the Presence of Arms Trade: A Global Analysis”, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3401331, (Erişim: 12.10.2020).
  • Roodman, D. (2009), “How to do xtabond2: An Introduction to Difference and System GMM in Stata”, The Stata Journal, 9(1), 86-136.
  • Scheetz, T. (1991), “The Macroeconomic Impact of Defence Expenditures: Some Econometric Evidence for Argentina, Chile, Paraguay and Peru”, Defence Economics, 3(1), 65–81.
  • Sezgin, Selami (2000), “Defence Expenditure and Economic Growth in Turkey and Greece: A Cointegration Analysis”, Muğla Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi, 1(1), 1-12.
  • Şit, Mustafa (2018), “Macroeconomic Effects of Defense Expenditures in Turkey”, Savunma Bilimleri Dergisi, 17(2), 93-114.
  • SIPRI (2019), SIPRI Yearbook 2019 Armaments, Disarmament and International Security. www.sipriyearbook.org
  • SIPRI (2020a), “Trends in World Military Expenditure, 2019”, SIPRI Fact Sheet, https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/2020-04/fs_2020_04_milex_0_0.pdf, (Erişim: 12.10.2020).
  • SIPRI (2020b), Military Expenditure Database, https://www.sipri.org/databases/milex, (Erişim: 12.10.2020).
  • T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı Savunma Sanayi Müsteşarlığı (2016), https://www.ssb.gov.tr/WebSite/contentlist.aspx?PageID=48&LangID=1 (Erişim: 05.04.2020)
  • Tiwari, A. K. & Tiwari, A. P. (2010), “Defence Expenditure and Economic Growth: Evidence from India”, Journal of Cambridge Studies, 5(2-3), 117-131.
  • Tuncay, Özhan (2017), “Finansal Serbestleşme Sonrası Dönem Savunma Harcamalarının Ekonomik Analizi”, Uluslararası Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3(1), 23-37.
  • Turan, T.; Karakaş, M. & Özer, H. A. (2018), “Askeri Harcamalar ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Panel Eşbütünleşme ve Nedensellik Analizi”, Maliye Dergisi, 175, 140-153.
  • Yakovlev, Pavel (2007), “Arms Trade, Military Spending, and Economic Growth”, Defence and Peace Economics, 18(4), 317-338.
Year 2021, , 157 - 172, 30.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.882046

Abstract

References

  • Ali, Amjad & Ather, Muhammad (2014), “Impact of Defense Expenditure on Economic Growth: Time Series Evidence from Pakistan”, Global Journal of Management and Business Research: B Economics and Commerce, 14(9), 26-31.
  • Arellano, M. & Bond, S. (1991), “Some tests Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations”, The Review of Economic Studies, 58(2), 277-297.
  • Başar, Serkan & Künü, Selim (2012), “Savunma Harcamalarının İktisadi Büyümeye Etkisi”, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10(2012), 1-30.
  • Canbay, Şerif & Mercan, Derya (2017), “Savunma Harcamalarının Ekonomik Büyüme ve Cari İşlemler Dengesine Etkisi: Türkiye Örneği”, Journal of Emerging Economies and Policy, 2(2), 86-104.
  • Davoodi, H.; Clements, B.; Schiff, J. & Debaere, Peter (2001), “Military Spending, the Peace Dividend, and Fiscal Adjustment”, IMF Staff Papers, Palgrave Macmillan, 48(2), 1-4.
  • Dunne J. P., Perlo-Freeman, S. & Aylin, S. (2004), “Military Expenditure and Debt in South America”, Defence and Peace Economics, 15(2), 173-187.
  • Durgun, Özlem ve Timur, Mustafa Caner (2017), “Savunma Harcamaları ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Türkiye Analizi. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi”, Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 54, 126-137.
  • Faini, Riccardo; Annez, Patricia & Taylor, Lance (1984), “Defense Spending, Economic Structure, and Growth: Evidence among Countries and Over Time”, Economic Development and Cultural Change, 32(3), 487-498.
  • Fatah, Anton Abdul & Salıhoglu, Salih (2016), “Comparative Study of the Impact of Defense Expenditures on Economic Growth in Indonesia and Turkey”, Savunma Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(1), 55-77.
  • Frederiksen, P.C. (1989), “The Relationship between Defence Spending and Economic Growth: Some Evidence for Indonesia, 1964–85”, Contemporary Southeast Asia, 10(4), 375-384.
  • Gokmenoglu, K.; Taspinara, K. N. & Sadeghieha, M. (2015), “Military Expenditure and Economic Growth: The Case of Turkey”, Procedia Economics and Finance, 25(2015), 455-462.
  • İpek, E. (2014), “Savunma Harcamalarının Seçilmiş Makroekonomik Değişkenler Üzerine Etkisi: ARDL Sınır Testi Yaklaşımı”, Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 14(3), 113-126.
  • Karagöz, Kadir (2018), “Impact of Defence Expenditures on External debt: An Econometric Analysis for Turkey and Turkic Republics”, Theoretical and Applied Economics, (614): 183-192.
  • Khalid, Masoud Ali & Alhaji, Bukar Mustapha (2014), “Military Expenditure and Economic Growth in the Case of China: Using ARDL Approach”, International Journal of Development and Emerging Economics, 2(1), 27-36.
  • Kollias, Christos (1997), “Defence Spending and Growth in Turkey 1954-1993: A Causal Analysis”, Defence and Peace Economics, 8(2), 189-204.
  • Korkmaz (2015), “The Effect of Military Spending on Economic Growth and Unemployment in Mediterranean Countries”, International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 5(1), 273-280.
  • Özsoy, O. & İpek, E. (2010), “The Relationship Between Defense Spending and Macroeconomic Variables”, International Journal of Economics and Finance Studies, 2(1), 103-111 Rahman, T. & Siddiqui, D. A. (2019), “The Effect of Military Spending on Economic Growth in the Presence of Arms Trade: A Global Analysis”, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3401331, (Erişim: 12.10.2020).
  • Roodman, D. (2009), “How to do xtabond2: An Introduction to Difference and System GMM in Stata”, The Stata Journal, 9(1), 86-136.
  • Scheetz, T. (1991), “The Macroeconomic Impact of Defence Expenditures: Some Econometric Evidence for Argentina, Chile, Paraguay and Peru”, Defence Economics, 3(1), 65–81.
  • Sezgin, Selami (2000), “Defence Expenditure and Economic Growth in Turkey and Greece: A Cointegration Analysis”, Muğla Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi, 1(1), 1-12.
  • Şit, Mustafa (2018), “Macroeconomic Effects of Defense Expenditures in Turkey”, Savunma Bilimleri Dergisi, 17(2), 93-114.
  • SIPRI (2019), SIPRI Yearbook 2019 Armaments, Disarmament and International Security. www.sipriyearbook.org
  • SIPRI (2020a), “Trends in World Military Expenditure, 2019”, SIPRI Fact Sheet, https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/2020-04/fs_2020_04_milex_0_0.pdf, (Erişim: 12.10.2020).
  • SIPRI (2020b), Military Expenditure Database, https://www.sipri.org/databases/milex, (Erişim: 12.10.2020).
  • T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı Savunma Sanayi Müsteşarlığı (2016), https://www.ssb.gov.tr/WebSite/contentlist.aspx?PageID=48&LangID=1 (Erişim: 05.04.2020)
  • Tiwari, A. K. & Tiwari, A. P. (2010), “Defence Expenditure and Economic Growth: Evidence from India”, Journal of Cambridge Studies, 5(2-3), 117-131.
  • Tuncay, Özhan (2017), “Finansal Serbestleşme Sonrası Dönem Savunma Harcamalarının Ekonomik Analizi”, Uluslararası Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3(1), 23-37.
  • Turan, T.; Karakaş, M. & Özer, H. A. (2018), “Askeri Harcamalar ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Panel Eşbütünleşme ve Nedensellik Analizi”, Maliye Dergisi, 175, 140-153.
  • Yakovlev, Pavel (2007), “Arms Trade, Military Spending, and Economic Growth”, Defence and Peace Economics, 18(4), 317-338.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Economics
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Nuri Baltacı

Pınar Hayaloğlu

Publication Date April 30, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021

Cite

APA Baltacı, N., & Hayaloğlu, P. (2021). SAVUNMA HARCAMALARI, EKONOMİK BÜYÜME VE CARİ İŞLEMLER DENGESİ İLİŞKİSİ: KIRILGAN ÜLKELER ÖRNEĞİ. Uluslararası İktisadi Ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi(31), 157-172. https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.882046


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